Indiewood (also known as "speciality", "alternative", "indie" or "quality")[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] films are those made outside of the Hollywood studio system or traditional arthouse/ independent filmmaking yet managed to be produced, financed and distributed by the two with varying degrees of success and/or failure.[8]

Background

Throughout the middle of the 1990s the word 'Indiewood' (aka "indie boom" or "indie film movement")[9][10][4][11] was invented to describe a component of the spectrum of American films in which distinctions exist, it seemed as if Hollywood and the independent sector had become blurred.[12][13][14][15][16][4] The American independent film, prior to the 1980s and first half of the 1990s,[17][18][19] was previously associated with b movies, exploitation films, avant-garde underground cinema (when it was known as the New American Cinema)[20] and social realist dramas.[21][22][23][24]

Indiewood divisions gain from expert experience of the niche industry by hiring leading independent personalities such as Harvey Weinstein[11] from the Disney fold after the exit of the Weinsteins,[25][26] and James Schamus, former joint head of Good Machine, at Focus Features.[27]

Other "mini-major" subdivisions included Searchlight Pictures, Fine Line Features (established by New Line Cinema), Lionsgate, NEON, A24, Paramount Vantage, Summit Entertainment, Orion Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Company, Warner Independent, Picturehouse, United Artists (first founded in 1919 as an independent studio that allowed more creative freedom for former silent film stars like Mary Pickford and Charles Chaplin), Blumhouse, Cannon Films and Sony Pictures Classics.[28][2][29][9][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Differences from Hollywood

The films are often made for far less money than Hollywood films[36][11][37] (some films like Robert Townsend's 1987's satire Hollywood Shuffle and Kevin Smith's 1994 Gen X comedy Clerks were funded by using credit cards[19]) and each aspect of the filmmaking process has to undergo less scrutiny by committees. Additionally, within the Indiewood approach the filmmaker can take as long as they need in the post-production phase of their film - whereas in Hollywood they are contracted to finish the film in a specific period of time (usually 10 weeks). In Hollywood, the film then goes on to show in focus group screenings on the studio lot. In Indiewood, the filmmakers can determine the next steps of the film. They also bear striking similarities to as well as were influenced by the "proto-indies" of the 1960s such as Robert Downey Sr's still image film Chafed Elbows (1966), John Cassavetes's Academy Award-nominated Faces and Brian de Palma's Greetings (each from 1968) which in turn were influenced by the culture of The Beat Generation, the polar opposite to the conformist, gray-flannel conformity of 1950s America.[38][24]

Most Indiewood films are first shown at film festivals with the hopes of further distribution by being picked up (or purchased) by a larger film company or distributor alongside awards consideration (e.g. 2009's A Single Man).[39]

List of selected Indiewood/Indie filmmakers

[11][34][40][61][7][46]

[17][23][45][24][34][63][61][41][46][70][43]

[131][33][84][68][57][66][24][132][61]

[44][66][11][24][34][41]

[71][33][86][84][44][66][11][17][45][63][61]

[44][11][45][24][74][61][7][46]

[66][50][45][40][69][79][46]

[34][62][46]

[66][91][135][69][70]

[33][68][158][66][73][50][45][34][61]

[84][68][57][66][50][45][24][34][46]

[166][68][66][61][135]

[150][34][63][61][46]

[10][156][84][68][158][44][66][11][52][50][24][34]

[10][82][5][147][57][66][24][34][61]

[45][40][69][46]

List of selected notable and important Indiewood/Indie films

Pre-1950s[edit]

1950s[edit]

1960s[edit]

1970s[edit]

[34][209][61][46]

1980s[edit]

[66][142][11][83][97][45][24][34][63]

[44][66][22][142][11][83][97][45][34]

[97][22][23][45][34][63][61][210]

[142][22][40][69]

[71][33][84][68][158][44][66][142][11][83][61][70] [97][50][22][165][45][24][34][128][46]

1990s[edit]

[6][57][66][83][34][61][46]

[46][43][240][73][24][34][61]

[6][57][247][66][50][23][34][61]

[84][68][6][57][173][160][61][240]

[247][66][83][97][50][73][34]

[4][246][146][31][6][83][23][24][34]

[66][97][23][34][61][159][240]

[6][173][160][34][159][240]

[41][204][83][50][160][34][61][46]

2000s[edit]

[68][83][97][73][23][34][61]±

[76][247][66][252][83][73][23][160][34][61]

2010s[edit]

2020s

Notes

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Academy Award nominations 2020: The return of the "quality" Hollywood studio film - News - University of Liverpool
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  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Best. Movie. Year. Ever. - Google Books (chapter: "I'm scared to close my eyes, I'm scared to open them." The Blair Witch Project)
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  17. ^ a b c d e f 50 Best '80s Movies to Watch Right Now|Time Out
  18. ^ Louie Maple teams a young Susan Sarandon with an aging Burt Lancaster|The A.V. Club
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  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Indie Reframed - Google Books
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  35. ^ New Yorkers Films, an Independent Distributor, Will Close After 44 Years - The New York Times
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m How Indiewood gatecrashed the Oscars|Financial Times
  37. ^ a b c d e f How an Unlikely Hollywood Juggernaut Came to Rule Netflix|WIRED
  38. ^ a b c d Proto-Indie - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  39. ^ a b c d e Overcoming the Stigma: The Queer Denial of Indiewood on JSTOR
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab 10 Films You Can’t Miss at Cinefamily’s Month-Long Homage to ’80s Indie Cinema - LAmag
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  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as The 25 Essential American Indie Films, 1988-2013 - Flavorwire
  51. ^ a b Focus Features Sets Indie 'Pariah' for Christmas Day Limited Release|FirstShowing.net
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  53. ^ a b c Stumbling Out of the Gate - Critic's Notebook
  54. ^ a b The Rider: Exclusive trailer for new western hailed best indie of the year|The Independent
  55. ^ a b c Indie Focus: On the road with Frances McDormand in ‘Nomadland’ - Los Angeles Times
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah The best A24 films to date|EW.com
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  58. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Hurray for Indiewood!|Salon.com
  59. ^ a b 25 Years Later, Charles Burnett and Richard Brooks Reflect on Indie Classic 'To Sleep with Anger'|IndieWire
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  62. ^ a b c d e f g h i 25 Great 90s Movies That Time Forgot|Collider
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad First 80s indie film fest shows movies that paved the way for the indie boom|Movies|The Guardian
  64. ^ Independent Film’s Sorry Quarter Century?|Filmmaker Magazine
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  67. ^ Tyler Perry: creator of a racial stereotype or the greatest indie film-maker ever?|Comedy films|The Guardian
  68. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb Top 50 Indie Movies You Need to See Before You Die|Complex
  69. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Fiercely Independent Films Of The 80s Get A Massive Cinefamily Showcase|LAist
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  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Commentary: You're Remembering House Party All Wrong|News|BET
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Movies You Probably Forgot Were Indies - SAGIndie
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  77. ^ a b A24's 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Hits Box Office Milestone - Variety
  78. ^ a b Indie Film Crush, Ahead Of 'Avatar' & Year End, Puts Arthouse Woes On Back Burner – Specialty Preview - Deadline
  79. ^ a b c d e Daniel Talbot, Iconic Indie Film Distributor and Exhibitor, Dies|The Wrap
  80. ^ a b Chaos Below Canal|Independent Magazine
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Downtown Film and TV Culture 1975-2001 - Google Books (pg.xvi)
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y 'Major minis' blur line between mainstream and independent - Herald Tribune
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  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Trainspotting, La La Land, Regal Cinemas to Rerelease Indie Films - Bleeding Cool
  87. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z iW BOT | The Golden Child: "Juno" Makes Fox Searchlight the 2007 Market-Share Leader, Lures Young Ad|Indiewire
  88. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Best Indie Animated Movies of All Time|Collider
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  90. ^ a b c d e f When the Movies Mattered - Google Books
  91. ^ a b c d e f g 10 Great 1980s Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Taste of Cinema
  92. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Reagan's bastard children: the lost teens of 1980s American indie films|Sight & Sound|BFI
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Postclassical Hollywood/postmodern subjectivity: representation in some 'Indie/Alternative' Indiewood films
  94. ^ a b DGA Quarterly Magazine|Fall 2011|Women Directors and Their Films
  95. ^ a b c How Wayne's World Made—and Broke—It's Director's Career|Vanity Fair
  96. ^ a b c d e f THE REAL INDIES: A CLOSE LOOK AT ORPHAN FILMS|Oscars.org
  97. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax 50 Best Indie Films|GameRadar+
  98. ^ a b c d e Indie Cinema Is Now Genre Cinema|Defactor
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 9 Essential Animated Indie Movies|IndieWire
  100. ^ MUBI Special: Silver Linings: Films by Joan Micklin Silver|MUBI
  101. ^ Animators Unearthed - Michaela Pavlátová|Animation World Network
  102. ^ a b Know Your Indie Filmmaker:Kōji Yamamura|Cartoon Brew
  103. ^ a b c d e f g Mad Eyed Misfits - Google Books
  104. ^ a b c Annie Awards Indie Feature Noms Offer a Diversity of Themes and Styles|Animation World Network
  105. ^ a b c d e f g h When Indie Animation Won Its First Oscar|Animation Obsessive
  106. ^ 8-Minute Video Boils Down the Essence of Animation Legend Ralph Bakshi - VICE
  107. ^ a b c d e f g Don Bluth Goes Independent - AWN.com
  108. ^ a b Indie Animation - WSJ
  109. ^ a b c d e f HOW THE SECRET OF NIMH PROVED DON BLUTH COULD BEAT DISNEY - Nerdist
  110. ^ a b c d e The best indie animation of 2015|Sight & Sound|BFI
  111. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Check out These Must-See Indie Animated Movies|The Mary Sue
  112. ^ a b c d e Directing Animation - Google Books (ch.4: "Directing Animation for Indie Films)
  113. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Animators Unearthed - Google Books
  114. ^ a b The Academy To Present ‘Women in Indie Animation’ September 21|Animation World Network
  115. ^ a b c Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Amanda Forbis And Wendy Tilby|Cartoon Brew
  116. ^ a b c d e Indie Animation King Bill Plympton|Animation Magazine
  117. ^ ICONS OF ANIMATION - THE ART OF ILLUSTRATION|Oscars.org
  118. ^ a b c d Animation Outlaws: Spike & Mike Turned Indie Shorts Into a Phenomenom|IndieWire
  119. ^ a b Top 50 Most-Viewed Indie Animated Shorts On Youtube|Cartoon Brew
  120. ^ Know Your Indie Filmmaker: Priit Pärn (Exclusive Video|Cartoon Brew
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  122. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Acting Indie - Google Books
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  124. ^ a b Sundance 2021: Coda, One For The Road, and Censor|AV Club
  125. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Netflix Best Indie Movies: 35 Overlooked Films to Stream Now|IndieWire
  126. ^ a b c d Miranda July: The Quiet Power of Her Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  127. ^ a b c d e f 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Never Seen - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 12 '80s-Era Indie Films to Swap Out for Your Old School Favorites|IndieWire
  129. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Inside Indiewood|The Nation
  130. ^ Post-Classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology Since 1945 - Google Books (pg.237)
  131. ^ a b c Life During Wartime - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  132. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n 10 great indie Christmas films|BFI
  133. ^ a b John Waters|Underground Film Journal
  134. ^ a b Hairspray (1988) 30th Anniversary|Oscars.org
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  136. ^ a b c The Criterion Channel's July 2023 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  137. ^ a b Stanley Kubrick: The Ultimate Guide to the Legendary Filmmaker|Indie Film Hustle
  138. ^ a b Sean Baker reembraces the indie film with 'Red Rocket' - Los Angeles Times
  139. ^ a b Why Tangerine is the best Christmas movie that's not really about Christmas|EW.com
  140. ^ Alex Ross Perry: 'Avengers: Endgame' Deserves Oscar for Best Picture|IndieWire
  141. ^ 'Midnight Special,' 'Fantastic Planet' and more home theater releases out this week - Los Angeles Times
  142. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar BAM|Indie 80s
  143. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The Best of 2001 - Rolling Stone
  144. ^ a b The best films of the '00s|The A.V. Club
  145. ^ a b c d e f g An Accidental Experiment: Dirty Dancing (1987) and the convergence between Hollywood and American Independent Cinema|Goldsmiths, University of London
  146. ^ a b c d e f g Indie: An American Film Culture on JSTOR
  147. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Cine-Files » Parker Posey: New York Flight
  148. ^ a b c d e f g h i 5 INDIE FILMS YOU HAVE TO SEE|Gonzo Magazine
  149. ^ a b c d The Moviegoing Experience, 1968-2001 - Google Books (pg.59)
  150. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Best Indie Horror Films From The 1970s - Screen Rant
  151. ^ a b Fusion of faith and football fails in 'Giants' - Orlando Sentinel
  152. ^ a b Father Figurine: Mike Mills's "Beginners"|IndieWire
  153. ^ a b BUFS Behind-the-Scenes – Brock University (Communication, Popular Culture and Film)
  154. ^ a b c d e f "Pride & Prejudice," "Capote," "Brokeback Mountain" (and more), and Why Audiences Matter|IndieWire
  155. ^ a b c The American Roadside in Émigré Literature, Film, and Photography 1955–1985 - Google Books (pg.157)
  156. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Film Sequels: Theory and Practice from Hollywood to Bollywood - Google Books (ch."Adventures in Indiewood")
  157. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "BFI|Sight & Sound|Boys' Own Stories". Archived from the original on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  158. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The 15 Best Miramax Films - Film School Rejects
  159. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n 5 Indie Films From The 90s That Are Way Underrated (& 5 That Are Overrated) - Screen Rant
  160. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p More Movies You Probably Forgot Were Indies - SAGIndie
  161. ^ House of Bamboo - Trailers From Hell
  162. ^ Calling all Samuel Fuller fans: You need a copy of “Forty Guns”|High-Def Watch
  163. ^ a b Review: Curtis Harrington's Night Tide on Kino Lorber Blu-ray - Slant Magazine
  164. ^ a b Classic Thrills & Late-Night Chills on Tap for 'Freaky Fridays' at the Film Society - Film at Lincoln Center
  165. ^ a b Why the 'King of Underrated Movies' Returned to Hollywood - Esquire
  166. ^ a b c d e f g h The 10 Most Underrated American Independent Films of The 1990s - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  167. ^ a b c Wes Anderson, tone and the quirky sensibility: New Review of Film and Television Studies Volume 10, 2012 - Issue 1: Wes Anderson and Co.
  168. ^ a b c d e f g h Vinyl Noise and Narrative in CD-Era Indiewood - Indy Vinyl
  169. ^ Sofia Coppola: A Cinema of Girlhood - Offscreen
  170. ^ Sofia Coppola Wins Best Director at 2017 Cannes|Hypebae
  171. ^ a b c d Underrated Horror Movies of the 1950s, Ranked - MovieWeb
  172. ^ a b The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters - DVD Drive-In
  173. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u History of the Sundance Film Festival (Part 5) - Sundance Guiide
  174. ^ a b c d The Whale Crosses $10 Million at Box Office, Brendan Fraser Hit - Variety
  175. ^ Kevin Smith claims Harvey Weinstein is keeping Dogma 'hostage' – Film Stories
  176. ^ a b c d e f On the Borders: Children's Horror and Indiewood Animation|Contemporary Hollywood Animation: Style, Storytelling, Culture and Ideology Since the 1990s|Oxford Academic (Pages 144–177)
  177. ^ Indie Cinema and the Neoliberal Commodification of Creative Labor - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  178. ^ a b c d e f g h The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  179. ^ a b c Indiewood and Improvisation|Robert Altman's Soundtracks: Film, Music, and Sound from M*A*S*H to A Prairie Home Companion|Oxford Academic
  180. ^ a b Ranking Paul Thomas Anderson's films from worst to best|Far Out Magazine
  181. ^ 'Juno' Laid Low by Success - The New York Times
  182. ^ Reefer Madness: an undeserved classic movie - Hall - 2021 - Addiction - Wiley Online Library
  183. ^ Macdonald, Moira (October 27, 2021). "A 20-year-old made a movie in Seattle in the 1930s. This week, it finally makes its TV debut". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
  184. ^ a b c An indie film lover's dream: Filmzie is an ode to movie buffs (and it's free) - CQ Australia
  185. ^ Five - Trailers From Hell
  186. ^ 'Emotion' filmmaker Fuller gets his due - SFGATE
  187. ^ Bride of the Monster - Trailers From Hell
  188. ^ The Blob - Trailers From Hell
  189. ^ "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1959 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  190. ^ "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1960 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  191. ^ REEL BROOKLYN: BLAST OF SILENCE, EAST NEW YORK - Brooklyn Magazine
  192. ^ BLAST OF SILENCE - American Cinematheque
  193. ^ NIGHT TIDE (1961) | Official Trailer | MUBI Curated by Hedi Slimane - MUBI on YouTube
  194. ^ Something Wild - Harvard Film Archive
  195. ^ Tribeca Festival : Review / The Wild One, A Magnificent Documentary Where Life And Craft Resound Social Justice Consciousness- Cinema Daily US
  196. ^ INDIE HORROR MEETS WORLD CINEMA IN THE CULT 'CARNIVAL OF SOULS'|PopMatters
  197. ^ How Obscure Horror Film 'Carnival of Souls' Influenced Everything You've Ever Seen - No Film School
  198. ^ 'Carnival of Souls' Proves the Shocking Allure of Indie Horror - Hollywood in Toto
  199. ^ Carnival of Souls - Trailers From Hell
  200. ^ Jim Henson: Before Happytime Murders, Muppet creator told edgy stories - Polygon
  201. ^ "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1966 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  202. ^ Huh?: An A-Z of why Classic American Bad Movies Were Made - Google Books
  203. ^ a b The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Spider Baby")
  204. ^ a b c d e f g h i j 10 Indie Movies That Became Pop Culture Hits|Collider
  205. ^ The Last Picture Show - Trailers From Hell
  206. ^ Putney Swope - Trailers From Hell
  207. ^ a b "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1970 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  208. ^ Joe - Trailers From Hell
  209. ^ a b The Criterion Channel's June 2022 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  210. ^ a b c d e f Social History of the United States - Google Books (pg.232)
  211. ^ Carnival of Souls: "Thinkin' Like That, Don't It Give You Nightmares?"|Current|The Criterion Collection
  212. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Altered Reality")
  213. ^ The British Film Industry in the 1970s - Google Books (pg.40)
  214. ^ a b To Sleep With Anger - Blueprint: Review
  215. ^ Girlfriends review – a lo-fi indie miracle about love and the city|Movies|The Guardian
  216. ^ Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids - Google Books (pg.49)
  217. ^ MSP Film Society|WonderWomen: The Works of Suzan Pitt
  218. ^ Atlantic City (1981) - filmsite.org
  219. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orpahn Films|Oscars.org (title: "Pioneering Women")
  220. ^ a b America on Film - Google Books (pg.158)
  221. ^ Film Fourm · THE ATOMIC CAFE
  222. ^ "The Atomic Café" – Reflecting on the 40th Anniversary of the Acclaimed Documentary|Under the Radar Magazine
  223. ^ ‘Bloody Bridget’ Exclusive Trailer – Richard Elfman Unleashes His Valentine Vampire! - Bloody Disgusting
  224. ^ Liquid Sky|Quad Cinema
  225. ^ AFI|Catalog - The Secret of NIMH
  226. ^ The Secret of NIMH: 40 Years Of Don Bluth's Magic - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  227. ^ The Real Indies: A Close Look at Orphan Films|Oscars.org (title: "Visions of New York")
  228. ^ BAM|Les Blank Program
  229. ^ Here's Hoping Alex Cox's Repo Man Sequel Isn't One Big Circle Jerk|Tor.com
  230. ^ Repo Man|Quad Cinema
  231. ^ Undercover Indies: How ‘The Breakfast Club’ Went Small-Scale and Created a Cult Classic - Film Independent
  232. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Viewpoint: Victory for 'indiewood' at the Oscars?
  233. ^ The 35th Anniversary of "The Brave Little Toaster"|Cartoon Research
  234. ^ THE BRAVE LITTLE TOASTER (1987) (***)|Animation World Network
  235. ^ The Glorious, Good-Natured Mess of Miami Connection|Den of Geek
  236. ^ Extra terror, hold the gore: 8 truly scary PG-13 horror movies|A.V. Club
  237. ^ a b c Movie Musings... Indiewood - Impact Magazine
  238. ^ a b c d e f The Cinema of Wes Anderson - Bringing Nostalgia to Life - Google Books (Chapter Two - "Wes Anderson: His Position in Cinema and Culture")
  239. ^ a b c d e f g h The Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  240. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q 21 Highly Underrated ‘90s Indie Movies - MovieWeb
  241. ^ Undercover Indies: The Unlikely Origin Story of 1990’s ‘Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles’ - Film Independent
  242. ^ a b Review: 'Take Shelter' A Naturalistic, Novelistic Portrayal Of Madness & Apocalypse|IndieWire
  243. ^ Bloomsbury Collections - Indiewood, USA - Where Hollywood meets Independent Cinema
  244. ^ The Paris Review - Robin Williams's Best Role
  245. ^ Gas, Food Lodging - Trailers From Hell
  246. ^ a b c d Rural Crimewave - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  247. ^ a b c d e f g A Brief History of the Sundance Film Festival - TIME
  248. ^ Undercover Indies: Why ‘Dumb and Dumber’ is Smarter (and More Indie) Than You Think - Film Independent
  249. ^ a b c d Chris Gore's Ultimate Film Festival Survival Guide, 4th Edition - Google Books (pg.222)
  250. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k CNN.com - Independent films move into spotlight - Aug 9, 2005
  251. ^ Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie: The Oral History|A.V. Club
  252. ^ a b c d e f g h The 50 Best Indie Movies of All-Time - A Good Movie To Watch
  253. ^ What is indie cinema?|Movies|The Guardian
  254. ^ The hilarious connection between The Rolling Stones and 'The Big Lebowski|Far Out Magazine
  255. ^ a b c d e Going Mainstream - A Companion to American Indie Film - Wiley Online Library
  256. ^ a b The sounds of sincerity|2|Hearing post-irony in Indiewood film|Timothy B. Cochran on Taylor & Francis eBooks, Reference Books and Collections
  257. ^ CNN - The Biggest indie film ever made: 'Phantom Menace' - May 31, 1999
  258. ^ Undercover Indies: How ‘Spirited Away’ Inspires Animators and Embodies Independent Spirit - Film Independent
  259. ^ Roto-Synchresis: Relationships between Body and Voice in Rotoshop Animation - Database for Animation Studies
  260. ^ 'Indie'|Far From Heaven|Edinbourgh Scholarship Online|Oxford Academic
  261. ^ a b 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 4 - Taste of Cinema
  262. ^ a b 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Page 5 - Taste of Cinema
  263. ^ a b Amazon.com: Mad Eyed Misfits: Writings on Indie Animation
  264. ^ 15 Reasons To Get Excited About The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Revival - Screen Rant
  265. ^ a b c Away We Go with the Films of Sam Mendes - That Shelf
  266. ^ Review: Silver City - Slant Magazine
  267. ^ Scenes From Independent Film Week: Incentives, Acting, and Mixing At The IFP Market|IndieWire
  268. ^ Indie box office: "Juno" slammo!|Salon.com
  269. ^ a b Christian Movies: Why Faith-Based Films Hurt Religion - Thrillist
  270. ^ a b 10 Great Inde Movies You May Have Missed - Page 3 - Taste of Cinema
  271. ^ a b c d e Former teen idol stars in religious 'Fireproof,' 2008's highest-grossing indie film - Santa Rosa Press Democrat
  272. ^ Doc Soup: The Sundance Cycle|Doc Soup|POV Blog|PBS
  273. ^ Beyond the Multiplex|Salon.com
  274. ^ Undercover Indies: Kathryn Bigelow’s ‘The Hurt Locker’ Blows Up Awards-Season Expectations - Film Independent
  275. ^ It's Hollywood vs. Indiewood at Sundance 2010|The Star
  276. ^ 10 Great Indie Movies You May Have Missed - Taste of Cinema
  277. ^ Watch: Insanely Weird Trailer for 'Beyond The Black Rainbow' Sci-Fi|FirstShowing.net
  278. ^ (Interview) 'Beyond the Black Rainbow' Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Sci-Fi Indie, 'Prometheus,' 'The Shining' & More - The Film Stage
  279. ^ a b Simon Says: The Marketing of a Mass-Released LGBTQ Film - Playback
  280. ^ Indie Focus: 'The Color Wheel' finally rolls into theaters - Los Angeles Times
  281. ^ Pariah Wins Acceptance In Indie Film World - Wall Street Journal
  282. ^ The Indie Film Corner: 'Take Shelter' - The Island News
  283. ^ 5 Reasons to Check Out the Indie Film 'Middle of Nowhere' - Essence
  284. ^ 'Middle of Nowhere' review: Quiet indie drama offers a look at a woman in limbo|Movies/TV|nola.com
  285. ^ 'Listen Up Philip' movie review: Uneven dramatic comedy gives Jason Schwartzman a role to sink his teeth into|Movies/TV|nola.com
  286. ^ LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION! PRODUCTION: BIOGRAPHIES|Oscars.org
  287. ^ The best animation of 2016|Sight & Sound|BFI
  288. ^ a b c d e 'I, Tonya', Other Awards Contenders Keep Indie Box Office Alive Against 'Star Wars'|The Wrap
  289. ^ a b Indie Focus: Outsiders abound in 'The Shape of Water', 'I, Tonya', 'Foxtrot' and 'Bombshell' - Los Angeles Times
  290. ^ 'The Star' Is Sony's Weakest Animation Launch Ever; 'Loving Vincent Is An Indie Hit|Cartoon Brew
  291. ^ 'I Lost My Body' Review -- Variety Critic's Pick - Variety
  292. ^ Oscars: Can Netflix's French Dark Horse 'I Lost My Body' Upset The Big Guns In The Animated Feature Race? – Exclusive Featurette - Deadline
  293. ^ Indie Focus: Turmoil in the French suburbs in ‘Les Misérables’ - Los Angeles Times
  294. ^ Cryptozoo is animated chaos for the indie-film crowd - The Globe and Mail
  295. ^ Indie Film: Fantastical creatures populate the what-if world of 'Cryptozoo' - Portland Press Herald
  296. ^ a b Animation Legend Bill Plympton on How Pixar Has Fostered a Current 'Second Golden Age of Animation'|IndieWire
  297. ^ Over the Borderline - Critic's Notebook
  298. ^ 6 Indie And Foreign Animated Features Building Buzz For Oscars 2022|Cartoon Brew
  299. ^ How real-world magic graces the making of Clifton Collins Jr.’s ‘Jockey’ - Los Angeles Times
  300. ^ Indie Film Series: Summer of Soul - Sun Journal Events
  301. ^ Indie Prof: "The Rescue" and "Summer of Soul"|Front Porch
  302. ^ 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Crosses $20M, Reignites Indie Cinema. - Deadline
  303. ^ Sara Dosa on 'Fire Of Love': "This forced me to work and think in a completely different way"|Features|Screen Daily
  304. ^ A24 Has Another Indie Hit, As 'Marcel The Shell' Slides Into Top 10 – Specialty Box Office - Deadline
  305. ^ 'Marcel the Shell With Shoes On' Director Explains What It Took to Pull Off One of the Year's Most Charming Movies|The Wrap
  306. ^ Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' and 'Turning Red' Lead the Nominations for the 50th Annie Awards 2023 - Hollywood Insider
  307. ^ A brief, and somewhat shocking, history of adult animation|The A.V. Club

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