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The Coffee Portal

Introduction

A cup of black coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the Coffea genus. From the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. The seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee.

Coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. It may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. A commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with Dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis).

Clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption reduces the risk of some diseases, although some of the long-term studies are of questionable credibility. (Full article...)

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Most coffee wars for consumer market share involve the largest coffeehouse, Starbucks, pictured here in 2016.

Coffee wars, sometimes referred to as caffeine wars, involve a variety of sales and marketing tactics by coffeehouse chains and espresso machine manufacturers to increase brand and consumer market share. In North America belligerents in these wars typically include large coffeehouses, such as Starbucks, Dunkin', McDonald's, and Tim Hortons. According to The Economist, the largest coffee war of the late 2000s was between Starbucks and McDonalds in the United States. The U.S. market has, since the early 2010s, been primarily contested by its two largest players, Starbucks and Dunkin'. Since 2020, competition over the Chinese coffee market has intensified between Starbucks and Luckin Coffee.

Periods of low economic activity and business recessions – which contribute to diminished consumer demand – have been linked to an increase in coffee wars. Major innovations in the coffee industry, particularly the advent of single-serve espresso pods, have lowered the market's barrier to entry. Although store count has been traditionally seen as gauging market share, both firms and analysts have incorporated revenue, balance sheets, organic growth, operating margin, and stock market performance as comparable indicators. (Full article...)

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History of coffee Coffee bean Instant coffee Coffee culture Espresso Coffee production in India Pedrocchi Café Economics of coffee Espresso machine Coffee production in Thailand Turkish coffee Bica (coffee) World Barista Championship UTZ Certified Organic coffee Coffee cupping IperEspresso Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè sospeso Coffeehouse Black Gold (2006 film) Coffee: A Dark History ISSpresso Juan Valdez Maraba coffee Ludwig Roselius Alfred Peet Luigi Lavazza J. A. Folger Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki George Washington (inventor) Coffee production in Colombia Decaffeination Coffee percolator Angelo Moriondo CoffeeFest Fair trade coffee Shade-grown coffee Coffea arabica Starbucks Neapolitan flip coffee pot Peet's Coffee Coffee roasting French press Maxwell House Kona coffee Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Coffee production in Hawaii Benguet coffee Kapeng barako Sagada coffee Coffea canephora Kahawa Sug Moka pot Single-serve coffee container Bikini barista Alfonso Bialetti Caffè Florian illy Coffea liberica Coffee production in Sri Lanka International Coffee Day Coffee in world cultures OldTown White Coffee Coffee cup Coffee vending machine Coffee production in Brazil Coffee wastewater Home roasting coffee Coffee production in Ethiopia Coffee production in the Philippines Coffee sniffers Coffee cake Coffee production in Vietnam Black Ivory Coffee Keurig Second Cup Yit Foh Tenom Coffee Juan Valdez Café Death Wish Coffee Costa Coffee Luckin Coffee Dunkin' Donuts Coffee table book Caffeine World Coffee Producers Forum Starmaya coffee Coffee production in Jamaica A Twosome Place English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries Criticism of Starbucks Café Procope Coffee in Japan

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 2Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 3Storyteller (meddah) at a coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire. The first coffeehouses appeared in the Islamic world in the 15th century. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 4An espresso by the glass in Trieste - in the local dialect "Nero in B". (from Coffee culture)
Image 5A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 6A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 7Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, overall: 19.2 x 17.6 x 10.8 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 8Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 9Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 10Café Mélange, Vienna (from Coffeehouse)
Image 11A coffee shop in Angeles City, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 12Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 13Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 14A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 15A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London. (from History of coffee)
Image 16A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 17Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 18Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 19Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture)
Image 20The word coffee in various European languages. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 21Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 22Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 23A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 24Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 25Family in Söderhamn, Sweden seated for fika around 1916. (from Coffee culture)
Image 26Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 27Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items (from Coffeehouse)
Image 28Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 29Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 30Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 31Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia is considered the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 32The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857).
(Ottoman quarters in Cairo, Egypt)
Image 33Cafés in central Tirana in 2017 (from Coffee culture)
Image 34Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 35On-campus coffeehouse at Pensacola Christian College (from Coffeehouse)
Image 36Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 37Café Kampela, Helsinki (from Coffeehouse)
Image 38Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 39A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 40A coffee cafè at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 41Working on a laptop at a café/coffee house (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 42Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 43Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 44The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 45Ottoman miniature of a meddah performing at a coffeehouse (from Coffeehouse)
Image 46Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 47The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers (from Coffeehouse)
Image 48A café in a former church, Utrecht (from Coffeehouse)
Image 4918th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 50Trieste from where the cappuccino spread. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 51Roadside cafe on the summer terrace. Buryatia, Russia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 52Café neon sign in Breda (from Coffeehouse)
Image 53Hints on coffee making, by Louise Markscheffel, 1897 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 54Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 55Coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 56kaffa kalid coffeepot, by François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, height: 29.5 cm, width with handle: 30.5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from History of coffee)
Image 57Woman drinks coffee in New York (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 58Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)
Image 59In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 60Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 61Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 62Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 63A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 64Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, thenewspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 65A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)

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... that plantations on the mountains in Alto Paraguay Department close to Asunción proved viable for coffee production in Paraguay?

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Galão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɐ.ˈlɐ̃w̃]) is a hot drink from Portugal made by adding foamed milk to espresso coffee. Similar to caffè latte or café au lait, it consists of about one quarter coffee and three quarters foamed milk. It is served in a tall glass, as opposed to the smaller garoto that is served in a demitasse. When the proportion is 1:1 it is called meia de leite (half of milk) and it comes in a cup. (Full article...)

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Latte Caffè mocha Coffee milk Irish coffee Bicerin Dalgona coffee Indian filter coffee Frappé coffee Nitro cold brew coffee Barbajada Yuenyeung Coffee substitute Caffè Americano Lungo Flat white Ristretto Mazagran (drink) Tenom coffee Cappuccino Café con leche Caffè crema Cuban espresso Café Touba Caffè corretto Brewed coffee Iced coffee Coffee cabinet Cortado Ipoh white coffee Marocchino Doppio Vietnamese iced coffee Raf Coffee

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Caffè corretto

Credit: Takumi Yoshida

Caffè corretto is an Italian beverage that consists of a shot of espresso with a shot of liquor, usually grappa, and sometimes sambuca or brandy.

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Did you know (auto-generated)

... that six years before releasing Total Freedom, Kathleen Edwards quit creating music and opened a coffee shop called Quitters?
... that the scale insect Saissetia coffeae attacks many other plants besides coffee?
... that hosts of the passionvine bug include coffee, citrus, mung bean, squash, and mango?
... that sniffing for coffee was once a highly paid job?
... that Monmouth Coffee Company in Covent Garden was one of the foundations for the third wave of coffee in London?
... that during the October 1980 West Nile campaign, rebels were initially hailed as "liberators", only for them to start looting coffee?
... that the Chronicle of the 20th Century was so heavy that it was said to be "the first coffee table book seriously to threaten the well-being of coffee-tables"?
... that the short story collection Drinking Coffee Elsewhere was chosen by John Updike as a selection for the Today Show book club on NBC?

Topics

v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third wave of coffee	Coffee portal
Production	Coffee production List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Percolator Turkish coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Café corretto Café crema Caffè macchiato Café mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raph coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony CoffeeCon Coffee culture Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Fika Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr Roasted grain drink
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee service Coffee leaf rust Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment Canned coffee Coffee vending machine Used coffee grounds
Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo East Timor Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Types of coffeehouses
Café Book café (Manga cafe Manhwabang) Cafe church Café Philosophique Cat café Cosplay restaurant (Maid café Butler café) Internet café (PC bang) Dabang (Korea) Kafana Kissaten Konditorei Kopi tiam Mamak stall Meikyoku kissa No-pan kissa Ottoman coffeehouse Parisian café Penny University Socrates Cafe Sidewalk cafe Utagoe coffeehouse Viennese coffee house

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915