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((More citations needed|date=January 2009))
((Infobox Radar 
|name        = P-70 Radar
|image       = 
|caption     = 
|country     = ((flagcountry|Soviet Union)) 
|introdate   = 1968
|number      = 11
|type        = Early Warning
|frequency   = VHF
|range       = 2300 km
|altitude    = 160 km
|diameter    = 
|azimuth     = 360 degrees
|elevation   = 20 degrees
|precision   = 
|power       = 17 MW 20 kW average
))

The '''P-70''' or "Lena-M" was a static 2D [[VHF]] [[radar]] developed and operated by the former [[Soviet Union]].

==Development==
The P-70 early warning radar started development in 1960<ref name="BKO">((cite web |url=http://www.vko.ru/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.aspx?tabID=320&ItemID=87&mid=2891&wversion=Staging |script-title=ru:Страж советского неба |language=ru |access-date=2009-01-08 |date=2003–2009 |publisher=Воздушно-космическая оборона |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228093725/http://www.vko.ru/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.aspx?tabID=320&ItemID=87&mid=2891&wversion=Staging |archive-date=2008-02-28 |url-status=dead ))</ref> and was completed in 1968 when the radar completed state testing and was accepted into service.<ref name="NNIIRT">((cite web |url=http://www.nniirt.ru/ |title=Nizhniy novgorod research institute of radio engineering |access-date=2009-01-08 |year=2008 |publisher=NNIIRT ))</ref> The purpose of the radar was to provide long-range early warning of aircraft over the vast territory of the Soviet Union in support of long-range missile batteries. The P-70 was developed by the SKB Design Bureau, a division of State Plant No. 197 named after [[Lenin|V.I.Lenin]], the predecessor of the current [[NNIIRT|Nizhniy Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering]] (NNIIRT).<ref name="NNIIRT"/> The P-70 had a production run of 11<ref name="VHF">((cite journal |author=A. Zachepitsky |title=VHF (Metric Band) Radars from Nizhny Novgorod Research Radiotechnical Institute | journal=IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine |issue=June |pages=9–14 |year=2000 |volume=15 |doi=10.1109/62.847925 ))</ref> radar units which were deployed to many different regions within the Soviet Union including [[Estonia]], Kotlas, [[Lithuania]] and Rybachy Peninsula in the north-west, Kerch, the North-East Bank and [[Azerbaijan]] in the south, [[Mongolia]] and Russian Island in the east and Anadyr in the north-east.<ref name="BKO"/>

==Description==
The P-70 radar was designed as a static structure mounted on a two-story building which housed the radar and power supply equipment as well as facilities for the radar operators.

Additional support facilities could be operated up to 2&nbsp;km from the radar building.<ref name="BKO"/>

The radar used a single large antenna accomplishing both [[Transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] and reception with a surface area of 850 m<sup>2</sup> and with dimensions of 48 by 25 meters.<ref name="BKO"/> The antenna was of the open-frame truncated [[Parabolic antenna|parabolic]] variety and was scanned mechanically in azimuth using [[hydraulics]].

P-70 radars were dual-channel, with the antenna working in both horizontal and vertical [[Polarization (waves)|polarization]]. The radar was one of the first mass-produced radars to use [[pulse compression]].<ref name="VHF"/> The use of these techniques gave the P-70 excellent resolution (by a factor of 10 compared with the [[P-14 radar|P-14]]<ref name="BKO"/>) at long range, as well providing protection against active and passive interference. The radar operated on two frequencies, 140&nbsp;MHz to observe low-altitude targets (aircraft and missiles) and 70&nbsp;MHz to observe high-altitude targets (satellites). The P-70 also used a fully coherent transmitter and an [[Moving target indication|MTI]] system capable of compensating for wind and other forms of passive interference such as chaff. Overall, the P-70 managed to achieve a low false alarm rate.<ref name="BKO"/>

==Operators==
The P-70 radar was operated by the Soviet Union from 1968. The radars were not exported and are believed to be no longer in operation.<ref name="VHF"/>

*((flagcountry|Soviet Union)) - Passed to successor states.

==See also==
*[[List of radars]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.nniirt.ru/ NNIIRT] 

((Russian and Soviet military designation sequences))((Soviet and Russian radars|state=expanded))
[[Category:Soviet military radars]]
[[Category:Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]

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