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((Short description|American politician and commentator (born 1958)))
((Redirect|Santorum|the slang term|Campaign for the neologism "santorum"))
((pp-move|small=yes))
((Use American English|date = April 2019))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2012))
((Infobox officeholder
|name         = Rick Santorum
|image        = Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 12.jpg
|caption = Santorum in 2017
|office       = [[Chairman of the United States Senate Republican Conference|Chair of the Senate Republican Conference]]
|leader       = [[Trent Lott]]<br>[[Bill Frist]]
|term_start   = January 3, 2001
|term_end     = January 3, 2007
|predecessor  = [[Connie Mack III]]
|successor    = [[Jon Kyl]]
|jr/sr1       = United States Senator
|state1       = [[Pennsylvania]]
|term_start1  = January 3, 1995
|term_end1    = January 3, 2007
|predecessor1 = [[Harris Wofford]]
|successor1   = [[Bob Casey Jr.]]
|state2       = [[Pennsylvania]]
|district2    = ((ushr|PA|18|18th))
|term_start2  = January 3, 1991
|term_end2    = January 3, 1995
|predecessor2 = [[Doug Walgren]]
|successor2   = [[Mike Doyle (American politician)|Mike Doyle]]
|birth_name   = Richard John Santorum
|birth_date   = ((birth date and age|1958|5|10))
|birth_place  = [[Winchester, Virginia]], U.S.
|death_date   = 
|death_place  = 
|party        = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|spouse       = ((marriage|Karen Garver|1990))
|children     = 8
|education    = [[Pennsylvania State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Pittsburgh]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])<br>[[Pennsylvania State University - Dickinson Law|Dickinson School of Law]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
|signature    = Rick Santorum signature.png
|website      = ((official URL))
|module       = ((Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Sen. Rick Santorum on the September 11 Attacks.ogg|title=Rick Santorum's voice|type=speech|description=Rick Santorum on necessary actions after the [[September 11 attacks]]<br/>Recorded September 12, 2001))
))
'''Richard John Santorum Sr.''' (((IPAc-en|s|æ|n|'|t|oʊr|ə|m)) ((Respell|san|TOR|əm)); born May 10, 1958) is an American politician, attorney, author, and political commentator who represented [[Pennsylvania]] in the [[United States Senate]] from 1995 to 2007. He was the Senate's [[Chairman of the United States Senate Republican Conference|third-ranking Republican]] during the final six years of his tenure. He also [[Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign|ran unsuccessfully]] for [[President of the United States]] in the [[2012 Republican Party presidential primaries|2012 Republican primaries]], finishing second to [[Mitt Romney]].

Santorum was elected to the [[United States Senate]] from Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his [[2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|2006 reelection bid]]. A [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], Santorum is a [[Social conservatism in the United States|social conservative]] who opposes abortion and [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]] and embraced a cultural warrior image during his Senate tenure. While serving as a senator, Santorum authored the [[Santorum Amendment]], which would have promoted the teaching of [[intelligent design]]. He was a leading sponsor of the 2003 federal law known as the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]].

In the years following his departure from the Senate, Santorum has worked as a consultant, private practice lawyer, and news contributor. He ran for the [[2012 Republican Party presidential primaries|Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election]]. Before suspending his campaign on April 10, 2012, Santorum exceeded expectations by winning 11 [[United States presidential primary|primaries and caucuses]] and receiving nearly four million votes, making him the runner-up to eventual nominee [[Mitt Romney]]. Santorum ran for president again in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], but ended his campaign in February 2016 after a poor showing in the [[2016 Iowa Republican caucuses|Iowa caucuses]]. In January 2017, he became a [[CNN]] senior [[Pundit|political commentator]]. However, he was terminated from his contract with CNN in May 2021 due to comments he made about Native Americans a few weeks prior which were deemed "dismissive".<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/22/business/media/rick-santorum-cnn.html|title=CNN Drops Rick Santorum After Dismissive Comments About Native Americans|date=May 22, 2021|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=May 23, 2021))</ref>
((TOC limit|3))

==Early life and education==
Richard John Santorum was born in [[Winchester, Virginia]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://washington.cbslocal.com/2012/01/31/gop-candidate-rick-santorums-daughter-hospitalized-in-virginia/|title=GOP Candidate Rick Santorum's Daughter Hospitalized In Virginia|date=January 31, 2012|publisher=[[CBS]]|access-date=February 19, 2012))</ref> He is the second of the three children of Aldo Santorum (1923–2011), a [[clinical psychologist]] who immigrated to the United States at age seven from [[Riva del Garda|Riva]], [[Trentino]], [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]],<ref name="legacy1"/> and Catherine (Dughi) Santorum (1918–2019), an administrative nurse<ref name="legacy1"/><ref name="patownhall"/><ref name="psychologist"/> who was of [[Italian American|Italian]] and [[Irish American|Irish]] ancestry.<ref name="mother's descent"/>

Santorum grew up in [[Berkeley County, West Virginia]], and [[Butler County, Pennsylvania]]. In West Virginia, his family lived in an apartment provided by the [[U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Administration]].<ref>((cite news|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 26, 2012|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gop-culture-war-20120227,0,2611211.story|author=Paul West|title=Santorum and Romney fight their own class war in Michigan))</ref> Santorum attended elementary school at [[Butler Catholic School]] and then went on to [[Butler Senior High School]].  He was nicknamed "Rooster", supposedly for both a [[cowlick]] strand of hair and an assertive nature, particularly on important political issues.<ref>((cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Who Is Rick Santorum?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/01/who-is-rick-santorum/250740/|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=[[The Atlantic]]|date=January 2, 2012)) quoting a 2005 article: ((cite news|last=Newall|first=Mike|title=The Path of the Righteous Man: How Rick Santorum became the nation's evangelical poster boy|url=http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2005-09-29/cover.shtml|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=Philadelphia CityPaper|date=October 5, 2005|quote=Everybody called him "Rooster" because of a strand of hair on the back of his head which stood up, and because of his competitive, in-your-face attitude. 'He would debate anything and everything with you, mostly sports,' says Goettler. 'He was like a rooster. He never backed down.(('-))|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123055215/http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2005-09-29/cover.shtml|archive-date=January 23, 2012|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref name="long on substance"/><ref name="Magnet"/><ref name="20things"/> After his parents transferred to the [[Naval Station Great Lakes]] in northern Illinois, Santorum attended the Roman Catholic [[Carmel High School (Mundelein, Illinois)|Carmel High School]] in [[Mundelein, Illinois]], for one year, graduating in 1976.<ref name="political alumni"/>

Santorum attended [[Pennsylvania State University]] for his undergraduate studies, serving as chairman of the university's [[College Republicans]] chapter and graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree with honors in [[political science]] in 1980.<ref>((cite web|title=Santorum to visit Penn State|url=http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2011/08/26/santorum_to_visit_penn_state.aspx|last=Murray|first=Michael|date=August 26, 2011|work=The Daily Collegian|access-date=February 14, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602071353/http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2011/08/26/santorum_to_visit_penn_state.aspx|archive-date=June 2, 2013|df=mdy-all))</ref> While at Penn State, Santorum joined the [[Tau Epsilon Phi]] [[fraternity]].<ref name=fratbro1>((cite news|last=Cherkis|first=Jason|title=Rick Santorum's Frat Brothers Perplexed By Claims Of Cultural Oppression|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/01/rick-santorum-frat_n_1312924.html|access-date=June 30, 2012|newspaper=[[HuffPost]]|date=March 5, 2012))</ref> He then completed a one-year [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A.]] program at the [[University of Pittsburgh]]'s [[Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business]], graduating in 1981.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/us/at-a-glance-rick-santorum.html?_r=0 New York Times At a Glance: Rick Santorum] October 1, 2011</ref> In 1986, Santorum received a [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] degree with honors from [[Penn State Dickinson Law|Dickinson School of Law]].<ref name="pa manual"/>

==Early career==
Santorum first became actively involved in politics in the 1970s through volunteering for Senator [[H. John Heinz III|John Heinz]], a Republican from Pennsylvania.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/26/rick-santorum-conservative_n_1300434.html|title=Rick Santorum: A Conservative Who Once Defended Labor Unions, Gays In Military, Art Funding|work=[[HuffPost]]|access-date=March 9, 2012|first=Jason|last=Cherkis|date=February 26, 2012))</ref> Additionally, while in law school, Santorum was an administrative assistant to Republican state senator [[Doyle Corman]], serving as Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Senate Local Government Committee from 1981 to 1984, then Executive Director of the Senate Transportation Committee.<ref name="pa manual"/>

After graduating, Santorum was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar and practiced law for four years at the Pittsburgh law firm Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, a firm known for raising political candidates and lobbyists (later named [[K&L Gates]]). As an associate, he successfully lobbied on behalf of the [[World Wrestling Federation]] to deregulate professional wrestling, arguing that it should be exempt from federal [[anabolic steroid]] regulations because it was entertainment, not a sport.<ref>((cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/rick-santorum-mr-bipartisan-compromise-and-mr-pro-wrestling/|title=Rick Santorum, Mr. Bipartisan Compromise – and Mr. Pro Wrestling?|work=[[ABC News]]|date=January 4, 2012|first=Jake|last=Tapper|access-date=February 12, 2012))</ref><ref name="11 things">((cite news|title=11 Things You Might Not Know About Rick Santorum|first=Molly|last=Ball|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/45873944/ns/politics-decision_2012/t/things-you-might-not-know-about-santorum/#.W-JgmpNKiUk|access-date=November 6, 2018|date=January 2, 2012))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=Conn. race a body slam – with Pa. ties: GOP Senate hopefuls rise got boost from Santorum.|author=Fitzgerald, Thomas|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=October 22, 2010|page=A.1))</ref> Santorum left his private law practice in 1990 after his election to the House of Representatives.

==U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1995)==
[[File:Representatives Rick Santorum, Frank Riggs and John Boehner.jpg|thumb|Representative Santorum in 1991. Representatives [[Frank Riggs]] and [[John Boehner]] stand behind him.]]
Having been groomed by Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, Santorum decided Democratic congressman [[Doug Walgren]] was vulnerable, and took up residence in Walgren's district. Needing money and political support, he courted GOP activist and major donor [[Elsie Hillman]],<ref name="Hillman" /> the chair of the state Republican Party.<ref name="Hillman">((Cite journal |last1=Konigsberg |first1=Eric |year=1995 |title=A Funny Thing Happened On the Way To Santorum |journal=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |volume=86 |issue=12 |page=150 |publisher=[[Metrocorp]] |url=http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/PhillyMagSantorum.pdf |access-date=August 27, 2013))</ref>
In 1990, at age 32, Santorum was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] to represent [[Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district]], located in the eastern suburbs of [[Pittsburgh]]. He scored a significant upset in the heavily Democratic district, defeating seven-term [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] incumbent [[Doug Walgren]] by a 51%–49% margin.<ref name="news google 2"/> During his campaign Santorum repeatedly criticized Walgren for living outside the district for most of the year.<ref name="news google 3"/> Although the 18th District was [[Redistricting|redrawn]] for the 1992 elections, and the new district had a 3:1 ratio of registered Democrats to Republicans, Santorum still won reelection with 61% of the vote.<ref name="news google 4"/>

In 1993, Santorum was one of 17 House Republicans who sided with most Democrats to support legislation that prohibited employers from permanently replacing [[Strike action|striking]] employees.<ref name="pro labor"/> He also joined a minority of Republicans to vote against the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] that year.<ref>John Vaught LaBeaume (January 9, 2012)[http://campaign2012.washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/santorum-examiner-stands-93-nafta-nay/302866 "Santorum to Examiner: Stands by '93 NAFTA 'nay'"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210095501/http://campaign2012.washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/santorum-examiner-stands-93-nafta-nay/302866 |date=February 10, 2012 )) ''[[Washington Examiner]]''</ref> As a member of the [[Gang of Seven]], Santorum was involved in exposing members of Congress involved in the [[House banking scandal]].<ref>((cite news|last1=Toeplitz|first1=Shira|title=Santorum and Gingrich Share Complicated Past|url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_85/Santorum-and-Gingrich-Share-Complicated-Past-211813-1.htm|access-date=April 27, 2016|publisher=Roll Call|date=January 25, 2012))</ref>

==U.S. Senate (1995–2007)==
===Tenure===
[[File:Rick Santorum official photo.jpg|thumb|Senate portrait, 1995]]

Santorum served in the [[United States Senate]] representing Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007. From 2001 until 2007, he was the Senate's [[Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate|third-ranking Republican]].<ref name="fox news"/> He was first [[1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected to the Senate]] during the [[Republican Revolution|1994 Republican takeover]], narrowly defeating incumbent Democrat [[Harris Wofford]], 49% to 47%. The theme of Santorum's 1994 campaign signs was "Join the Fight!" During the race, he was considered an underdog, as his opponent was 32 years his senior.<ref name="politics news"/> He was [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2000|reelected in 2000]], defeating U.S. Congressman [[Ron Klink]] by a 52–46% margin. In his reelection bid of [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2006|2006]], he lost to Democrat [[Bob Casey, Jr.]]<ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120213184703/http://njtoday.net/2012/02/09/fact-check-is-santorum-the-biggest-senate-loser/ "Fact Check: Is Santorum the Biggest (Senate) Loser?"] ''NJ Today''. Retrieved February 12, 2012.</ref> by a 59–41% margin.

After his election to the Senate in 1994, Santorum sought to "practice what [he] preached" and hired five people for his staff who were on welfare, food stamps, or other government aid.<ref>Santorum, Rick. ''Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America that Works''. Regnery Publishing, 2014, p. 97.</ref>

In 1996, Santorum served as Chairman of the Republican Party Task Force on Welfare Reform, and contributed to legislation that became the [[Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act]]. Santorum was an author and the floor manager of the bill.<ref name="Fact Checker – Welfare reform">((cite news |last=Hicks |first=Josh |title=Rick Santorum and welfare reform (Fact Checker biography) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/rick-santorum-and-welfare-reform-fact-checker-biography/2012/01/12/gIQAmmUTtP_blog.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |department=The Fact Checker |access-date=December 15, 2013 |date=January 12, 2012))</ref>  In 1996, Santorum endorsed moderate Republican [[Arlen Specter]] in his short-lived campaign for president. Reporters have observed that though Santorum and Specter differed on social policy, Specter provided him with key political staff for his successful run in 1994.<ref name="post gazette"/>

The [[National Taxpayers Union]], a fiscal conservative organization, gave Santorum an "A−" score for his votes on fiscal issues, meaning that he was one of "the strongest supporters of responsible tax and spending policies" during his tenure, and ranked fifth in the group's rankings out of 50 senators who served at the same time.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/was-santorum-senate-spendthrift_629850.html |title=Was Santorum a Senate Spendthrift?|work=The Weekly Standard |date=February 15, 2012 |access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref>

===Legislative proposals===

====Religious freedom initiatives====
[[File:Bush signs Flight 93 National Memorial Act.jpg|thumb|Santorum, Sen. [[Arlen Specter]], and Rep. [[John Murtha]] watch President George&nbsp;W. Bush sign the [[Flight 93 National Memorial|Flight 93 National Memorial Act.]]]]
[[File:BushSignsHR6111Vitter.jpg|thumb|Santorum, at right, alongside seven other [[United States Congress|members of Congress]] and the [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] as President George W. Bush signs H.R. 6111, the [[Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006]]<ref name="Senate Religious Freedom Agenda">((cite web|title=Senate Religious Freedom Agenda|url=http://www.src.senate.gov/public/_files/graphics/ReligiousFreedomAgenda.pdf|publisher=The United States Senate|access-date=January 16, 2014))</ref>]]
In 2002, Santorum was a co-sponsor of that year's attempt to pass the [[Workplace Religious Freedom Act]] (WRFA).<ref name="2002 WRFA sponsors">((cite web|title=S.2572 – Workplace Religious Freedom Act of 2002|date=May 23, 2002|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/2572/cosponsors|publisher=The Library of Congress|access-date=December 15, 2013))</ref> The bill had first been introduced in the Senate by Senator [[John Kerry]] (D-MA) in 1996, having been introduced in the House by Rep. [[Jerrold Nadler]] (D-NY) in 1994. Although Santorum was in the Senate at the time, he was not a sponsor of the bill when it was introduced in 1996, or when it was reintroduced in 1997 and 1999.<ref name="WFRA 1996 Thomas">((cite web|title=Bill Summary & Status: 104th Congress (1995 – 1996) S.2071|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d104:s2071:|publisher=The Library of Congress (Thomas)|access-date=December 15, 2013|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d104:s2071:|url-status=dead))</ref><ref name="WFRA 1997 Senate Cosponsors">((cite web|title=S.1124 – Workplace Religious Freedom Act of 1997|date=October 21, 1997|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/senate-bill/1124/cosponsors|publisher=Congress.gov|access-date=December 15, 2013))</ref><ref name="WFRA 1999 Cosponsors">((cite web|title=Bill Summary & Status 106th Congress (1999 – 2000) S.1668 Cosponsors|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN01668:@@@P|publisher=The Library of Congress (Thomas)|access-date=December 15, 2013|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN01668:@@@P|url-status=dead))</ref> Once signed on as a co-sponsor, Santorum remained so throughout his tenure in the Senate.

Santorum founded the Congressional Working Group on Religious Freedom in 2003.<ref>((cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r109:FLD001:S51408 |title=Congressional Record – 109th Congress (2005-2006) – THOMAS (Library of Congress) |publisher=Thomas.loc.gov |date=February 16, 2006 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r109:FLD001:S51408 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE |pages=S1407–409 |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2006-02-16/pdf/CREC-2006-02-16-pt1-PgS1407-2.pdf#page=2 |date=February 16, 2006 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office))</ref> The group included members of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and met monthly to address issues such as the Workplace Religious Freedom Act, tax-exempt status for churches, the CARE act, international religious freedom, and [[antisemitism]].<ref name="Senate Religious Freedom Agenda"/>

====Teaching of evolution and intelligent design====
((Main|Santorum Amendment))
Santorum added to the 2001 [[No Child Left Behind]] bill a provision that would have provided more freedom to schools in teaching about the origins of life, including the teaching of the pseudoscience of [[intelligent design]] alongside [[evolution]].<ref name="wapostslevin"/><ref name="federal mandate"/> The bill, with the [[Santorum Amendment]] included, passed the Senate 91–8<ref name="wapostslevin"/><ref name="we'd like"/> and was hailed as a victory by intelligent design promoters,<ref name="fromthehill"/><ref name="kitzmiller_pg89"/><ref name="nejm"/><ref name=AAAS/> but before it became law, scientific and educational groups successfully urged its [[United States congressional conference committee|conference committee]] to strike the Santorum Amendment from the final version. Intelligent design supporters in Congress then preserved the language of the Santorum Amendment in the conference committee report of the bill's legislative history.<ref name="fromthehill"/><ref name="kitzmiller_pg89"/><ref name="nejm"/><ref name=AAAS/><ref name="no child"/> The [[Discovery Institute]] and other intelligent design proponents point to this report as "a clear endorsement by Congress of the importance of teaching a variety of scientific views about the theory of evolution."<ref name="intelligent design"/><ref name="language"/>

In 2002, Santorum called intelligent design "a legitimate scientific theory that should be taught in science classes",<ref name="illiberal"/> but by 2005 he had adopted the [[Teach the Controversy]] approach.<ref name="teach"/><ref name="intelligent judging"/> He told [[National Public Radio]], "I'm not comfortable with intelligent design being taught in the science classroom. What we should be teaching are the problems and holes ... in the theory of evolution."<ref name="it takes"/> Later that year, Santorum resigned from the advisory board of the Christian-rights [[Thomas More Law Center]] after the Center's lawyers lost a case representing a school board that had required the teaching of intelligent design.<ref name="breaks with"/> Santorum, who had previously supported the school board's policy, indicated he had not realized that certain members of the board had been motivated by religious beliefs.<ref name="breaks with"/> Santorum critics said he was backtracking from his earlier position because he was facing a tough reelection fight in 2006.<ref name="breaks with"/> When asked in November 2011 about his views on evolution, Santorum stated that he believes that evolution occurred on a tiny, [[microevolution|micro level]].<ref name="chris matthews"/>

====National Weather Service Duties Act====
((Main|National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005))
Santorum introduced the National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005,<ref name="adds"/><ref name="national weather"/> which aimed to prohibit the National Weather Service from releasing weather data to the public without charge where private-sector entities perform the same function commercially.<ref name="some gop"/> The [[Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association]] was organizing a lobbying effort in opposition to the legislation,<ref name="aopa"/> but it never passed committee.<ref name="aopa"/> The motivations for the bill were controversial, as employees of [[AccuWeather]], a commercial weather company based in Pennsylvania, donated $10,500 to Santorum and his PAC.<ref>((cite news|title=Election '06|work=The Sunday Patriot – News |location=Harrisburg, Pa|date=August 27, 2006|page=A02))</ref> The liberal advocacy group [[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]] cited the bill as one of several reasons for listing Santorum as one of its "most corrupt politicians".<ref name="20mostcorrupt"/> In support of the bill, Santorum criticized the National Weather Service in September 2005, saying its evacuation warnings for [[Hurricane Katrina]] were "insufficient".<ref name="some gop"/><ref>((cite news|title=Todd Dorman column|author=Dorman, Todd|work=The Gazette|location=Cedar Rapids, Iowa|date=January 2, 2012))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=Corruption Roll Call|work=Multinational Monitor|volume=27|issue=3|date=May–Jun 2006|pages=15–23))</ref>

===Foreign policy===
Santorum supports the [[War on Terror]] and shares the views of [[neoconservatives]] and the [[Bush Doctrine]] in regard to foreign policy. He felt the [[War in Iraq]] was justified and in 2006 declared that [[weapons of mass destruction]] (WMDs) had been found in Iraq. Santorum made the declaration regarding WMDs<ref name="wmdiraq"/> based in part on declassified portions of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.<ref name="iraqi chemical"/> The report stated that coalition forces had recovered approximately 500 weapons munitions that contain degraded or vacant [[mustard gas|mustard]] or [[sarin]] nerve agent casings. The specific weapons he referred to were chemical munitions dating back to the [[Iran–Iraq War]] that were buried in the early 1990s. The report stated that while agents had degraded to an unknown degree, they remained dangerous and possibly lethal.<ref name="wmdiraq" /> Officials of the Department of Defense, CIA intelligence analysts, and the White House have all explicitly stated that these expired casings were not part of the WMDs threat that the [[Iraq War]] was launched to contain.<ref name="lawmakers cite"/>

Santorum has said the war on terror can be won and is optimistic about U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan in the long term. He has defended the [[enhanced interrogation|treatment of prisoners]] in [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo Bay]], including [[waterboarding]], and stated that [[John McCain]], who opposes the practice, "doesn't understand how enhanced interrogation works."<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55140.html |title=Rick Santorum: John McCain wrong on torture |author=Juana Summers |work=[[Politico]] |date=May 17, 2011 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref><ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="mccain"/><ref>((cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/05/18/santorum-mccain-doesnt-understand-interrogation/ | work=[[Fox News]] | title=Santorum: McCain Doesn't Understand Interrogation | date=May 18, 2011 | access-date=May 13, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140000/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/05/18/santorum-mccain-doesnt-understand-interrogation/ | archive-date=September 24, 2015 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all ))</ref> Santorum called the War in Afghanistan "a very winnable operation" in 2012, dismissing efforts for withdrawal by 2014. He similarly criticized President Obama's foreign policy, saying he was "not focused on trying to win the war" in Afghanistan,<ref>((cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/santorum-hits-president-on-afghanistan-withdrawal-timeline/ |title=Santorum Hits President on Afghanistan Withdrawal Timeline – ABC News |publisher=[[ABC News]] |date=March 12, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> and said he was against any withdrawal in Iraq in 2012, saying, "We want victory."<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/gop-debate-live_n_975000.html#22_rick-santorum-stay-in-iraq |title=GOP Debate: Republican Presidential Candidates Face Off In Florida (LIVE UPDATES) |publisher=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=January 20, 2013 |first=Elyse |last=Siegel |date=September 22, 2011))</ref>

Santorum supports U.S. political intervention<ref name=Helf/> and economic sanctions against [[state sponsors of terrorism]].<ref name="trying again"/> He views "Islamic fascism" in Iran as the center of the "world's conflict", and his geopolitical strategy for peace involves the United States promoting "a strong Lebanon, a strong Israel, and a strong Iraq."<ref name=Helf/> He sponsored the [[Syria Accountability Act]] of 2003 to require Syria to cease all activity with Lebanon and end all support for terrorism.<ref name="trying again"/> In 2005, Santorum sponsored the [[Iran Freedom and Support Act]], which appropriated $10 million aimed at [[regime change]] in Iran. The Act passed with overwhelming support. Santorum voted against the [[Lautenberg]] amendment, which would have closed the loophole that allows companies like [[Halliburton]] to do business with Iran through their foreign affiliates.<ref name="on iran"/> Santorum reflected on his last year in the Senate as one spent talking a lot about Iran and was characterized by ''[[The Atlantic Wire]]'' as an "extreme hawk" in his approach to Iran.<ref>((cite web|author=Rick Santorum |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/rick_santorum/20071206_The_Elephant_in_the_Room___Put_aside_politics_to_confront_Iran.html |title=The Elephant in the Room &#124; Put aside politics to confront Iran |publisher=Philly.com |date=December 6, 2007 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref><ref>((cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Who Is Rick Santorum?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/01/who-is-rick-santorum/250740/|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=[[The Atlantic]] Wire|date=January 2, 2012))</ref> Santorum stated that Iran was the creator of [[Hezbollah]] and the driving force of [[Hamas]]. He said Iran was at the center of "much of the world's conflict" but he was opposed to direct military action against the country in 2006.<ref name=Helf/> Santorum was one of only two senators who voted against confirming [[Robert Gates]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]]. He said his objection was to Gates's support for talking with Iran and [[Syria]], because it would be an error to talk with radical [[Islamism|Islamists]].<ref name="dangerous"/>

===Party leadership and other actions===
Santorum became chairman of the [[Senate Republican Conference]] in 2000, the party's third-ranking leadership position in the Senate.<ref name=sokolove /> In that role, he directed Senate Republicans' communications operations and was a frequent party spokesperson. He was the youngest member of the Senate leadership and the first Pennsylvanian to hold such a prominent position since Senator [[Hugh Scott]] was Republican leader in the 1970s.<ref name="joyner2007"/><ref name="toeplitz1"/> In addition, Santorum served on the Senate Agriculture Committee; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Senate Special Committee on Aging; and the [[Senate Finance Committee]], of which he was the chairman of the Subcommittee on [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] and Family Policy. He also sat at the [[candy desk]] for ten years.<ref name="joyner2007"/><ref name="toeplitz1"/>

In January 2005, Santorum announced his intention to run for [[United States Senate Republican Whip|Senate Republican Whip]], the second-highest post in the Republican caucus after the [[2006 Pennsylvania United States Senate election|2006 election]], saying he expected the incumbent whip, [[Mitch McConnell]] of [[Kentucky]], to run for Senate Republican leader to succeed [[Bill Frist]] of [[Tennessee]], who was planning to retire.<ref name="focusing"/> As a result of Santorum's loss in the 2006 election, this plan was never realized.

====K Street Project====
Beginning in 1995, Republicans leaders such as [[Tom DeLay]] and [[Grover Norquist]] initiated an order to place Republicans in lobbying firm jobs and exclude Democrats. In addition, the initiative pressured lobbying firms to contribute to Republican campaigns by withholding access to lawmakers from firms that did not comply.<ref name=NPR-Kstreet>((cite web|last=Williams|first=Juan|title=The K Street Project and Jack Abramoff|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5148982|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=December 14, 2013|date=January 11, 2006))</ref> The initiative became politically toxic for Republicans when the [[Jack Abramoff]] scandal broke in late 2004. Although some sources indicate that Santorum played a key role<ref name="rivals"/><ref name="plays down"/> in the [[K Street Project]], he has denied any involvement.<ref name="after"/><ref name="lobbyists"/> In November 2005, several months after the indictments of Abramoff and DeLay, Santorum told the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', "The K Street project is purely to make sure we have qualified applicants for positions that are in town. From my perspective, it's a good government thing."<ref name="Post-Gazette 2005-11-15 K-Street">((cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|title=Casey chides Santorum on lobbying ethics|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/05319/606571.stm#ixzz2nTljVLzC|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=Nov 15, 2005|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/05319/606571.stm#ixzz2nTljVLzC|url-status=dead))</ref> A few months later, however, Santorum emphatically denied any connection with either the K Street Project or Norquist, saying: "I had absolutely nothing to do—never met, never talked, never coordinated, never did anything—with Grover Norquist and the quote K Street Project."<ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-26- K Street">((cite news|last=Miller|first=Jeff|title=Santorum denies working with K Street project|url=http://articles.mcall.com/2006-01-26/news/3656826_1_santorum-grover-norquist-meetings|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=The Morning Call|date=Jan 26, 2006))</ref> In January 2012, ''[[The Washington Post]]'''s "Fact Checker" concluded that "we can't prove definitively whether or not Santorum collaborated on the K Street Project", saying that it "depend[ed] on how you define the initiative".<ref name="k street"/>

===2006 reelection campaign===
[[File:2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania results map by county.svg|upright|thumb|County results of the 2006 U.S. Senate race in Pennsylvania. Counties in red were won by Santorum.]]
((Main|2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania))
In 2006, Santorum sought reelection to a third Senate term.<ref name="rasvuln"/> He ran unopposed in the Republican Party. His seat was considered among the most vulnerable for Republicans and was a prime target of the Democratic Party in the [[U.S. Senate election, 2006|2006 elections]]. George W. Bush had a 38% approval rating in Pennsylvania in 2006.<ref name="old loss"/> Mary Isenhour, a Democratic strategist, reflected on Santorum's campaign and his connection to the unpopular president, "In 2006, we were doubly blessed—we could run against George W. Bush and Rick Santorum".<ref>((cite news |last=Cooke |first=Kristina |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-campaign-santorum-special-idUSTRE8241LJ20120305 |title=Special report: Santorum's wins and self-inflicted wounds |work=[[Reuters]]|date=March 5, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=June 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623044538/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/05/us-usa-campaign-santorum-special-idUSTRE8241LJ20120305 |url-status=live ))</ref> Santorum chose to campaign alongside George W. Bush and called him a "terrific president", hurting his popularity. Also problematic was Santorum's 2004 endorsement of his Republican Senate colleague [[Arlen Specter]] over conservative Congressman [[Pat Toomey]] in the primary for Pennsylvania's other Senate seat. Many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans considered the endorsement a betrayal of their cause.<ref name="outside"/><ref name="shame"/>

Santorum's opponent was Democratic State Treasurer [[Bob Casey, Jr.]], the son of popular former governor [[Robert P. Casey|Robert Casey, Sr.]] Casey was well known for his opposition to abortion, negating one of Santorum's key issues.<ref name="casey widens"/> For most of the campaign, Santorum trailed Casey by 15 points or more in polls.<ref name=forbes.com/> [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] candidate Carl Romanelli failed to gain ballot access in the race, further hurting Santorum's chances. Reportedly, several of Santorum's supporters had funded and petitioned for Romanelli to siphon away Democrats from Casey.<ref name="green party"/>

Santorum was mired in controversy and spent much of his time on the campaign defending his past statements and positions. He faced criticism from Casey and others for several statements in his book ''It Takes a Family'', including his denunciation of 1960s "[[radical feminism]]", which he said had made it "socially affirming to work outside the home" at the expense of [[child care]].<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/13/us/politics/santorum-faces-questions-on-women-in-work-force.html|title=Santorum Faces Questions on Women in the Work Force|author=Brian Knowlton|date=February 12, 2012|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> In the book, Santorum also compared pro-choice Americans to "German Nazis." John Brabender, an adviser to Santorum's Senate and presidential races, reflected back on the book's controversies and said Santorum was warned that sections could bring political damage, and Santorum was not willing to change much of it simply to gain moderate supporters.<ref>((cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/rick-santorum-was-warned-that-2005-book-could-become-fodder-for-political-attacks/ |title=Rick Santorum Was Warned That 2005 Book Could Become Fodder For Political Attacks |work=[[ABC News]] |date=March 17, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> In addition, a past article Santorum wrote to ''The Catholic Online'' in which he linked [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberalism]] and [[moral relativism]] in American society, particularly within [[seminaries]], to the [[Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal]] resurfaced in 2005. He wrote, "It is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural liberalism in America, lies at the center of the storm."<ref name="fishers"/><ref name="a look"/> His remarks were heavily criticized, especially in Massachusetts, and he was asked for an explanation. Santorum did not retract his statement and defended his premise that it was "no surprise that the center of the Catholic Church abuse took place in very liberal, or perhaps the nation's most liberal area, Boston."<ref name="rush limbaugh 2005"/> Casey also raised the question of Santorum's association with the K Street Project.<ref name="Post-Gazette 2005-11-15 K-Street" /><ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-26- K Street" /><ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-20">((cite news|last=Miller|first=Jeff|title=Casey rips Santorum on "K Street'|url=http://articles.mcall.com/2006-01-20/news/3657801_1_sen-rick-santorum-reform-effort-campaign-manager|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=The Morning Call|date=Jan 20, 2006))</ref><ref name="Post-Gazette 2006-04-02 K Street">((cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|title=Casey still pounding Santorum on lobbies|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/politics-federal/2006/04/02/Casey-still-pounding-Santorum-on-lobbies/stories/200604020166|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 2, 2006))</ref>

Santorum said he spent "maybe a month a year" at his Pennsylvania home,<ref name="transcript"/> raising allegations of hypocrisy as he had denounced his former opponent [[Doug Walgren]] for living away from his House district.<ref name="responds"/> Critics also complained that Pennsylvania taxpayers were paying 80% of the tuition for five of Santorum's children to attend an online "cyber school"—a benefit available only to Pennsylvania residents—when all his children lived in Virginia.<ref name="dems press"/> The Penn Hills School District, which covered the tuition costs for the cyber school through local taxes, unsuccessfully filed a complaint against Santorum for reimbursement in 2005,<ref name="school flap"/> but won reimbursement from the state in September 2006 in the amount of $55,000.<ref name="home school"/><ref name="state pays"/> In response, Santorum asked county officials to remove the homestead tax exemption from his Penn Hills property, saying he was entitled to it but chose not to take it because of the political dispute.<ref name="asks county"/> Since 2006, Santorum has been home-schooling his seven children.<ref>((cite news|title=Senator is a force, a target Santorum emerging as the face of Senate Republicans High-profile battles are the norm for Santorum|author1=Goldstein, Steve|author2=Budoff, Carrie|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=December 9, 2004|page=A.1))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=Santorum Opens the Floor: Q&A Session In Newport Caps Weekend|author=Brubeck, Sarah|work=Valley News |location=White River Junction, Vt|date=November 28, 2011|page=A.1))</ref> Santorum responded to the dispute saying that his children should not be implicated in the "politics of personal destruction".<ref name="loses bid"/> One of his children appeared in a 2006 reelection campaign ad, saying, "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more."<ref name="kidding"/>

Santorum ran a television ad suggesting that Casey's supporters had been under investigation for various crimes. The negative ad backfired, as ''[[The Times-Tribune (Scranton)|The Scranton Times-Tribune]]'' found that all but a few of Casey's contributors donated when he was running for other offices, and none were investigated for anything.<ref name="hurls"/> In fact, two of the persons cited in Santorum's campaign ad actually contributed to Santorum in 2006, and one died in 2004.<ref name="impugns"/> Santorum's campaign countered that those donations were not kept and had been donated to educational institutions.<ref name="ad shows"/>

Toward the end of his campaign, Santorum shifted his theme to the threat of [[radical Islam]].<ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="return"/> In October 2006 he gave a "Gathering Storm" speech, invoking British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]]'s description of Europe prior to World War II.<ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="return"/> As evidence that [[Islamists]] were waging a more-than-300-year-old crusade against the Western world, Santorum pointed to September 11, 1683, the date of the [[Battle of Vienna]].<ref name="call"/> Casey responded, "No one believes terrorists are going to be more likely to attack us because I defeat Rick Santorum."<ref name="11 things"/> Noting that he had been "even more hawkish" during this time period than President Bush, Santorum later said, "Maybe that wasn't the smartest political strategy, spending the last few months running purely on national security".<ref name="return"/>

A heated debate between the candidates occurred on October 11, 2006.<ref name=PPG1006/> Bill Toland of the ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'' described both candidates' performances during the debate as "unstatesmanlike".<ref name=PPG1006/>

In the November 7, 2006, election, Santorum lost by over 700,000 votes, receiving 41% of the vote to Casey's 59%. This was the largest margin of defeat for a sitting senator in the 2006 cycle, and the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent senator since 1980.<ref name="candidate profile"/><ref name="playing tricks"/>

==Post-Senate career==
===Lawyer, political consultant and commentator===
In January 2007, Santorum joined the [[Ethics and Public Policy Center]], a D.C.-based conservative [[think tank]], as director of its America's Enemies Program focusing on foreign threats to the United States, including Islamic fascism, Venezuela, North Korea and Russia.<ref name="return"/> In February 2007, he signed a deal to become a contributor on the [[Fox News Channel]], offering commentary on politics and public policy.<ref name="Salena Zito"/> In March 2007 he joined Eckert Seamans,<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_498510.html|title=Santorum joins law firm of Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=March 19, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131213721/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_498510.html|archive-date=January 31, 2013|df=mdy-all))</ref> where he primarily practiced law in the firm's [[Pittsburgh]] and Washington, D.C., offices, providing business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. In 2007, he joined the Board of Directors of [[Universal Health Services]], a hospital management company based in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]], Pennsylvania.<ref name="board"/> He also began writing an op-ed column, "The Elephant in the Room", for ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref name="elephant"/>

Santorum earned $1.3 million in 2010 and the first half of 2011. The largest portion of his earnings—$332,000—came from his work as a consultant for industry interest groups, including [[Consol Energy]] and American Continental Group. Santorum also earned $395,414 in corporate director's fees and stock options from [[Universal Health Services]] and $217,385 in income from the Ethics and Public Policy Center.<ref name="rivals"/><ref name="BloombergJan2012"/><ref name="experienced"/> In 2010 he was paid $23,000 by ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' for his work as a columnist.<ref name="rivals"/>

In January 2017, Santorum became a [[CNN]] senior political commentator.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/17/rick-santorum-joins-cnn-as-senior-political-commen/|title=Rick Santorum joins CNN as senior political commentator|work=[[The Washington Times]]|author=Jessica Chasmar|date=January 17, 2017|access-date=February 10, 2017))</ref>  In April 2021, he claimed at an April 23 [[Young America's Foundation]] event that "There isn't much Native American culture in American culture. We came here and created a blank slate. We birthed a Nation. From nothing. I mean there was nothing here." Santorum's comments, which were described as racist,<ref>((cite news|last1=Wemple|first1=Erik|date=April 27, 2021|title=Opinion: CNN stays silent on Rick Santorum's comments about Native American culture|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/27/cnn-stays-silent-rick-santorums-comments-about-native-american-culture/))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Opinion &#124; Rick Santorum's Native American crack shows how acceptable this racism remains|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/rick-santorum-s-native-american-culture-crack-was-racist-here-ncna1265548|website=[[NBC News]]|date=April 27, 2021 ))</ref> led to calls for CNN to terminate his contract, which the network did days later.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/550546-cnn-urged-to-cancel-rick-santorum-after-controversial|title=CNN urged to fire Rick Santorum after controversial comments about Native Americans|first=Christian|last=Spencer|date=April 27, 2021|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]))</ref><ref>((Cite news|last=Demopoulos|first=Alaina|date=2021-05-22|title=CNN Fired Rick Santorum for Racist, Pro-Colonization Comments|language=en|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/cnn-fired-rick-santorum-for-racist-pro-colonization-comments|access-date=2021-05-24))</ref>

===Speculation about political plans===
Before the 2006 election, Santorum was frequently mentioned as a possible [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential candidate]]. Such speculation faded when, during the 2006 campaign and in light of unimpressive poll numbers in his Senate race, he declared that, if reelected, he would serve a full term. After he lost, Santorum once again ruled out a presidential run.<ref name="no oval"/>

On February 1, 2008, Santorum said he would vote for [[Mitt Romney]] in the 2008 Republican presidential primary.<ref name="free and strong"/> Santorum criticized John McCain, questioning his [[anti-abortion]] voting record and conservative values. Santorum later said he endorsed Romney because he saw him as the "best chance to stop John McCain", whom he considered too moderate.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/santorum-gets-a-grilling-on-meet-the-press/2012/01/01/gIQARRtLUP_blog.html|title=Santorum gets a grilling on 'Meet the Press'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=May 23, 2011|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Aaron|last=Blake))</ref> In September 2008, Santorum expressed support for McCain as the nominee, citing McCain's choice of [[Sarah Palin]] as his running mate as a step in the right direction.<ref name="lanc333"/>

Santorum was mentioned as a candidate for [[governor of Pennsylvania]] in [[2010 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election|2010]].<ref name="eyes gubernatorial"/> At one point, he was said to have "quietly but efficiently put his fingerprints on a wide array of conservative causes in the state."<ref name=pareport2009/> Santorum declined to seek the gubernatorial nomination and instead endorsed eventual winner [[Tom Corbett]].<ref name="endorses corbett"/>

===2012 presidential campaign===
[[File:Rick Santorum Iowa State Fair 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Santorum speaking at the Iowa State Fair in August 2011]]
((see also|Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign))
In the fall of 2009, Santorum gave a speech at the [[University of Dubuque]] on the economy, fueling speculation that he would run for president in 2012. Santorum later recalled, "It got a lot of buzz on the Internet, so I thought, 'Wow, maybe there's some interest'". He decided to campaign after multiple conversations with his wife, who was not enthusiastic at first.<ref name="fights"/>

On September 11, 2009, Santorum spoke to Catholic leaders in Orlando, Florida, saying that the 2012 presidential elections were going to be "a real opportunity for success." He then scheduled various appearances in Iowa with political nonprofit organizations.<ref name="reportedly"/>

On January 15, 2010, Santorum sent an email and letter to supporters of his [[political action committee]], saying, "I'm convinced that conservatives need a candidate who will not only stand up for our views, but who can articulate a conservative vision for our country's future". He continued, "And right now, I just don't see anyone stepping up to the plate. I have no great burning desire to be president, but I have a burning desire to have a different president of the United States".<ref name="considering bid"/> He formed a presidential exploratory committee on April 13, 2011. Santorum also mentioned his grandfather's historical encounter with [[Italian fascism]] as an inspiration for his presidential campaign.<ref name="daily brief"/>

He formally announced his run for the Republican presidential nomination on ABC's ''[[Good Morning America]]'' on June 6, 2011, saying he was "in it to win." He initially lagged in the polls but gained as other conservative candidates slumped. By the weekend before the [[Iowa Republican caucuses, 2012|Iowa caucuses]], polls showed him in the top three along with Romney and [[Ron Paul]].<ref name="CNN12282011"/><ref name="DMRpoll"/> The ''[[Des Moines Register]]'' also noted that the momentum was with Santorum. In the closest finish in the history of the Iowa caucuses, the count on the night put Romney as winner by a margin of eight votes, but the final result announced two weeks later showed that Santorum had won by 34 votes.<ref name="romney beats"/> Santorum later focused on the states holding votes on February 7, a strategy that paid off, as he won all three.<ref>Rosalind S. Helderman and Nia-Malika Henderson (February 8, 2012), [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rick-santorums-strategy-of-focusing-on-low-key-races-paid-off/2012/02/08/gIQApvj2yQ_story.html "Rick Santorum's strategy of focusing on low-key races paid off"] ''[[The Washington Post]]''</ref><ref name="WashTime">((cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/8/santorum-i-won-and-raised-about-250k-tuesday-night/?amp|title=Santorum: I won and raised about $250K Tuesday night|work=The Washington Times|date=February 8, 2012|access-date=February 9, 2012|author=Laurie Kellman – Associated Press))</ref> Santorum surged in polls taken shortly after, ranking first in some and a close second in others.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2012/president/us/republican_presidential_nomination-1452.html|title=2012 Republican Presidential Nomination|publisher=Realclearpolitics.com|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref> In the March 13 primaries, Santorum narrowly won both Mississippi and Alabama<ref name=almsprimaries>((cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/delegates-split-3-ways-alabama-mississippi-023606354.html;_ylt=AvJ8rnd38zY03.Oz865Bx1w6_Od_;_ylu=X3oDMTQ0ZmxsOGUyBG1pdANFbGVjdGlvbnMgMjAxMiBUb3AgU3RvcmllcwRwa2cDZDE4OGMwYjYtYzA4ZC0zMzg2LThmYjQtOWVhNDM3YmE1MzZlBHBvcwMyBHNlYwN0b3Bfc3RvcnkEdmVyA2Q3Y2I0ZWUwLTZkOGMtMTFlMS05ZmZlLTMwYWI3ZDdjMzExMw--;_ylg=X3oDMTFrM25vcXFyBGludGwDdXMEbGFuZwNlbi11cwRwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdAMEcHQDc2VjdGlvbnMEdGVzdAM-;_ylv=3|title=Delegates split 3 ways|work=[[Yahoo! News]]))</ref> and followed up with a victory in Louisiana on March 24.<ref name=laprimary>((cite web|title=Results for Election Date: 3/24/2012|url=http://staticresults.sos.la.gov/03242012/03242012_Statewide.html|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|access-date=March 25, 2012))</ref>

Following the hospitalization of his daughter Bella and losses in [[Wisconsin Republican primary, 2012|Wisconsin]], [[Maryland Republican primary, 2012|Maryland]], and the [[District of Columbia Republican primary, 2012|District of Columbia]], Santorum announced the suspension of his campaign on April 10, 2012, in [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=dropout1>((cite news|last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=Rick Santorum to drop out of the presidential race|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/rick-santorum-drops-out-of-the-presidential-race/2012/04/10/gIQACvaV8S_blog.html?wpisrc=al_comboNP_p|access-date=April 10, 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=April 10, 2012|author2=Henderson, Nia-Malika))</ref><ref name=dropout2>((cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/04/10/santorum/|date=April 10, 2012|title=Santorum suspends campaign|publisher=[[Fox News]]))</ref> He had won 11 state primaries and nearly 4 million votes, more than any other candidate except Romney.<ref>((cite magazine|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/santorum-im-open-2016-run_664017.html |title=Santorum: 'I'm Open' to 2016 Run |magazine=The Weekly Standard |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> Santorum topped Romney in polls for a brief period. Upon the conclusion of Santorum's run, Romney called him "an important voice" in the GOP.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8300-503544_162-503544.html|title=Romney calls Santorum "important voice" in GOP|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=April 10, 2012))</ref>

Santorum received a prime time speaking slot at the [[2012 Republican National Convention]]. He was originally slated to speak early in the evening, but convention organizers moved him to 9&nbsp;pm with the other highly anticipated speakers of the evening, [[Ann Romney]] and convention keynote [[Chris Christie]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/gop-convention-rick-santorum-attacks-obama-over-welfare-reform |title=GOP Convention: Rick Santorum attacks Obama over welfare reform |work=Alaska Dispatch |author=Linda Feldman |date=August 29, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602135633/http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/gop-convention-rick-santorum-attacks-obama-over-welfare-reform |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |df=mdy-all ))</ref> Santorum spoke of the [[American dream]] his immigrant grandfather worked to give his family and said Obama was turning the dream into a nightmare.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/08/28/santorum-talks-up-romney-in-heartfelt-speech-most-critical-obama/ |title=Santorum talks up American dream, accuses Obama of turning it into 'nightmare(('-)) |publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=August 28, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> He talked about his experiences on the presidential campaign trail, speaking with emotion about his daughter Bella and meeting disabled people and their families.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/CONVENTION-WATCH-Santorum-Mitt-in-the-house-3822311.php#page-2 |title=Convention Watch: Convention kiss, praising mom |work=San Francisco Chronicle ))((dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref> He emphasized the importance of strengthening marriage and the family.<ref name="USAT08282012">((cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2012/08/santorum-lauds-romney-blasts-obama/1#.UD76hGt5lP4 |title=Santorum lauds Romney, blasts Obama |author=David Jackson |work=[[USA Today]] |date=August 28, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> He also condemned Obama's actions on the welfare reform law,<ref>((cite news |url=https://washingtonpost.com/national/santorum-says-under-obama-dream-of-freedom-has-become-nightmare-of-dependency/2012/08/28/a3977eec-f17a-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |title=Santorum says under Obama, dream of freedom has become 'nightmare of dependency(('-)) |url-status=dead |access-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207170852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/santorum-says-under-obama-dream-of-freedom-has-become-nightmare-of-dependency/2012/08/28/a3977eec-f17a-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |archive-date=December 7, 2018 |df=mdy-all ))</ref> of which he was one of the chief proponents in Congress, and his actions on education, including school choice and student loans.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/08/santorum-hits-obama-for-nightmare-of-dependency-133589.html |title=Santorum hits Obama for 'nightmare of dependency(('-)) |work=[[Politico]]|date=August 28, 2012 |author=Maggie Haberman |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> Santorum concluded his speech to a standing ovation, saying,
((blockquote|I thank God that America still has one party that reaches out their hands in love to lift up all of God's children—born and unborn—and says that each of us has dignity and all of us have the right to live the American Dream. And without you, America is not keeping faith with that dream. We are stewards of a great inheritance. In November we have a chance to vote for life and liberty, not dependency. A vote for Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan will put our country back in the hands of leaders who understand what America can and, for the sake of our children, must be to keep the dream alive.<ref name="USAT08282012"/><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0812/80348_Page2.html |title=Rick Santorum RNC speech transcript (text and video) |work=[[Politico]]|date=August 28, 2012 |page=2 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref>))

===Patriot Voices===
In June 2012, Santorum launched Patriot Voices, a [[501(c)(4)]] nonprofit with a mission to "mobilize conservatives around this country who are committed to promoting faith, family, freedom and opportunity" in support of causes and candidates across the country.<ref>((cite news|author=Rachel Weiner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/rick-santorums-next-move-patriot-voices/2012/06/08/gJQA8K2sNV_blog.html |title=Rick Santorum's next move: 'Patriot Voices' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 8, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> Santorum supported U.S. Senate candidates [[Ted Cruz]] in Texas and [[Richard Mourdock]] in Indiana in their respective Republican primaries; both won.<ref>((cite web|last=Strauss |first=Daniel |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/259347-santorum |title=Santorum plants seed for possible 2016 White House candidacy |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=September 30, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> In the general elections, Patriot Voices endorsed eight U.S. Senate candidates and four House candidates.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.patriotvoices.com/candidate_endorsements |title=Endorsements |publisher=Patriotvoices.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115091942/http://www.patriotvoices.com/candidate_endorsements |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |df=mdy-all ))</ref> In Iowa's 2012 retention elections Santorum lent support to the "NO Wiggins" effort to oust [[Iowa Supreme Court]] Justice David Wiggins, who they say promulgated a personal political agenda in the court.<ref>((cite web |url=http://m.ottumwacourier.com/ottumwa/pm_113059/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=PBXNRaL3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131000055/http://m.ottumwacourier.com/ottumwa/pm_113059/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=PBXNRaL3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |title=Judge-retention vote at a fevered pitch |publisher=M.ottumwacourier.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 ))</ref> They have also been vocal in opposition to the [[Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]], which they say threatens parental rights and U.S. sovereignty.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.patriotvoices.com/crpd |title=CRPD |publisher=Patriotvoices.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920120335/http://www.patriotvoices.com/crpd |url-status=dead ))</ref>
In August 2021 Santorum became a Senior Advisor to the Convention of States Project of Citizens for Self-Governance. "As Senior Advisor, Rick is counseling us on strategy, will serve as a public voice for the surging Convention of States movement, and will focus his incredible energy on restoring our nation and returning the proper balance to our republic," said Mark Meckler, head of the Convention of States Project.

===Business ventures===
In June 2013, Santorum became Chairman and CEO of EchoLight Studios, a Dallas-based Christian movie company.<ref>((cite news|last1=Weiner|first1=Rachel|title=Rick Santorum now running Christian movie studio|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2013/06/24/rick-santorum-now-running-christian-movie-studio/|access-date=April 27, 2016|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 24, 2013))</ref> Santorum has produced the Christmas-themed movie ''[[The Christmas Candle]]''<ref>Caitlin McDecvitt, [http://www.politico.com/blogs/click/2013/09/rick-santorum-to-release-a-christmas-movie-173504.html Rick Santorum to release a Christmas movie], ''[[Politico]]'', 9/25/13</ref> and the religious liberty film ''One Generation Away''.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/29/rick-santorum-passes-hollywood-and-debuts-his-feat/|title=Rick Santorum by-passes Hollywood and debuts his feature-length movie in a church|work=The Washington Times|access-date=August 10, 2015))</ref>

He is a part owner of Plasma Technologies LLC.<ref name="APPlasma">((cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-virus-outbreak-pandemics-south-carolina-only-on-ap-5990d2ac718bc26070e72ce55bc712f8 |publisher=[[The Associated Press]] |title=Trump admin funds plasma company based in owner's condo |first1=Richard |last1=Lardner |first2=Jason |last2=Dearen |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201101171014/https://apnews.com/article/technology-virus-outbreak-pandemics-south-carolina-only-on-ap-5990d2ac718bc26070e72ce55bc712f8 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |url-status=live ))</ref>

===2016 presidential campaign===
((Main|Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign))
[[File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 7.jpg|right|thumb|Rick Santorum speaking at the 2015 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015]]
Appearing on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Meet the Press]]'' on August 4, 2013, Santorum said, "I'm open to looking into a presidential race in 2016."<ref>((cite news|last=Easley|first=Jonathan|title=Santorum 'open' to 2016 run|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/315443-santorum-mulls-another-presidential-run|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=5 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809164639/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/315443-santorum-mulls-another-presidential-run|archive-date=August 9, 2013|df=mdy-all))</ref> He outlined plans for a potential 2016 run in an interview with ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181225150144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rick-santorum-is-running-for-president-again--and-says-this-time-will-be-different/2014/12/09/0c955498-7fca-11e4-9f38-95a187e4c1f7_story.htmlRick Santorum is running for president again – and says this time will be different] 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2015.</ref> and officially announced his candidacy on May 27, 2015.<ref name="nytimes.com">((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/us/politics/rick-santorum-republican-2016-presidential-race.html|title=Rick Santorum Announces New Presidential Bid, and New Focus on Middle Class|last=Gabriel|first=Trip|date=May 27, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]))</ref> After performing poorly in the Iowa caucuses, Santorum ended his campaign on February 3, 2016,<ref name="CNN20160203">((cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/03/politics/rick-santorum-dropping-presidential-bid/index.html|title=Rick Santorum dropping presidential bid|newspaper=[[CNN]] Politics|last1=King|first1=John|last2=Kopan|first2=Tal|last3=Diamond|first3=Jeremy|date=February 3, 2016|access-date=February 3, 2016))</ref> and endorsed Florida senator [[Marco Rubio]].<ref>((cite web|last=Gutierrez |first=Gabe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/santorum-expected-end-2016-run-n510581 |title=Rick Santorum Ends 2016 Run, Endorses Marco Rubio |work=[[NBC News]]|date=February 3, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017))</ref> After Rubio suspended his campaign, Santorum endorsed [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="thehill.com">((cite web|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/281140-santorum-endorses-trump |title=Santorum endorses Trump after 'long heart-to-heart' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=May 24, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017))</ref>

=== CNN racism accusation ===
In May 2021, Santorum stated that America was founded by white Europeans and that prior to their arrival, America was populated by nothing more than a handful of primitive warring Native American tribes. He was dropped from CNN over these remarks, with some responses referring to them as "classic white supremacist rhetoric" and being "dangerous manipulation".<ref name="theguardian.com">((Cite web|date=2021-05-22|title=Rick Santorum axed by CNN over racist remarks on Native Americans|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/may/22/cnn-rick-santorum-axed-native-americans|access-date=2022-01-21|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=APIAHF|url=https://www.apiahf.org/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=APIAHF|language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Opinion ((!)) Rick Santorum's Native American crack shows how acceptable this racism remains|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/rick-santorum-s-native-american-culture-crack-was-racist-here-ncna1265548|access-date=2022-01-21|website=[[NBC News]]|date=April 27, 2021 |language=en))</ref> In response, Santorum said he had “misspoke” and denied that he was “trying to dismiss [the genocide of] Native Americans”.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

== LGBT issues and "santorum" ==
((See also|Rick Santorum's views on homosexuality|Campaign for the neologism "santorum"))
[[File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|thumb|right|Santorum speaking in Des Moines, Iowa in 2011]]
In his 2005 book ''[[It Takes a Family]]'', Santorum advocated a society oriented toward "family values" and centered on monogamous, heterosexual relationships, marriage, and child raising. He opposes both [[same-sex marriage]] and [[civil union]]s, saying the American public and their elected officials should decide on these "incredibly important moral issues" rather than the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]].<ref>((cite web|date=July 31, 2005|title=George Stephanopoulos Interviews Sen. Rick Santorum|url=http://thinkprogress.org/santorum-this-week/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614111014/http://thinkprogress.org/santorum-this-week/|archive-date=June 14, 2006|access-date=March 31, 2019|website=[[Think Progress]]|df=mdy-all))</ref>

During a 2003 interview, Santorum expressed opposition to same-sex marriage, said he favors having laws against [[polygamy]], [[sodomy]] (between same sex or opposite sex couples), and other actions "antithetical to a healthy, stable, traditional family", and likened homosexuality to [[Zoophilia|bestiality]] and [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name="usa today">((cite news|date=April 23, 2003|title=Excerpt from Santorum interview|work=[[USA Today]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm|url-status=live|access-date=March 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122034014/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm|archive-date=January 22, 2011|quote=Every society in the history of man has upheld the institution of marriage as a bond between a man and a woman... In every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be. It is one thing. And when you destroy that you have a dramatic impact on the quality|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>John Barron, [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-09/profile-rick-santorum/3819574 "Meet the candidates Rick Santorum"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411101140/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-09/profile-rick-santorum/3819574|date=2017-04-11)), ''ABC News'', 16 February 2012</ref> The remarks drew a retaliatory response from many, including author, journalist, and [[LGBT]] community activist [[Dan Savage]], who launched a [[Campaign for the neologism "santorum"|contest to coin a "santorum" neologism]] among the readers of his blog with the winner as "the frothy mixture of [[Personal lubricant|lube]] and [[Human feces|fecal matter]] that is sometimes the byproduct of [[anal sex]]".<ref name="savage" /><ref name="google problem" /> The website Savage set up for the campaign became one of the top search results for Santorum's surname,<ref>((Cite web|title=Santorum|url=http://spreadingsantorum.com/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=spreadingsantorum.com))</ref> creating a situation that commentators dubbed "Santorum's Google problem".<ref name="google problem" /><ref name="rollcall" /> Santorum has characterized the campaign as a "type of vulgarity" spread on the Internet.<ref name="rollcall" /> In September 2011, Santorum unsuccessfully requested that Google remove the content from its search engine index.<ref name="contacted google" /> In 2015, during an interview on ''[[The Rachel Maddow Show]]'', he expressed regret for making the "man-on-dog" statement, which he described as "flippant", but added: "[T]he substance of what I said ... I stand by that."<ref>((cite web|last=Ring|first=Trudy|date=July 22, 2015|title=WATCH: Rick Santorum Regrets 'Man on Dog' Remark — Sort Of|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/election/2015/07/22/watch-rick-santorum-regrets-man-dog-remark-sort|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105224/https://www.advocate.com/politics/election/2015/07/22/watch-rick-santorum-regrets-man-dog-remark-sort|archive-date=September 4, 2017|access-date=October 5, 2017|publisher=Advocate.com|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>((cite news|last1=Zaru|first1=Deena|title=Rick Santorum 'absolutely' regrets comparing homosexuality to bestiality|website=CNN.com|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/rick-santorum-homosexuality-comments-same-sex-marriage/|url-status=live|access-date=April 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411140712/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/rick-santorum-homosexuality-comments-same-sex-marriage/|archive-date=April 11, 2017|df=mdy-all))</ref>

In 2011, during his bid for the Republican nomination in the upcoming presidential election, Santorum attended a Republican primary debate held two days after the official end of the Clinton-era "[[Don't Ask, Don't Tell]]" policy that effectively banned gays and lesbians from open service in the United States Armed Forces and fielded a question from [[Stephen Snyder-Hill]], a gay soldier then serving in [[Iraq War|Iraq]], about the progress made by gay soldiers in the military.<ref name="abc">
((cite news|last=Dwyer|first=Devin|date=October 3, 2011|title=Obama Blasts Republicans Over Booing of Gay Soldier|work=[[ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-blasts-republicans-over-booing-of-gay-soldier/|url-status=live|access-date=March 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063103/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-blasts-republicans-over-booing-of-gay-soldier/|archive-date=September 4, 2017|df=mdy-all))
</ref> The soldier was booed by some in the audience, and Santorum said his administration would reinstate the ban on gay soldiers in the military. Santorum was roundly criticized for not supporting the soldier, and he later asserted he had not heard the booing from the stage.

In 2015, Santorum signed an online pledge vowing not to respect any law, including any decision by the United States Supreme Court, conferring legal recognition on same-sex marriage.<ref>((cite news|last1=Ennis|first1=Dawn|date=June 15, 2015|title=Who Are the 44,500 Who Say They'll Go to Jail to Fight Marriage Equality?|publisher=advocate.com|agency=The Advocate|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/marriage-equality/2015/06/15/who-are-44500-who-say-theyll-go-jail-fight-marriage-equality|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617013011/http://www.advocate.com/politics/marriage-equality/2015/06/15/who-are-44500-who-say-theyll-go-jail-fight-marriage-equality|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref> The pledge states, in part: "A decision purporting to redefine marriage flies in the face of the Constitution and is contrary to the natural created order. As people of faith we pledge obedience to our Creator when the State directly conflicts with higher law."<ref>((cite news|last1=Wong|first1=Curtis|date=April 23, 2015|title='Pledge In Solidarity To Defend Marriage' Urges SCOTUS To Reject Same-Sex Marriage Case|website=[[HuffPost]]|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/23/pledge-in-solidarity-to-defend-marriage_n_7120254.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724081607/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/23/pledge-in-solidarity-to-defend-marriage_n_7120254.html|archive-date=July 24, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref> In April 2015, Santorum stated on [[Hugh Hewitt]]'s radio program that he would not attend a same-sex wedding, saying: "as a person of my faith, that would be something that would be a violation of my faith."<ref>((cite news|last1=Condon|first1=Stephanie|date=April 17, 2015|title=Gay weddings: What would Rick Santorum do?|publisher=cbsnews.com|agency=[[CBS News]]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gay-weddings-what-would-rick-santorum-do/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617234749/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/gay-weddings-what-would-rick-santorum-do/|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref>

At a Republican convention in South Carolina in 2015, Santorum responded to a question about [[Caitlyn Jenner]] by saying: "if [Jenner] says he's a woman, then he's a woman. My responsibility as a human being is to love and accept everybody. Not to criticize people for who they are."<ref>((cite magazine|last1=Linshi|first1=Jack|date=May 3, 2015|title=Rick Santorum on Bruce Jenner: 'If He Says He's a Woman, Then He's a Woman'|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|issue=May 3, 2015|url=http://time.com/3844757/rick-santorum-bruce-jenner-lgbt-transgender/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609202552/http://time.com/3844757/rick-santorum-bruce-jenner-lgbt-transgender/|archive-date=June 9, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref> Due to Santorum's consistent opposition to same-sex marriage, his apparent acceptance of Jenner's transition surprised some.((who|date=June 2022))<ref>((cite news|last1=Margolin|first1=Emma|date=May 4, 2015|title=Santorum clarifies surprising remarks about Bruce Jenner|work=[[MSNBC]]|url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-clarifies-surprising-remarks-about-bruce-jenner|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123434/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-clarifies-surprising-remarks-about-bruce-jenner|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref> Some people criticized Santorum for continuing to use the male pronoun in reference to Jenner.<ref>((cite web|last1=Gass|first1=Nick|title=Rick Santorum: I'd welcome an endorsement from Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/rick-santorum-endorsement-caitlyn-jenner-118917.html#ixzz3dAcYdFrS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615002421/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/rick-santorum-endorsement-caitlyn-jenner-118917.html#ixzz3dAcYdFrS|archive-date=June 15, 2015|access-date=June 15, 2015|website=Politico.com|publisher=[[Politico]]|date=June 12, 2015 |df=mdy-all))</ref> Santorum declined to take a position on whether transgender people should be allowed to use restrooms of the gender of their choice, saying only that he believed the federal government should leave the issue to local authorities.<ref>((cite news|last1=Carlson|first1=Adam|date=May 3, 2015|title=Rick Santorum Supports Bruce Jenner: 'If He Says He's a Woman, Then He's a Woman'|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|url=http://www.people.com/article/rick-santorum-interview-bruce-jenner-transition|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123441/http://www.people.com/article/rick-santorum-interview-bruce-jenner-transition|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref name="cbsnews.com">((cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Reena|date=May 4, 2015|title=Rick Santorum clarifies comments on Bruce Jenner's identity|publisher=cbsnews.com|agency=[[CBS News]]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-santorum-clarifies-comments-on-bruce-jenners-identity/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722093803/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-santorum-clarifies-comments-on-bruce-jenners-identity/|archive-date=July 22, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref> Santorum later clarified his statement, writing that he "meant to express empathy", and "not a change in public policy."<ref name="cbsnews.com" />

==Political positions==
((Conservatism US|politicians))
[[File:Rick SANTORUM -.jpg|thumb|Rick Santorum speaking at CPAC Hungary 2022]] 
Santorum has consistently held [[Social conservatism|socially conservative]] views and has advocated "[[compassionate conservatism]]".<ref name="future"/> He has a more mixed record on fiscal issues.<ref name="fiscal record"/> As a member of Congress, he voted for the Bush tax cuts, favored a [[balanced budget amendment]] and sought to curb entitlements, playing a key role in enacting welfare cuts.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He has been criticized for supporting costly federal programs in education and transportation and for using earmarks to fund Pennsylvania projects.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He says he regrets many of his votes for such programs and opposes earmarks.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He has also specifically disavowed his 2003 support for the unfunded [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act|Medicare prescription drug benefit]] and his vote for the [[No Child Left Behind Act]].<ref name="fiscal record"/><ref name="record on fiscal"/>

In 2003, he was described by the ''Pennsylvania Report'' as having a "confrontational, partisan, 'in your face' style of politics and government."<ref name=pareport2003/> "I just don't take the pledge. I take the bullets", Santorum said. "I stand out in front and I lead to make sure the voices of those who do not have a voice are out in front and being included in the national debate."<ref name="reaffirms"/>

===Abortion===
[[File:PBAsigning.jpg|thumb|right|Santorum at the signing of the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]] by Pres. George W. Bush in 2004]]
[[File:Senator Rick Santorum and other members of congress introduce the Born Alive Infants Protection Act.jpg|thumb|right|Members of Congress join Rick Santorum in introducing the [[Born-Alive Infants Protection Act]]]]
Santorum considered himself [[pro-choice]] on abortion throughout his early life but adopted an [[anti-abortion]] position by 1990 when he ran for Congress.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/21/rick-santorum-abortion_n_1291634.html?ref=politics|title=Santorum In '95: 'I Was Basically Pro-Choice All My Life, Until I Ran For Congress'|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Sam|last=Stein|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301210118/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/21/rick-santorum-abortion_n_1291634.html?ref=politics|archive-date=March 1, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/santorum-in-1995-i-was-basically-pro-choice-all-my-life-until-i-ran-for-congress-2012-2|title=Santorum In 1995: 'I Was Basically Pro-Choice All My Life Until I Ran For Congress'|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625133645/http://www.businessinsider.com/santorum-in-1995-i-was-basically-pro-choice-all-my-life-until-i-ran-for-congress-2012-2|archive-date=June 25, 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/report-rick-santorum-supported-abortion-rights-in-past/2012/02/21/gIQAHb2vRR_blog.html|title=Report: Rick Santorum supported abortion rights in past|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Rachel|last=Weiner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307030956/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/report-rick-santorum-supported-abortion-rights-in-past/2012/02/21/gIQAHb2vRR_blog.html|archive-date=March 7, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> He has become known for his staunch opposition to abortion.<ref name="desmoinesregister.com">((Cite web|url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/01/28/santorum-defends-his-anti-abortion-stances/79482824/|title=Santorum defends his anti-abortion stances|first=Kathy A.|last=Bolten|website=Des Moines Register))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/27/409835451/5-things-you-should-know-about-rick-santorum |title=5 Things You Should Know About Rick Santorum |website=[[NPR]] |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203222234/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/27/409835451/5-things-you-should-know-about-rick-santorum |archive-date=2018-12-03 |url-status=live |last1=Taylor |first1=Jessica ))</ref><ref name="theatlantic.com">((Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/rick-santorum-wants-to-be-more-than-just-a-pro-life-candidate/455397/ |title=Rick Santorum Wants to be More Than Just a Pro-Life Candidate |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=July 10, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193725/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/rick-santorum-wants-to-be-more-than-just-a-pro-life-candidate/455397/ |archive-date=2018-11-27 |url-status=live ))</ref> In 2015, he said, "'I do not ''believe'' life begins at conception. I ''know'' life begins at conception. This is not a matter of debate. It's not a matter of faith ... Every child at the moment of conception is both living—that embryo is metabolizing—and it is ... genetically completely human"'.<ref name="theatlantic.com"/> During a 2016 presidential debate, Santorum said, "'Twice in my life we were counseled to have an abortion—once with our son Gabriel and one with our little girl, Bella ... Neither time did Karen (Santorum's wife) and I even think about [an abortion], because we know life begins at conception'".<ref name="desmoinesregister.com"/>

In 1996, Santorum led the unsuccessful attempt to override President [[Bill Clinton]]'s veto of the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1995]],<ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-27-9609270220-story.html |title=Senate Fails to Overturn Veto of 'Partial Birth' Abortion Ban |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=September 27, 1996 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075304/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-27-9609270220-story.html |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live ))</ref> He also sponsored a similar bill in 1999.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/19991021/aponline151725_000.htm |title=Senate Supports Abortion Rights |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/19991021/aponline151725_000.htm |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=dead ))</ref> Santorum was a lead sponsor of the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]],<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/22/abortion/index.html |title=CNN.com - Senate passes late-term abortion ban - Dec. 17, 2003 |website=[[CNN]] |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075234/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/22/abortion/index.html |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live ))</ref> which was signed into law by President [[George W. Bush]] in November 2003<ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/bush-signs-ban-on-partial-birth-abortions |title=Bush Signs Ban on Partial-Birth Abortions |website=[[Fox News]] |date=March 25, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034846/https://www.foxnews.com/story/bush-signs-ban-on-partial-birth-abortions |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live ))</ref> and upheld by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in the 2007 decision ''[[Gonzales v. Carhart]]''.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/washington/19scotus.html |title=Justices Back Ban on Method of Abortion |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 19, 2007 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129235523/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/washington/19scotus.html |archive-date=2019-01-29 |url-status=live |last1=Greenhouse |first1=Linda ))</ref>

===Class/Inequality===
Santorum has condemned the term "middle class" as "Marxism talk" used by liberals, maintaining that the United States has no social classes.<ref name=Reilly>((cite news |last1=Reilly |first1=Mollie |title=Rick Santorum On Middle Class: 'That's Marxism Talk,' 'There's No Class In America' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/rick-santorum-middle-class_n_3745283.html |access-date=2 September 2018 |agency=[[HuffPost]] |date=12 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902194821/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/rick-santorum-middle-class_n_3745283.html |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all ))</ref><ref name="Krugman-2-9-18">((cite news |last1=Krugman |first1=Paul |title=For Whom the Economy Grows |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/opinion/economy-gdp-income-inequality.html |access-date=2 September 2018 |agency=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902005202/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/opinion/economy-gdp-income-inequality.html |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all ))</ref> At an August 2013 GOP fundraiser in Rock Rapids, Iowa, he said, "Don't use the term the other side uses... [t]he middle class.... Since when in America do we have classes? Since when in America are people stuck in areas or defined places called a class? That's Marxism talk... When Republicans get up and talk about middle class, we're buying into their rhetoric of dividing America. Stop it. There's no class in America. Call them on it."<ref name=Reilly/>

===Contraception===
Santorum has said he does not believe a "right to privacy" is part of the [[U.S. Constitution|Constitution]]. He has criticized the Supreme Court decision in ''[[Griswold v. Connecticut]]'' (1965), which held that the Constitution guaranteed that right and overturned a law prohibiting the sale of [[birth control|contraceptives]] to married couples.<ref name="wrecking ball"/> Santorum has asserted that the right to privacy set forth in ''Griswold'' was a "jurisprudential novelty [that] quickly become a constitutional wrecking ball" and eventually led the Court to recognize a constitutional right to abortion in ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' (1973).<ref name="wrecking ball"/> In critiquing ''Griswold'', Santorum emphasized that he did not support laws banning contraceptives.<ref name="wrecking ball"/> Santorum has, however, described contraception as "a license to do things in [the] sexual realm that [are] counter to how things are supposed to be."<ref name="weak field"/>

===Death penalty===
In March 2005, Santorum expressed misgivings about the death penalty in light of wrongly convicted individuals who were sentenced to death. He went on to say, "I agree with the Pope that in the civilized world... the application of the death penalty should be limited. I would definitely agree with that. I would certainly suggest there probably should be some further limits on what we use it for."<ref>((cite web|author=politicks Org|url=http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Capital-Punishment.php|title=Santorum on Capital Punishment|publisher=2012.republican-candidates.org|date=March 22, 2005|access-date=April 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418131253/http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Capital-Punishment.php|archive-date=April 18, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all))</ref> In January 2012, Santorum said that "when there is certainty, that's the case that capital punishment can be used" but that "if there is not certainty, under the law, it shouldn't be used."<ref>((cite news|url=http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/23/clips-from-friday-rick-santorum-on-the-death-penalty-karen-santorum-opens-up-about-the-death-of-their-infant-son/|title=Clips From Friday: Rick Santorum on the death penalty; Karen Santorum opens up about the death of their infant son|publisher=Piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com|access-date=April 11, 2012|date=January 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511043831/http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/23/clips-from-friday-rick-santorum-on-the-death-penalty-karen-santorum-opens-up-about-the-death-of-their-infant-son/|archive-date=May 11, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref>

===Drugs===
Santorum used cannabis in college, but later said, "Even during that time, I knew that what I was doing was wrong."<ref name="on_drugs"/> He is against the legalization of cannabis and believes that the federal law against it should be enforced in Colorado.<ref>((cite news|last1=Ferner|first1=Matt|title=Here's Where The GOP's 2016 Presidential Contenders Stand On Marijuana Legalization|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/heres-what-the-presidenti_n_7184508.html|publisher=[[HuffPost]]|access-date=May 28, 2015|date=May 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528235408/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/heres-what-the-presidenti_n_7184508.html|archive-date=May 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> He has voted in favor of increasing penalties for drug trafficking and possession and for increased spending on drug control.<ref name="on_drugs">((cite web|title=Rick Santorum on Drugs|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/2012/Rick_Santorum_Drugs.htm|publisher=OnTheIssues|access-date=May 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429040416/http://www.ontheissues.org/2012/Rick_Santorum_Drugs.htm|archive-date=April 29, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref>

===Energy and environment===
Santorum rejects the overwhelming [[scientific consensus on climate change]], which states that [[Climate change|global warming]] is harmful and primarily human-caused, calling it "[[global warming controversy|junk science]]". He has claimed that global warming is a "beautifully concocted scheme" by the [[political left]] and "an excuse for more government control of your life."<ref name="rush limbaugh 2011"/>

In reaction to [[Pope Francis]]'s encyclical ''[[Laudato si']]'', which acknowledges man-made climate change and calls for swift and unified global policies to phase out fossil fuels, Santorum said in 2015: "The Church has gotten it wrong a few times on science, and I think we probably are better off leaving science to the scientists and focusing on what we're good at, which is theology and morality."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/17/jeb-bush-joins-republican-backlash-pope-climate-change "Jeb Bush joins Republican backlash against pope on climate change"] in ''The Guardian'', 17 June 2015</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-pope-francis-leave-science-the-scientists|title=Santorum to Pope Francis: 'Leave science to the scientists'|author=Jane C. Timm|work=[[MSNBC]]|date=June 3, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820042434/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-pope-francis-leave-science-the-scientists|archive-date=August 20, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref>

He has stated a policy of "drill everywhere" for oil and that there is "enough oil, coal and natural gas to last for centuries".<ref name="no such"/>

===Euthanasia===
In 2012, Santorum said that half of all [[Euthanasia in the Netherlands|euthanizations in the Netherlands]] are involuntary, that Dutch hospitals euthanize elderly patients for financial reasons, and that 10% of all deaths in the Netherlands are the result of involuntary euthanizations. Santorum's statements were called "bogus" by [[FactCheck.org]],<ref>((cite web|author1=Michael Morse |author2=Eugene Kiely |date=February 22, 2012|title=Santorum's Bogus Euthanasia Claims|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/santorums-bogus-euthanasia-claims/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712223221/http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/santorums-bogus-euthanasia-claims/|archive-date=July 12, 2014|access-date=June 13, 2014|work=[[FactCheck.org]]|publisher=[[Annenberg Public Policy Center]]|quote=But the facts are clear: Santorum grossly misrepresented the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands when making his case against it.|df=mdy-all))</ref> and [[Glenn Kessler (journalist)|Glenn Kessler]], fact-checker for ''The Washington Post'', said there was no evidence to support them.<ref>((cite news|last=Kessler|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist)|date=February 22, 2012|title=Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Rick Santorum's bogus statistics|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/euthanasia-in-the-netherlands-rick-santorums-bogus-statistics/2012/02/21/gIQAJaRbSR_blog.html|url-status=live|access-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108212741/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/euthanasia-in-the-netherlands-rick-santorums-bogus-statistics/2012/02/21/gIQAJaRbSR_blog.html|archive-date=January 8, 2019|quote=There appears to be not a shred of evidence to back up Santorum's claims about euthanasia in the Netherlands. It is telling that his campaign did not even bother to defend his comments.|df=mdy-all))</ref> Santorum's comments were met with a significant backlash in the Netherlands and were significantly criticized worldwide.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/rick-santorums-involuntary-euthanasia-claim-outrages-dutch-video-413592 |title=Rick Santorum's 'Involuntary Euthanasia' Claim Outrages Dutch |first=Melanie |last=Jones |date=February 20, 2012 |work=International Business Times |access-date=June 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710093017/http://www.ibtimes.com/rick-santorums-involuntary-euthanasia-claim-outrages-dutch-video-413592 |archive-date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all ))</ref>

===Fiscal policy===
As U.S. representative from Pennsylvania, in each year from 1992 through 1994 Santorum received a grade of B, and as U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania he received grades of A from 1995 through 1997, B+ in 1998 and 1999, B in 2000, A from 2001 through 2004, B in 2005, and B+ in 2006 from the [[National Taxpayers Union]], a [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[Taxpayer groups|taxpayers advocacy organization]].<ref>((Citation|url=http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum-2|title=National Taxpayers Union – Rick Santorum|publisher=[[National Taxpayers Union]]|access-date=September 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002061540/http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum-2|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>((Citation|url=http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum|title=National Taxpayers Union – Rick Santorum|publisher=[[National Taxpayers Union]]|access-date=September 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002055153/http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref>

===Gun laws===
Santorum, who received nearly $116,000 from the gun lobby from 1990 to 2017, has consistently supported gun rights.<ref>Fisher, Tyler; Frostenson, Sarah; Mihalik, Lily, [https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/gun-lobbying-spending-in-america-congress/?query=Rick+Santorum, "The gun lobby: See how much your representative gets"], ''Politico'', February 21, 2018, Retrieved March 25, 2018</ref><ref>((cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Rick Santorum on Gun Rights|url=http://gunowners.org/ricksantorum-2012.htm|access-date=March 11, 2012|date=February 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510163451/http://gunowners.org/ricksantorum-2012.htm|archive-date=May 10, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> Santorum is an advocate of the [[Right to keep and bear arms in the United States|right to bear arms]]. He is also a defender of gun manufacturers, and voted for the 2005 [[Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act]] (Bill S 397), which prevents civil suits from being brought against gun manufacturers for criminal acts perpetrated with their weapons.<ref>((cite web|url=http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Gun-Control.php|title=Santorum on Gun Control|author=politicks Org|date=August 10, 2015|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802132714/http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Gun-Control.php|archive-date=August 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> On March 25, 2018, in response to the "[[March for Our Lives]]", Santorum told CNN that rather than marching the students should "take CPR classes" instead of "looking to someone else to solve their problems."<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/santorum-knocks-marches-kids-should-learn-cpr/vi-BBKG0xT|date=March 25, 2018|title=Santorum knocks marches: Kids should learn CPR|publisher=[[MSN]]|access-date=March 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232812/http://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/santorum-knocks-marches-kids-should-learn-cpr/vi-BBKG0xT|archive-date=March 25, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'' called the comment "asinine on its face," but said that, even so, the response from doctors, journalists and students about the "stupid" comment was excessive.<ref>[https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cnn-santorum-gun-cpr.php The media today: CNN's Santorum 'controversy' shows the worst of cable news] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223200337/https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cnn-santorum-gun-cpr.php |date=2018-12-23 )) By Pete Vernon, CJR, March 27, 2018</ref>

===Immigration===
In 2015, Santorum called for more restrictions on family-based immigration after warning of a "flood of legal—not illegal—immigrants to our country", which he blamed for depressing the median income of American workers.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-2016-message |title=Rick Santorum's 2016 message comes into focus |last1=Sarlin |first1=Benjy |date=January 19, 2015 |website=www.msnbc.com |publisher=NBC UNIVERSAL |access-date=January 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121153824/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-2016-message |archive-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all ))</ref>

In 2006, Santorum opposed the [[Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006|Senate's immigration reform proposal]], saying the U.S. should simply act to enforce currently existing laws. He has openly stated his opposition to amnesty for illegal immigrants. He supports the construction of a barrier along the [[U.S.-Mexican border|U.S.–Mexican border]], an increase in the number of border patrol agents, and the stationing of [[United States National Guard|National Guard]] troops along the border. He also believes that illegal immigrants should be deported immediately when they commit crimes and that undocumented immigrants should not receive benefits from the government. He believes English should be established as the national language in the United States.<ref name="issues"/> Santorum cites his own family's history (his father immigrated to the U.S. from Italy) as proof of how to immigrate "the right way".<ref name="in iowa1"/>

At the 2015 Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said the volume of legal immigration into the United States is also too high, and stated that the number of immigrants lawfully entering the country was "affecting American workers" by taking jobs and lowering wages.<ref name="The Hill">((cite web|author1=Devaney, Tim|title=Santorum: Immigrants costing US jobs|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/230639-santorum-immigrants-costing-us-jobs|website=TheHill.com|publisher=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|quote=We need an immigration policy that puts American workers first.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128032018/http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/230639-santorum-immigrants-costing-us-jobs|archive-date=January 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Iowa Freedom Summit, Rick Santorum|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?323834-11/iowa-freedom-summit-rick-santorum|website=C-Span.org|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320143402/http://www.c-span.org/video/?323834-11%2Fiowa-freedom-summit-rick-santorum|archive-date=March 20, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> Santorum claimed that all "net new jobs" created in the United States economy since 2000 have gone to immigrants (both legal and illegal).<ref>((cite news|author1=Ye Hee Lee, Michelle|title=Santorum's claim that all 'net new jobs' went to immigrants and fewer native-born Americans are working since 2000|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/28/santorums-claim-that-all-net-new-jobs-went-to-immigrants-and-fewer-native-born-americans-are-working-since-2000/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130155614/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/28/santorums-claim-that-all-net-new-jobs-went-to-immigrants-and-fewer-native-born-americans-are-working-since-2000/|archive-date=January 30, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> At the Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said: "We need an immigration policy that puts American workers first."<ref name="The Hill"/>

=== Libertarianism ===
In June 2011, Santorum said he would continue to "fight very strongly against [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian influence]] within the Republican Party and the conservative movement."<ref>[http://townhall.com/tipsheet/greghengler/2012/01/05/rick_santorums_real_concerns_about_the_tea_party Rick Santorum's "Real Concerns" About The Tea Party] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214200908/http://townhall.com/tipsheet/greghengler/2012/01/05/rick_santorums_real_concerns_about_the_tea_party |date=2016-12-14 )) ''[[Townhall.com]]'' January 5, 2012</ref> In an interview with [[NPR]] in the summer of 2005, Santorum discussed what he called the "[[right-libertarianism|libertarianish right]]", saying "they have this idea that people should be left alone, be able to do whatever they want to do. Government should keep our taxes down and keep our regulation low and that we shouldn't get involved in the bedroom, we shouldn't get involved in cultural issues, you know, people should do whatever they want. Well, that is not how traditional conservatives view the world, and I think most conservatives understand that individuals can't go it alone."<ref>[[Steve Inskeep]], host [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905 Rick Santorum, 'It Takes a Family'] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116070805/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905 |date=2018-11-16 )) ''[[NPR]]'' August 4, 2005</ref>

===Minimum wage===
During his 2016 presidential campaign, Santorum came out in support of an increase in the federal minimum wage. In September 2015, he said, "'Republicans are losing elections because we aren't talking about [workers], all we want to talk about is what happened to business, there are people that work in those businesses.'"<ref>((Cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-primaries/253957-santorum-defends-raising-minimum-wage |title=Santorum defends raising minimum wage |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034832/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-primaries/253957-santorum-defends-raising-minimum-wage |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live |date=September 16, 2015 ))</ref>

===Paid family leave===
Santorum supports [[paid family leave]].<ref>((cite news |title=Paid Family Leave Will Support Working Families |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/11/paid-family-leave-working-families-good-policy-good-politics/ |work=National Review |date=26 November 2018))</ref>

===Pornography===
On his website, Santorum said that the "Obama Administration has turned a blind eye" to [[pornography]], but promised the situation would "change under a Santorum Administration."<ref name=santorumusatoday>((cite news|last=Sneed|first=Tierney|title=Is Rick Santorum Right on Banning Internet Porn?|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/03/16/is-rick-santorum-right-on-banning-internet-porn|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=March 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152836/http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/03/16/is-rick-santorum-right-on-banning-internet-porn|archive-date=March 24, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> According to ''[[USA Today]]'', some conservatives believe Santorum's opposition to pornography could "hurt the party politically."<ref name=santorumusatoday/> On March 23, 2012, Santorum wrote on his campaign website that there is "a wealth of research" demonstrating that pornography causes "profound brain changes" and widespread negative effects on children and adults, including violence to women.<ref name=santorumhp>((cite news|title=Santorum Says Porn Causes Aggression But Scientists Disagree|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/23/santorum-porn-agression_n_1376285.html|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=March 23, 2012|first=Melissa|last=Cronin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326190112/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/23/santorum-porn-agression_n_1376285.html|archive-date=March 26, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> Researchers say that there is no such evidence of brain changes, although pornography's harmfulness "is still in dispute."<ref name=santorumhp/>

Santorum defended his assertions by saying that "the Obama [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] seems to favor pornographers over children and families", and that the department's failure to prosecute the porn industry "proves his point."<ref name=obamapornstance>((cite news|title=Rick Santorum: Pornography Not A Priority For Obama Administration|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum_n_1355916.html|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=March 18, 2012|first=Ryan|last=Grim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323175051/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum_n_1355916.html|archive-date=March 23, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> He then said that Obama has not put a priority on tackling the porn industry, "putting children at risk as a result of that."<ref name=obamapornstance/> In a position paper circulated in March 2012, Santorum said he would order his attorney general to "vigorously enforce" existing laws that "prohibit distribution of hardcore (obscene) pornography on the Internet, on cable/satellite TV, on hotel/motel TV, in retail shops and through the mail or by common carrier."<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/President/2012/0317/Rick-Santorum-vows-to-end-pandemic-of-pornography.-Could-he-prevail Rick Santorum vows to end 'pandemic of pornography.' Could he prevail?] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107155957/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/President/2012/0317/Rick-Santorum-vows-to-end-pandemic-of-pornography.-Could-he-prevail |date=2017-11-07 )) By Patrik Jonsson, ''The Christian Science Monitor'', March 17, 2012</ref>

===Poverty===
While in Congress, Santorum supported efforts to fight global [[HIV/AIDS]],<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/bono-rick-santorum-aids-africa/index.html|title=Bono: 'Rick Santorum is in the house!'|author=Eugene Scott|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=August 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225120852/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/bono-rick-santorum-aids-africa/index.html|archive-date=February 25, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> provide assistance to orphans and vulnerable children in developing countries, combat [[War in Darfur|genocide in Sudan]], and offer [[Debt relief#Third world debt|third world debt relief]].<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|title=Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum|last=Brooks|first=David|date=October 29, 2006|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009193039/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|archive-date=October 9, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref> In 2006, rock musician and humanitarian [[Bono]] said of Santorum, "he has been a defender of the most vulnerable."<ref name="political theater"/><ref name="his share"/> On the domestic front, Santorum supported home ownership tax credits, savings accounts for children, rewarding savings by low-income families, funding [[autism]] research, fighting [[tuberculosis]], and providing housing for people with HIV/AIDS. He supported increased funding for Social Services Block Grants and organizations like Healthy Start and the [[Children's Aid Society]], and financing community health centers.<ref name="political theater"/>

===Social Security===
Santorum supported partial privatization of [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]], and following [[2004 United States presidential election|President Bush's reelection]], he held forums across Pennsylvania on the topic.<ref name="msnbc"/>

===Trade policy===
The [[Cato Institute]]'s Center for Trade Policy Studies identified Santorum, during his U.S. Senate tenure, as having a mostly pro-[[free trade]] and mostly anti-[[subsidy|subsidies]] voting record.<ref>((cite web|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|url=http://www.cato.org/research/trade-immigration/congress?senator=91|title=Free Trade, Free Markets: Rating the Congress|access-date=September 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://www.cato.org/research/trade-immigration/congress?senator=91|archive-date=January 30, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all))</ref>

==Electoral history==
((Election box begin no change
 | title=[[1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania]]))
((Election box winning candidate with party link no change
 | party = Republican Party (United States)
 | candidate = Rick Santorum
 | votes = 1,735,691
 | percentage = 49.40%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party = Democratic Party (United States)
 | candidate = [[Harris Wofford]] (incumbent)
 | votes = 1,648,481
 | percentage = 46.92%
))
((Election box candidate no change
 | party = Patriot Party
 | candidate = Diane G. Blough
 | votes = 69,825
 | percentage = 1.99%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party = Libertarian Party (United States)
 | candidate = Donald Ernsberger
 | votes = 59,115
 | percentage = 1.68%
))
((Election box write-in with party link no change
 | votes      = 249
 | percentage = 0.01%
))
((Election box total no change
 | votes      = 3,513,361
 | percentage = 100.00%
))
((Election box gain with party link no swing
  |winner     = Republican Party (United States)
  |loser      = Democratic Party (United States)
))
((Election box end))
((Election box begin no change
 | title      = [[2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2000/2000Stat.htm|title = Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives))</ref>))
((Election box winning candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Republican Party (United States)
 | candidate  = Rick Santorum (incumbent)
 | votes      = 2,481,962
 | percentage = 52.4%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
 | candidate  = [[Ron Klink]]
 | votes      = 2,154,908
 | percentage = 45.5%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
 | candidate  = John Featherman
 | votes      = 45,775
 | percentage = 1.0%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Constitution Party (United States)
 | candidate  = Lester Searer
 | votes      = 28,382
 | percentage = 0.6%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Reform Party (United States)
 | candidate  = Robert Domske
 | votes      = 24,089
 | percentage = 0.5%
))
((Election box total no change
| votes      = 4,735,116
| percentage = 100.00%
))
((Election box hold with party link no swing
 | winner     = Republican Party (United States)
))
((Election box end))

((Election box begin no change
 | title      = [[2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania]]<ref>((Cite web|url=https://electionreturns.pa.gov/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529001955/http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=12&ElectionID=24|url-status=dead|title=Pennsylvania Elections - Summary Results|archivedate=May 29, 2008|website=electionreturns.pa.gov))</ref>))
((Election box winning candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
 | candidate  = [[Bob Casey, Jr.]]
 | votes      = 2,392,984
 | percentage = 58.64%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
 | party      = Republican Party (United States)
 | candidate  = Rick Santorum (incumbent)
 | votes      = 1,684,778
 | percentage = 41.28%
))
((Election box write-in with party link no change
 | votes      = 3,281
 | percentage = 0.08%
))
((Election box total no change
 | votes      = 4,081,043
 | percentage = 100.00%
))
((Election box gain with party link no swing
  |winner     = Democratic Party (United States)
  |loser      = Republican Party (United States)
  |swing      = -24.4%
))
((Election box end))

((Election box begin no change
| title = Cumulative results of the [[2012 Republican Party presidential primaries]]
))
((Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Mitt Romney]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 10,031,336
| percentage = 52.13%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Rick Santorum
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 3,932,069
| percentage = 20.43%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Newt Gingrich]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,734,571
| percentage = 14.21%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Ron Paul]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,095,762
| percentage = 10.89%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Jon Huntsman Jr.|Jon Huntsman]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 83,918
| percentage = 0.44%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Rick Perry]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 54,769
| percentage = 0.28%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Michele Bachmann]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 35,089
| percentage = 0.21%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Buddy Roemer]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 33,588
| percentage = 0.17%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Herman Cain]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 40,666
| percentage = 0.07%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Fred Karger]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 12,743
| percentage = 0.06%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Gary Johnson]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 4,293
| percentage = 0.02%
))

((Election box end))

((Election box begin no change
| title = Cumulative results of the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries]]
))
((Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Donald Trump]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 14,015,993
| percentage = 44.95%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Ted Cruz]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 7,822,100
| percentage = 25.08%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[John Kasich]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 4,290,448
| percentage = 13.76%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Marco Rubio]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 3,515,576
| percentage = 11.27%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Ben Carson]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 857,039
| percentage = 2.75%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Jeb Bush]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 286,694
| percentage = 0.92%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Rand Paul]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 66,788
| percentage = 0.21%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Mike Huckabee]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 51,450
| percentage = 0.16%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Carly Fiorina]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 40,666
| percentage = 0.13%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Chris Christie]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 57,637
| percentage = 0.18%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Jim Gilmore]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 18,369
| percentage = 0.06%
))
((Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Rick Santorum
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 16,627
| percentage = 0.05%
))
((Election box end))

==Personal life==
[[File:Karen Santorum and daughter Sarah Maria, Value Voters Summit 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Rick Santorum's wife Karen, along with daughter Sarah Maria, at the [[Values Voter Summit]] in October 2011]]
Santorum met his future wife, Karen Garver (born 1960), while she was a neo-natal nurse studying law at the University of Pittsburgh and he was recruiting summer interns for [[K&L Gates|Kirkpatrick & Lockhart]]. They married in 1990<ref name="20things"/> and have seven living children.

In 1996, the Santorums' son Gabriel was born prematurely after 20 weeks of pregnancy and died in the hospital two hours later. Karen wrote that she and Rick slept with Gabriel's body between them in the hospital that night and brought his body home the following day so that their other children could see him.<ref name="sokolove"/><ref name="letters"/><ref>((cite web|title=Rick Santorum: Faith and conservatism fuel bid for Republican presidential nomination |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/10/rick-santorum/|date=February 11, 2012))</ref> The Santorums' four eldest children appeared with their parents on ''[[Piers Morgan Tonight]]'' in January 2012. Elizabeth, who was five at the time of Gabriel's death, said she was glad to have seen him, and that he holds a place in her heart.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFuQGIhLm1A | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211104/GFuQGIhLm1A| archive-date=2021-11-04 | url-status=live|title=Santorum: Brought baby home to bury him |publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=January 20, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013))((cbignore))</ref>

Santorum traveled, in 2002, to Rome to speak at a centenary celebration of the birth of Saint [[Josemaría Escrivá]], founder of [[Opus Dei]].<ref name=Allen/><ref name="the lip"/> He and his wife were invested as Knight and Dame of Magistral Grace of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Knights of Malta]] in a ceremony at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick's Cathedral]] in New York on November 12, 2004.<ref name="sovereign"/>

Santorum's net worth has been estimated between $880,000 and $3 million,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.theirnetworth.com/Politicians/Rick_Santorum/|title=Rick Santorum Net Worth – How much is Rick Santorum worth?|publisher=Their Net Worth|access-date=March 7, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415154033/http://www.theirnetworth.com/Politicians/Rick_Santorum/|archive-date=April 15, 2012|df=mdy-all))</ref> which is mainly held as five rental properties around [[Penn State University]],<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/04/net-worth-gop-presidential-candidates/|title=The Net Worth of GOP Presidential Candidates|publisher=Foxbusiness.com|date=April 7, 2010|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106202403/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/04/net-worth-gop-presidential-candidates/|archive-date=January 6, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all))</ref> two personal homes in [[Great Falls, Virginia|Great Falls]] and [[Penn Hills, Pennsylvania|Penn Hills]],<ref>((cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2012/news/economy/1201/gallery.presedential-candidates-wealth/6.html|title=Election 2012: How rich are these guys?|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 13, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref> and some [[Roth IRA|IRAs]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.davemanuel.com/2012/01/20/the-rich-list-2012-presidential-race-edition/|title=The Rich List – 2012 Presidential Race Edition|publisher=Davemanuel.com|access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref> In 1997, Santorum purchased a three-bedroom house in the Pittsburgh suburb of Penn Hills. In 2001, he bought a $640,000 house in [[Leesburg, Virginia]],<ref name="BloombergJan2012"/> sold it in 2007 for $850,000,<ref>((cite web|url=http://blog.movoto.com/homes-for-sale/right-leaning-novelty-real-estate-gop-candidates-homes-for-sale/|title=Right-Leaning Novelty Real Estate: GOP Candidates' Homes for Sale|publisher=Blog.movoto.com|date=November 7, 2011|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-date=December 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210173212/http://blog.movoto.com/homes-for-sale/right-leaning-novelty-real-estate-gop-candidates-homes-for-sale/|url-status=dead))</ref> and purchased a $2 million home in [[Great Falls, Virginia]].<ref>((cite web|last=Riggs|first=Erika|url=http://www.zillow.com/blog/2012-01-09/gop-candidates-look-to-trade-these-homes-for-white-house/|title=GOP Candidates Look to Trade These Homes for White House &#124; Zillow Blog – Real Estate Market Stats, Celebrity Real Estate, and Zillow News|publisher=Zillow.com|date=January 9, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-date=February 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206161749/http://www.zillow.com/blog/2012-01-09/gop-candidates-look-to-trade-these-homes-for-white-house/|url-status=dead))</ref>

According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', Santorum has paid $50,000 per year out of pocket for medical expenses not covered by insurance for his daughter Isabella's [[Trisomy 18]].<ref name="nytimes/2012/santorum-daughter-pneumonia">((cite news |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |last2=Saulny |first2=Susan |title=Santorum Daughter's Illness a Test for Candidate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/us/politics/rick-santorums-daughter-3-overcomes-a-bout-of-pneumonia.html |access-date=21 October 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-01-31))</ref><ref name="WaPoBella">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/santorums-new-book-reveals-how-faith-and-love-are-tested-by-a-daughters-disability/2015/02/07/27a1728e-ac85-11e4-ad71-7b9eba0f87d6_story.html?wpisrc=al_alert|title=Santorums' new book reveals how faith and love are tested by a daughter's disability|author=Karen Tumulty|date=February 7, 2015|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 10, 2015))</ref> The Santorums once paid $25,000 to have Isabella airlifted from a Virginia hospital to a children's hospital in Philadelphia.<ref name="WaPoBella"/>

In his free time, Santorum is an avid [[fantasy baseball]] player.<ref>((cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Ben|title=Tough-to-Beat Election Behind Him, Rick Santorum Plays Fantasy Baseball|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/13/tough-to-beat-election-behind-him-rick-santorum-plays-fantasy-baseball.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]]|access-date=March 21, 2015|date=April 13, 2012))</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Rick Santorum prays.jpg|thumb|right|Rick Santorum at prayer, 2012]]
Although he was raised in a nominally Catholic household, Santorum's faith began to deepen when he met his future wife, Karen. By his account, conversations with her father, Kenneth Garver, a staunch Catholic and abortion opponent, solidified his understanding and opposition to abortion. He and his wife have since become increasingly religious.<ref>((cite news |author=Sheryl Gay Stolber |author2=Laurie Goodstein |date=March 3, 2012 |title=From 'Nominal Catholic' to Clarion of Faith |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/us/politics/from-nominal-catholic-to-clarion-of-faith.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[The New York Times]]))</ref> Santorum now considers himself a devout Catholic and acknowledges his faith as the source of his politics and worldview.<ref>((cite web |author=Stan Guthrie |date=March 28, 2005 |title=Sen. Rick Santorum: I Draw No Line Between My Faith and My Decisions ... |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/marchweb-only/113-12.0.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=Christianity Today))</ref> He attends Mass almost daily and organized a Catholic study group for lawmakers while in Congress.<ref>((cite news |author=Rachel Zoll And Kasie Hunt |date=March 18, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum Not Getting Catholic Vote |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum-catholics-_n_1357050.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref>

Santorum proudly calls himself a [[culture war]]rior and true [[Christian right|Christian conservative]]. In so positioning himself, he has garnered popularity among Protestant [[evangelicals]], but his support among Catholics is not as robust.<ref>((cite news |last=Raushenbush |first=Paul |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Pastor Dennis Terry Introduces Rick Santorum, Tells Non-Christians And Liberals To Get Out (VIDEO) |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/dennis-terry-rick-santorum_n_1364414.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |author=Juana Summers |author2=Alexander Burns |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum emphasizes his Christian roots |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0212/72633.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[Politico]]))</ref> Santorum's emphasis on his "Christian roots" was especially favored by evangelicals in the Midwest and Southern states during the 2012 primaries, although he lost the Republican Catholic vote in most states to Romney.<ref>((cite news |date=March 31, 2012 |title=Catholic Rick Santorum struggling to convert GOP Catholics to his cause |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/catholic-rick-santorum-struggling-convert-gop-catholics-article-1.1053920 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York))</ref> Exit polls found only 42% of those Catholics and less than a third of Protestant evangelicals knew Santorum was Catholic.<ref>((cite news |author=David Lauter |date=March 14, 2012 |title=Poll: Most Republicans don't know Rick Santorum is Catholic |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/14/news/la-pn-gop-primary-poll-religion-20120314 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]))</ref> After Santorum won Protestant-majority states Alabama and Mississippi but lost in heavily Catholic Puerto Rico, ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' said he "seemed exasperated by the trend"<ref name="catholicsupport">((cite news |author=Max J. Rosenthal |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum Frustrated By Low Support From Fellow Catholics |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/rick-santorum-catholics-low-support_n_1364991.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref> and said his [[political base|base support]] came from "people who take their faith seriously", not necessarily fellow Catholics.<ref name="catholicsupport" />

Santorum has written for Catholic publications and frequently comments on political issues from a religious standpoint. He has said, "I don't believe in an America where the [[separation of church and state]] is absolute. The First Amendment means the free exercise of religion and that means bringing people and their faith into the public square."<ref>((cite news |date=February 26, 2012 |title=Santorum says he doesn't believe in separation of church and state |url=https://news.yahoo.com/santorum-says-doesnt-believe-separation-church-state-164307440.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Alana |date=February 26, 2012 |title=Santorum: Separation Of Church And State 'Makes Me Want To Throw Up' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/26/santorum-church-and-state_n_1302246.html?ref=mostpopular |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref> In an interview with the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]'', Santorum said that the distinction between private religious conviction and public responsibility, espoused by President [[John F. Kennedy]], had caused "great harm in America". He said: "All of us have heard people say, 'I privately am against abortion, homosexual marriage, stem cell research, cloning. But who am I to decide that it's not right for somebody else?' It sounds good, but it is the corruption of freedom of conscience."<ref name="Allen" /> He told a group of college students in 2008 that the United States had been founded on "Judeo-Christian" ethics, and now "it is a shambles, it is gone from the world of Christianity as I see it."<ref>((cite news |author=Ryan Grim |date=February 18, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum In 2008: Mainstream Protestantism Fell Out Of 'World Of Christianity(('-)) |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/18/rick-santorum-protestantism_n_1286471.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref>

Santorum has said he values faith over politics and considers politicians' faith significant. He questioned whether Barack Obama truly has a religion, alleging that he may have chosen Christianity as a politically expedient platform for power.<ref name="faithbasedcriticism">((cite news |last=Tartar |first=Andre |date=February 19, 2012 |title=Santorum Says Obama's Not a Real Christian, Then Grudgingly Admits He Is |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2012/02/santorum-implies-hes-the-only-real-christian.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York Intelligencer]]))</ref> Santorum has said that "if the president says he's a Christian, he's a Christian" but has stated that Obama's agenda is based on a "phony theology", not the Bible.<ref>((cite web |date=February 19, 2012 |title=Santorum Says Obama's Agenda Based on 'Phony' Theology, Not Bible |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/santorum-says-obamas-agenda-based-on-phony-theology-not-bible-69806/ |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=The Christian Post))</ref> In an interview with [[Glenn Beck]], Santorum said Obama's desire for greater higher education rates nationwide was a veiled attempt at "indoctrination", saying that "62 percent of kids who go into college with a faith commitment leave without it." Santorum declined to provide a source for that figure.<ref>((cite news |date=February 23, 2012 |title=Santorum: Obama College Plan Aimed at 'Indoctrination' |url=https://news.yahoo.com/santorum-obama-college-plan-aimed-indoctrination-221507241.html |work=[[National Journal]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |date=February 23, 2012 |title=Highlights: Rick Santorum talks economy, controversy, and faith on GBTV |url=http://www.glennbeck.com/2012/02/23/developing-rick-santorum-talks-economy-controversy-and-faith-on-gbtv |access-date=May 13, 2013 |publisher=[[TheBlaze|GBTV]]))</ref> He believes colleges reinforce [[secular]] [[relativism]] and antagonize religiosity, particularly Christianity, and lists young people's support for abortion, gay marriage, and [[pornography]] as "symptoms" of indoctrination.<ref>((cite news |author=Cavan Sieczkowski |date=January 18, 2013 |title=Rick Santorum Blames Gay Marriage, Abortion And Porn Ideals On College Indoctrination |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/18/rick-santorum-blames-gay-marriage-abortion-porn-college-indoctrination_n_2501970.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=[[HuffPost]]))</ref>

==Books==
Santorum has written four books: ''[[It Takes a Family|It Takes a Family: Conservatism and the Common Good]]'' (2005);<ref>((Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=It Takes a Family: Conservatism and the Common Good|year=2005|publisher=[[Intercollegiate Studies Institute]]|isbn=978-1-932236-29-3|title-link=It Takes a Family))</ref> ''American Patriots: Answering the Call to Freedom'' (2012);<ref>((Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=American Patriots: Answering the Call to Freedom|year=2012|publisher=[[Tyndale House Publishers]]|isbn=978-1414379081))</ref> ''Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America That Works'' (2014);<ref>((Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America That Works|year=2014|publisher=[[Regnery Publishing]]|isbn=978-1621572398))</ref>  and ''Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation'' (2015).<ref>((Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation|year=2015|publisher=Thomas Nelson |isbn=978-0718021955))</ref> In addition to Santorum's books, a collection of his speeches as a U.S. senator was published and released by Monument Press in 2005 under the title ''Rick Santorum: A Senator Speaks Out on Life, Freedom, and Responsibility''.

Santorum also wrote a foreword to [[William A. Dembski]]'s 2006 ''Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson and the Intelligent Design Movement''<ref>((Cite book|title=Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson and the Intelligent Design Movement|year=2006|author=Foreword by Rick Santorum|editor=[[William A. Dembski]]|isbn=978-0-8308-2836-4|publisher=IVP Academic|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/darwinsnemes_xxxx_2006_000_10458437))</ref> and a 2006 autobiography.<ref>((Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Rick Santorum |year=2005|publisher=Monument Press |isbn=978-0-9769668-0-7))</ref>

In ''It Takes a Family'', Santorum argues that the traditional family is the foundation of society. Santorum criticizes alike laissez-faire conservatives and liberal proponents of social welfare for promoting a radical view of autonomy. In particular, he criticizes the "bigs" – "big government, big media, big entertainment, big universities." The book became a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[The New York Times Best Seller list|bestseller]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://secureapps.libraries.psu.edu/PACFTB/bios/biography.cfm?AuthorID=1530|title=Author biographies|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193721/https://secureapps.libraries.psu.edu/PACFTB/bios/biography.cfm?AuthorID=1530|url-status=dead))</ref>

''American Patriots'' tells the stories of 25 lesser-known Americans from the [[American Revolution]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/49260781/ns/today-books/#.UHEk7ZG9KSM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006024006/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/49260781/ns/today-books#.UHEk7ZG9KSM |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 6, 2012 |title=Santorum cites unsung heroes of the American Revolution (book excerpt) |work=[[MSNBC]] |date=October 2, 2012 |author=Rick Santorum |access-date=January 20, 2013))</ref> Santorum writes, "Most Americans know something about our Founding Fathers and their role in creating the government of the United States. However, most know little about the day-to-day battles fought by Americans of all backgrounds that paved the way for the high ideals of our founders to be put into practice."<ref name="POLITICOamericanpatriots">[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1012/82709.html "Rick Santorum slams 'pursuit of happiness(('"))]. POLITICO. 22 October 2012.</ref> He also writes, "Today we are facing a threat to the very foundation our founders laid. That threat does not come from an alien force but from those who are willing and determined to abandon the concept of God-given rights. Like the royalty during the Revolution, today's elites wish to return to the pre-Revolutionary paradigm in which they, through governmental force, allocate rights and responsibilities."<ref name="POLITICOamericanpatriots"/>

''Blue Collar Conservatives'' departs from traditional Republican orthodoxy<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> and says that the Republican Party must appeal to [[blue collar]] Americans. He says, "As many as six million blue collar voters stayed home from the polls, and there's good reason to believe that a large majority of them would have voted Republican if they had voted."<ref name="POLITICObluecollar">[http://www.politico.com/story/2014/04/rick-santorum-book-106072.html?hp=f3 Rick Santorum bucks Republican orthodoxy in book] POLITICO</ref> Santorum puts forward a recipe for Republican success in which Republicans advocate for workers and not just corporations.<ref name="WTbook">[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/7/book-review-campaigns-should-emphasize-jobs/?page=all BOOK REVIEW: 'Blue Collar Conservatives(('"))]. ''The Washington Times''.</ref> He says that many middle class workers who have been forced into part-time jobs at [[big box stores]] or even into public assistance programs are amenable to the GOP's message if it is presented in relatable terms.<ref name="WTbook"/> He tackles education, saying the current system of government-run schools is a "relic of the late 19th century" and that children should not be pressured into going to college when a job or vocational training would be a better option.<ref name="WTbook"/> He criticizes [[libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]] influence in the Republican Party, saying, "There are some in my party who have taken the ideal of individualism to such an extreme that they have forgotten the obligation to look out for our fellow man."<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> He says the GOP should be less quick to dismiss concerns over decreasing social and economic mobility, saying that large businesses and stocks are strong, while life has become "a trickle" for workers.<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> He questions rich compensation of business executives, and says that while he supports [[free trade]], Republicans need to look at its impact on the average person and consider whether existing laws are fair.<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/>

In January 2015, Santorum announced ''Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation'', a book about his daughter Bella, who lives with a rare genetic condition called [[Trisomy 18]]. The book is authored by Santorum and his wife, Karen Santorum, and co-authored by their daughter, Elizabeth Santorum. It was released February 10, 2015.<ref>((cite web|url=http://gretawire.foxnewsinsider.com/2015/01/07/senator-rick-santorum-and-his-wife-have-a-book-coming-out-about-a-special-child-bella/|title=Senator Rick Santorum and his wife have a book coming out about a special child – Bella – Gretawire|work=Gretawire|access-date=August 10, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915063721/http://gretawire.foxnewsinsider.com/2015/01/07/senator-rick-santorum-and-his-wife-have-a-book-coming-out-about-a-special-child-bella/|archive-date=September 15, 2015|df=mdy-all))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|Biography|Pennsylvania|Conservatism))
* [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012]]
* [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016]]
* [[Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016]]

((Clear))

==References==
((Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="20mostcorrupt">((cite web|url=http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php|title=Sen. Rick Santorum (R-PA)|access-date=July 17, 2007|publisher=Citizens for Ethics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716180111/http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php|archive-date=July 16, 2007))</ref>

<ref name="20things">((cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060616/16santorum.htm|title=Nation & World: 20 things about Rick Santorum – ''U.S. News & World Report''|publisher=Usnews.com|date=June 16, 2006|access-date=January 11, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="a look">((cite news|title=A look into Santorum's brain|author=John Baer|work=Philadelphia Daily News|date=June 24, 2005|author-link=John Baer (journalist)))</ref>

<!----------------------ref name="a tale">((cite web|last=Lederman|first=Doug|url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/02/08/naicu|title=A Tale of 2 Speakers|website=Inside Higher Ed|date=February 8, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref------------------>

<ref name=AAAS>[http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/pdf/0219boardstatement.pdf "AAAS Statement on the Teaching of Evolution"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221125539/http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/pdf/0219boardstatement.pdf |date=February 21, 2006 )). [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. February 16, 2006. "... there is no significant controversy within the scientific community about the validity of the theory of evolution. The current controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution is not a scientific one."</ref>

<ref name="adds">((cite web|url=http://www.aviationweather.gov/adds/|title=ADDS – Aviation Digital Data Service|publisher=Aviationweather.gov|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="ad shows">((cite news|url=http://www.centredaily.com/mld/centredaily/15511495.htm |title=Santorum ad shows Casey "campaign team" behind bars |author=Kimberly Hefling |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=September 13, 2006 ))((dead link|date=April 2018|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref>

<ref name="after">((Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/us/politics/after-senate-santorums-beneficiaries-became-benefactors.html|title=After Santorum Left Senate, Familiar Hands Reached Out|first1=Mike|last1=McIntire|first2=Michael|last2=Luo|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 6, 2012))</ref>

<ref name=Allen>((cite news|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2002a/011802/011802f.htm|title=Opus Dei prestige on display at centenary event|author=Allen, John|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|volume=38|issue=11|date=January 18, 2002|page=8))</ref>

<ref name="aopa">((cite web|url=http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/air_traffic/nws.html |title=AOPA Online: Air Traffic Services Brief – National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 – Santorum Bill S. 786 |publisher=Aopa.org |access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="asks county">James O'Toole, [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06270/725348-177.stm "Santorum asks county to drop tax exemption"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', September 27, 2006</ref>

<!-- not used
<ref name="bereavement">((cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/columnists/view/20220107our_bereavement_is_our_own_jessica_heslam_has_a_message_for_critics_of_santorums_mourning|title=Our bereavement is our own|publisher=Bostonherald.com|date=January 7, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="BloombergJan2012">Heidi Przybyla and Julie Bykowicz, [https://archive.today/20130119194029/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-05/santorum-becomes-millionaire-in-six-years-after-u-s-senate-loss.html Santorum Becomes Millionaire in Six Years After U.S. Senate Loss] ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'' January 5, 2011</ref>

<ref name="board">((cite web|url=http://www.uhsinc.com/boardofdirectors_bio.php?i=3|title=Universal Health Services – Board of Directors|publisher=Uhsinc.com|access-date=February 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130042055/http://uhsinc.com/boardofdirectors_bio.php?i=3|archive-date=November 30, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<!-- <ref name="bomb">((cite news|title=GOP's Santorum says he would bomb Iran's nuclear facilities unless inspectors were allowed in|newspaper=[[Star Tribune]]|location=Minneapolis|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=January 1, 2012| url=http://www.startribune.com/136501628.html))</ref> -->

<ref name="breaks with">((cite news|title=Santorum Breaks With Christian-Rights Law Center|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| date=December 23, 2005|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202055.html?nav=rss_politics|access-date =January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="call">((cite news|url=http://www.ldnews.com/news/ci_4541386|title=Santorum issues GOP call to arms|author=Brad Rhen|work=Lebanon Daily News|date=October 25, 2006|access-date=October 29, 2006|archive-date=November 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105235751/http://www.ldnews.com/news/ci_4541386|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="candidate profile">((cite news|author=William Petroski|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/08/07/santorum-refuses-to-compromise-on-principles|title= Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles|date=August 7, 2011|work=Des Moines Register|access-date=January 16, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="casey widens">((cite web|title=Casey Widens Lead Over Santorum In Pennsylvania, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Voters Lean To Pro-Choice Side Of Abortion Debate|url=http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=873|publisher=[[Quinnipiac University]]|date=February 13, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223095612/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=873|archive-date=December 23, 2007|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="caucus speech">((cite news|last=Sonmez|first=Felicia|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/election-2012/post/santorums-iowa-caucus-speech-full-text-and-video/2012/01/04/gIQA5Q1naP_blog.html|title=Santorum's Iowa caucus speech (full text and video) – Election 2012|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 4, 2012|access-date=January 9, 2012))</ref>-->

<!-- not used
<ref name="charleslane">((cite news|last=Lane|first=Charles|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/rick-santorums-baby--and-mine/2011/03/04/gIQA0uH1eP_blog.html|title=Rick Santorum's baby-and mine|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 28, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="chris matthews">((cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/08/chris-matthews-rick-santorum_n_953581.html|title=Chris Matthews, Rick Santorum argue after Republican debate (video)|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=September 8, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Jack|last=Mirkinson))</ref>

<ref name="CNN12282011">((cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/28/cnn-poll-romney-on-top-gingrich-fading-santorum-rising-in-iowa/|title=CNN Poll: Romney on top, Gingrich fading & Santorum rising in Iowa|publisher=Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com|date=December 28, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012|archive-date=January 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101014148/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/28/cnn-poll-romney-on-top-gingrich-fading-santorum-rising-in-iowa/|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="considering bid">((cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/15/santorum-says-hes-considering-2012-bid/|publisher=[[CNN]]|title=Santorum says he's considering 2012 bid|access-date=May 22, 2010|date=January 15, 2010|archive-date=April 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428235049/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/15/santorum-says-hes-considering-2012-bid/|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="contacted google">((cite web|last=Burns|first=Alexander|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/63952.html|title=Rick Santorum contacted Google, says company spreads 'filth'|date=September 20, 2011 |publisher=[[Politico]]|access-date=September 21, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="daily brief">Ward, Jon. [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/08/primary-elections-2012_n_859037.html Brief "Primary Election 2012: Conservative Fears Of Permanent Welfare State May Create Wild Ride."] ''Huff Post'', May 8, 2011.</ref>

<ref name="dangerous">((cite news|last=McKinnon|first=Mark|author-link=Mark McKinnon|title=Santorum Is Dangerous|newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=August 12, 2009|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/08/12/santorum-is-dangerous.html|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="dems press">((cite news|url=http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/dems-press-cyber-cost-issue|title=Dems Press Cyber Cost Issue|author=Vera Miller|publisher=Penn Hills Progress|date=September 20, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111004049/http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/dems-press-cyber-cost-issue|archive-date=January 11, 2012|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="DMRpoll">((cite web|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/12/31/romney-leads-paul-in-new-des-moines-register-iowa-poll-santorum-surging/|title=Romney leads Paul in new Des Moines Register Iowa Poll; Santorum surges|publisher=Caucuses.desmoinesregister.com|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="donors">((cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/2006-08-01/news/25397092_1_carl-romanelli-santorum-supporters-larry-smar|title=Santorum donors give to Green Party. They helped fund a drive to get Carl Romanelli on the ballot, which some say may hurt Bob Casey Jr.|author=Carrie Budoff|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=August 1, 2006|access-date=January 16, 2012))</ref --------------->

<ref name="elephant">((cite web|title=Rick Santorum|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/columnists/rick_santorum/|access-date=April 15, 2008|archive-date=April 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406122833/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/columnists/rick_santorum/|url-status=dead))</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="ellis island">((cite web|url=http://www.ellisisland.org/search/passRecord.asp?MID=10856814860900318528&LNM=SANTORUM&PLNM=SANTORUM&first_kind=1&last_kind=1&town_kind=0&ship_kind=0&TOWN=null&SHIP=null&RF=10&ETHS=439&pID=601494030437|title=Passenger Record – Pietro Santorumg Nov 20 1923))</ref>-->

<ref name="endorses corbett">((cite web|url=http://www.politicspa.com/santorum-endorses-corbett/2225/|title=Santorum endorses Corbett|publisher=PoliticsPA|date=November 17, 2009|access-date=January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="experienced">((cite news|title=Santorum experienced major jump in income after leaving Senate|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/santorum-sees-major-jump-in-income-after-leaving-senate/2012/01/05/gIQAafWycP_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 5, 2012|first=Philip|last=Rucker))</ref>

<!-- not used
<ref name="experts">((cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/rick-santorum-dead-baby-critics-lambasted-families-grieve/story?id=15306750|title=Experts: Rick Santorum Grief Is Typical, But Taking Body Home, Unusual|publisher=[[ABC News]]|date=November 26, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="eyes gubernatorial">((cite news|title=Santorum eyes gubernatorial bud|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/whispers/s_530115.html|work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|date=September 30, 2007|access-date=March 13, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019042636/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/whispers/s_530115.html|archive-date=October 19, 2007|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="federal mandate">((cite web|url=http://ncseprojects.org/webfm_send/329|format=PDF|title=Is There a Federal Mandate to Teach Intelligent Design Creationism?|publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]]|access-date=October 29, 2010))</ref>

<ref name="fights">((cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/us/politics/santorum-fights-to-be-heard-amid-republican-din.html?_r=1|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Santorum Fights to Be Heard Amid Republican Din|date=September 30, 2011))</ref>

<!--<ref name="final iowa">((cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/politics/iowa-caucus/index.html|title=Final Iowa results show Santorum with 34-vote lead|date=January 19, 2012|work=CNNPolitics|publisher=[[CNN]]))</ref> -->

<ref name="fiscal record">((cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/01/05/rick-santorum-has-blemishes-on-conservative-record?PageNr=1|title=Santorum has blemishes on conservative record. In Congress, Santorum earned reputation as earmark user.|author=Andrew Miga|agency=[[Associated Press]]|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=January 5, 2012|access-date=January 13, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="fishers">((cite web|title=Fishers of Men|url=http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=30|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=Catholic Online|date=July 12, 2002|access-date=August 23, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="focusing">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05026/448138.stm|title=Santorum focusing on re-election to Senate, not White House run|author=Maeve Reston|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=January 26, 2005|archive-date=September 29, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929210424/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05026/448138.stm))</ref>

<ref name="fox news">((cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/topics/politics/rick-santorum.htm|title=Rick Santorum News and Video|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 7, 2010|access-date=January 1, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101034451/http://www.foxnews.com/topics/politics/rick-santorum.htm|archive-date=January 1, 2012|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="free and strong">((cite web|url=http://mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/ICYMI_Ingraham_Santorum_2.1|title=Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC|publisher=Mittromney.com|date=November 9, 2009|access-date=June 18, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714104409/http://mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/ICYMI_Ingraham_Santorum_2.1|archive-date=July 14, 2011|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name=forbes.com>((cite news|url=http://www.yorkdispatch.com/pennsylvania/ci_4404075|title=Casey Doubles Lead Over Santorum|author=Kimberly Hefling|work=[[York Dispatch]]|date=September 26, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="fromthehill">((cite web|url=http://www.issues.org/issues/18.3/hill.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212111532/http://www.issues.org/issues/18.3/hill.html|archive-date=December 12, 2007|title=Language on evolution attached to education law|work=Issues in Science and Technology|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]|date=Spring 2002|access-date=January 2, 2012))</ref>

<!--<ref name="fundraising">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07103/777609-28.stm|title=Santorum fundraising brings fine for Highmark|publisher=Post-gazette.com|date=April 13, 2007|access-date=January 2, 2012))</ref> -->
<ref name="future">((cite web|author=Rick Santorum|url=http://www.townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/2005/11/17/the_conservative_future_compassion|title=The Conservative Future: Compassion|date=November 17, 2005|publisher=Townhall.com|access-date=August 23, 2006|archive-date=October 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019203242/http://www.townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/2005/11/17/the_conservative_future_compassion|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="google problem">((cite news|last=Rovzar|first=Chris|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/09/does_rick_santorum_really_have.html|title=Does Rick Santorum Really Have a Google Problem?|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York Intelligencer]]|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=February 24, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="green party">((cite news|title=Green Party hopeful is out; win for Casey|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06277/727247-177.stm|author=James O'Toole|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 4, 2006|access-date=January 12, 2012))</ref>

<ref name=Helf>((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06202/707588-177.stm|title=Santorum says Iran at center of world's conflict|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=July 21, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Kimberly|last=Hefling))</ref>

<ref name="his share">((cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/news/2011/06/kathryn-jean-lopez-rick-santorum-has-his-share-believers|title=Kathryn Jean Lopez: Rick Santorum has his share of believers|access-date=January 2, 2012|publisher=ricksantorum.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120133449/http://www.ricksantorum.com/news/2011/06/kathryn-jean-lopez-rick-santorum-has-his-share-believers|archive-date=January 20, 2012|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="home school">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06254/720366-192.stm|title=Editorial: Home school/ Santorum, not the state, should pay Penn Hills|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=September 11, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="hurls">((cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17200385&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=418218&rfi=6|title=Santorum hurls the low hard one|author=Editorial|publisher=[[The Times-Tribune (Scranton)|The Times-Tribune]]|location=Scranton, Pennsylvania|date=September 15, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="illiberal">((cite news|url=http://www.arn.org/docs/ohio/washtimes_santorum031402.htm|title=Illiberal Education in Ohio Schools|author=Rick Santorum|work=The Washington Times|date=March 14, 2002))</ref>

<ref name="impugns">((cite news |last1=Eichel |first1=Larry |title=Santorum ad impugns ethics of Casey 'team(('-)). It portrays investigated men. None, however, has a formal campaign role |url=http://articles.philly.com/2006-09-14/news/25413197_1_larry-smar-santorum-democrat-bob-casey |access-date=2019-12-16 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=14 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://articles.philly.com/2006-09-14/news/25413197_1_larry-smar-santorum-democrat-bob-casey |archive-date=2016-01-30 |url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="in iowa1">((cite news|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/12/12/santorum-in-iowa-catholic-bishops-are-wrong-on-immigration/|title=Santorum in Iowa: Catholic bishops are wrong on immigration &#124; Iowa Caucuses|work=The Des Moines Register|date=December 12, 2011|access-date=June 1, 2015))</ref> --->

<!--not being used<ref name="in iowa">((cite news|last=West|first=Paul|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-santorum-dogged-by-specter-endorsement-in-iowa-20120102,0,7833929.story|title=In Iowa, Specter endorsement haunts Rick Santorum|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 28, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref ------>

<ref name="intelligent design">((cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=CSC&id=1484|title=Intelligent Design, Freedom, & Education|author=Phillip E. Johnson|date=May 9, 2003|publisher=Breakpoint.org and [[Discovery Institute]] News|access-date=August 23, 2006|author-link=Phillip E. Johnson|archive-date=September 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930025247/http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=CSC&id=1484|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="intelligent judging">((cite journal|doi=10.1056/NEJMlim055660|title=Intelligent Judging – Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom|year=2006|last1=Annas|first1=George J.|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=354|issue=21|pages=2277–81|pmid=16723620|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/1287))</ref>

<ref name="iraqi chemical">((cite web|title=Report on Iraqi Chemical Munitions|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=1078|date=June 21, 2006|access-date=September 13, 2006|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924010716/http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=1078|archive-date=September 24, 2006|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="issues">((cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6|title=On the Issues|publisher=RickSantorum.com|access-date=August 23, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711215552/http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6|archive-date=July 11, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="it takes">((cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905|title=Rick Santorum, 'It Takes a Family'|work=Interview with Rick Santorum|publisher=[[National Public Radio]] [[Morning Edition]]|date=August 4, 2005))</ref>

<ref name="joyner2007">((cite news|last=Joyner|first=James|title=Santorum Ouster Means End of Senate Candy Desk|url=http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/santorum_ouster_means_end_of_senate_candy_desk/|newspaper=Outside the Beltway|date=January 5, 2007))</ref>

<ref name="k street">Josh Hicks (January 9, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/rick-santorum-and-the-k-street-project-fact-checker-biography/2012/01/05/gIQAbqwgjP_blog.html "Rick Santorum and the K Street Project"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref>

<!--<ref name=Khan>((cite news|title=Karen Santorum: Gay Activists Have 'Vilified' My Husband|author=Khan, Naureen|work=National Journal |date=January 16, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="kidding">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06258/722043-153.stm|title=Santorum has got to be kidding|publisher=Post-gazette.com|date=September 15, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Tony|last=Norman))</ref>

<ref name="kitzmiller_pg89">[[s:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District/4:Whether ID Is Science#Page 89 of 139|''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District'']]. p. 89. "ID's backers have sought to avoid the scientific scrutiny ... by advocating that the ''controversy'', but not ID itself, should be taught in science class. This tactic is at best disingenuous ..."</ref>

<ref name="lanc333">((cite web|url=http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/227765|title=Santorum weighs in on race|work=Lancaster Online|date=September 24, 2008|access-date=June 18, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127113932/http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/227765|archive-date=January 27, 2013|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="language">((cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/santorumLanguageShouldGuide.pdf|title=Why the Santorum Language Should Guide State Science Education Standards|author=Bruce Chapman|author2=David DeWolf|publisher=[[Discovery Institute]]|access-date=August 23, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928195043/http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/santorumLanguageShouldGuide.pdf|archive-date=September 28, 2006|df=mdy-all|author-link=Bruce Chapman))</ref>

<ref name="lawmakers cite">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/21/AR2006062101837.html|title=Lawmakers Cite Weapons Found in Iraq|date=June 23, 2006|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Dafna Linzer))</ref>

<!--not usedref name="lawyer">((cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/counties/montgomery_county/15524018.htm |title=Lawyer: Green candidate's Senate petition is invalid |author=Martha Raffaele |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=September 14, 2006 ))((dead link|date=May 2023|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref>-->

<ref name="legacy1">((cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/islandpacket/obituary-preview.aspx?n=aldo-santorum&pid=147937816|title=Aldo Santorum Obituary|publisher=Legacy.com|access-date=January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="letters">((cite book|title=Letters to Gabriel|author=Karen Garver Santorum|year=1998|publisher=CCC of America|isbn=978-1-56814-528-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/letterstogabriel0000sant))</ref>

<ref name="lobbyists">[http://articles.philly.com/2006-01-29/news/25411348_1_santorum-spokesman-robert-traynham-k-street-project-grover-norquist Santorum and the Lobbyists 'K Street? K Street? Never heard of it(('-))] ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' January 29, 2006</ref>

<ref name="long on substance">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rick-santorum-is-long-on-substance-short-on-support/2011/12/13/gIQAYs7swO_story.html|title= Rick Santorum is long on substance, short on support|author= Melinda Henneberger|date=December 15, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]))</ref>

<ref name="loses bid">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05193/536563.stm|title=Penn Hills loses bid to charge Santorum for online school tuition|author=Amy McConnell Schaarsmith|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=July 12, 2005))</ref>

<ref name="Magnet">Butler Senior High School classbook, ''The Magnet'', 1975</ref>

<ref name="mccain">Summers, Juana (May 17, 2011). [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55140.html "Rick Santorum: John McCain wrong on torture"]. ''Politico''.</ref>

<ref name="mother's descent">((cite web|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRickSantorum.Biography&CFID=11631531&CFTOKEN=17630065|title=The Senator's Biography|work=Santorum's Senate website|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230084254/http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRickSantorum.Biography&CFID=11631531&CFTOKEN=17630065|archive-date=December 30, 2006));<br />
((cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGwyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1572,4682192&dq=rick-santorum+italian+irish&hl=en|title=Big Profile, Big Target|author=Steve Goldstein|work=Beaver County Times|date=April 17, 2005))<br />
((cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/santorum.htm|title=Santorum genealogy|publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com|access-date=June 18, 2010));<br />((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BcYAQAAMAAJ&q=Catherine+%22Keane+%22+%22Dughi+%22|title=The Pennsylvania Manual|publisher=Dept. of General Services for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|date=January 6, 2011|access-date=July 22, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="msnbc">((cite web|url=http://elections.msnbc.msn.com/ns/politics/candidate/Rick-Santorum/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122191651/http://elections.msnbc.msn.com/ns/politics/candidate/Rick-Santorum/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 22, 2011|title=Candidate bio – Rick Santorum|publisher=[[MSNBC]]|access-date=March 7, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="nejm">George J. Annas (May 25, 2006).[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/21/2277 "Intelligent Judging – Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom"]. ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]''. '''354''':2277–2281. "... as long as the controversy is taught in classes on current affairs, politics, or religion, and not in science classes, neither scientists nor citizens should be concerned."</ref>

<ref name="national weather">((cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.786:|title=National Weather Services Duties Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate)|access-date=August 23, 2006|date=April 21, 2005|archive-date=December 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218191714/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.786:|url-status=dead))</ref>

<!-------------ref name="new american">((cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-36635/The-new-American-McCarthyism-policing.html|title=The new American McCarthyism: policing thought about the Middle East. &#124; Goliath Business News|publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref---------------------->

<ref name="news google 2">((cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NcAqAAAAIBAJ&pg=1645,3648292&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=''The Pittsburgh Press'', November 7, 1990|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="news google 3">((cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ImQwAAAAIBAJ&pg=3045,1604282&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=Santorum elated at upset victory to win 18th District seat in Congress|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=November 7, 1990|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="news google 4">((cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dH5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5824,1966913&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=Santorum, Klink win House races|work=Observer Reporter|date=November 4, 1992|location=Washington, Pennsylvania|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref>

<!------ref name="newspapers">((cite web|url=http://www.hillel.org/about/news/2003/20030429_newspapers.htm|title=Newspapers, Web Pages Distort Meeting|publisher=Hillel.org|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref------->

<ref name="no child">((cite news|last = Santorum| first = Rick| title = No child left behind act of 2001—conference report| newspaper = [[Congressional Record]]| page = S13377|date = December 18, 2001| url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2001-12-18/html/CREC-2001-12-18-pt1-PgS13365-8.htm|access-date =January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="no oval">((cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/16032443.htm |title=Santorum: No oval office run |author=Carrie Budoff |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=November 17, 2006 ))((dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref>

<ref name="no such">((cite news| last1 = Johnson| first1 = Brad| last2 = Somanader| first2 = Tanya|title = Santorum: 'There's no such thing as global warming(('-))| newspaper = [[Grist (magazine)|Grist]]| date = June 24, 2011| url = http://www.grist.org/climate-change/2011-06-24-rick-santorum-glenn-beck-global-warming-skeptic-hoax| access-date =January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="old loss">Naftali Bendavid (January 7, 2012). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204331304577145130339074066 "An Old Loss Dogs Surging Santorum"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref>

<ref name="on iran">((cite web|url=http://www.pjvoice.com/v16/16105santorum.html|title=Rick Santorum On Iran: His record does not match his rhetoric|work=[[Philadelphia Jewish Voice]]|author=Bonnie Squires|author2=Dan Loeb |date=September 18, 2006|access-date=September 22, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="outside">((cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/41237|title=Outside Santorum's Sanctum|author=Jerry Bowyer|work=New York Sun|date=October 10, 2006|access-date=November 9, 2006|archive-date=January 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119235739/http://www.nysun.com/article/41237|url-status=dead))</ref>

<ref name="pa manual">[http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_94664_18197_1296_244768_43/http;/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_general_government_operations/dgs/community_content/publications_and_media_services/subcommunities/publications/portlets/section_eight/vol_116___sec_8___us_legislative_branch.pdf ''The Pennsylvania Manual''] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612124555/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_94664_18197_1296_244768_43/http;/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_general_government_operations/dgs/community_content/publications_and_media_services/subcommunities/publications/portlets/section_eight/vol_116___sec_8___us_legislative_branch.pdf |date=June 12, 2012 )), Vol 116, Section Eight: The Federal Government, pp. 8–11, 2003. Retrieved 2013-05-05.</ref>

<ref name=pareport2003>((cite web|title=The PA Report "Power 75" List|work=Pennsylvania Report|publisher=Capital Growth, Inc.|date= January 31, 2003|url= http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920200116/http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archive-date=September 20, 2006 ))</ref>

<ref name=pareport2009>((cite web|title= PA Report 100|work=Pennsylvania Report|publisher=Capital Growth, Inc.|date= January 23, 2009|url= http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PA%20Report%20100%20-%20Jan%2023,%202009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807214201/http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PA%20Report%20100%20-%20Jan%2023%2C%202009.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date=August 7, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="patownhall">((cite web|url=http://www.patownhall.com/article.php?id=5860|title=Pennsylvania Town Hall – Pennsylvania's Marketplace of Ideas|publisher=Patownhall.com|date=January 15, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="playing tricks">Carter Eskew (January 2, 2011). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-insiders/post/playing-tricks-with-ricks/2012/01/02/gIQARLdIWP_blog.html "Playing tricks with Ricks"]. ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

<ref name="plays down">Dan Eggen; Carol D. Leonnig ( January 5, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/santorum-plays-down-long-history-as-washington-insider/2012/01/05/gIQAHQFYdP_story.html "Santorum plays down long history as Washington insider"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref>

<ref name="political alumni">((cite news|author=Tony Scifo|work=Daily Herald|title=Carmel's political alumni return for chat with students Carmel High School|date=November 5, 1996))</ref>

<ref name="politics news">((cite web |url=http://www.theindychannel.com/politics/29509111/detail.html |title=Rick Santorum – Politics News Story – WRTV Indianapolis |publisher=Theindychannel.com |date=October 17, 2011 |access-date=January 9, 2012 ))((Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

<ref name="political theater">((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|title=Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 29, 2006|first=David|last=Brooks))</ref>

<ref name="post gazette1">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06300/733425-177.stm|title=Santorum: Casey lacking on security|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 27, 2006|access-date=January 2, 2012|first=Martha|last=Raffaele))</ref>

<ref name="post gazette">((cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PG&p_theme=pg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADF87B2BB26FA2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|date=November 26, 1995 |access-date=January 1, 2012|title=Santorum says he's in no hurry to back candidate|first1=Frank |last1=Reeves|first2=Jack |last2=Torry|first3=Peter J. |last3=Shelly|work=Pittsburgh Post–Gazette ))</ref>

<ref name=PPG1006>Toland, Bill (October 13, 2006). [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06286/729698-177.stm Santorum, Casey go toe-to-toe in debate]. ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]''.</ref>

<ref name="pro labor">Greg Giroux; Heidi Przybyla (January 4, 2012). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-04/santorum-pro-labor-votes-lurk-as-rivals-attack-early.html "Santorum Pro-Labor Votes Lurk as Rivals Attack Early on Earmarks"]. [[Bloomberg News]].</ref>

<ref name="psychologist">((cite web |last=Zito |first=Salena |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/obituaries/news/s_719135.html |title=Psychologist Aldo Santorum devoted career to fellow veterans |work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=January 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114035216/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/obituaries/news/s_719135.html |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |df=mdy-all ))</ref>

<ref name="rasvuln">((cite web|title=Pennsylvania Senate: Casey by 23 Santorum Remains Most Vulnerable Incumbent|url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2006/senate_races/pennsylvania_senate_casey_by_23|publisher=[[Rasmussen Reports]]|date=May 31, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="reaffirms">((cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/06/rick-santorum-reaffirms-commitment-to-social-conservative-cause/ |title=Rick Santorum Reaffirms Commitment to Social Conservative Cause |work=[[ABC News]] |date=June 4, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012))</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="rebuttal">Santorum, Rick (September 7, 2006). [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06250/719619-109.stm "In Rebuttal: Islamic fascists vs. Islam itself"]. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''</ref ------->

<ref name="record on fiscal">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/santorums-record-on-fiscal-policy-fact-checker-biography/2012/01/08/gIQAlC5DmP_blog.html|title=Santorum's record on fiscal policy (Fact Checker biography)|author=Josh Hicks|date=January 10, 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 13, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="reportedly">((cite news|last=Romm|first=Tony|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/58467-santorum-reportedly-mulling-white-house-bid|title=Santorum reportedly mulling White House bid|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=January 2, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="responds">((cite web|url=http://www.wtae.com/r/9307863/detail.html|title=Santorum Responds To Walgren's Residency Rip|publisher=WTAE|date=June 1, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012))((dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

<ref name="return">((cite news|url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzBjNzUxODVjNDczMDkwMmU3YjJmYjM2MzVjODQwYmM=|title=Rick's Return. Life after the Senate for Santorum|author=John J. Miller|work=[[National Review]]|date=January 9, 2007|access-date=January 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225025803/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzBjNzUxODVjNDczMDkwMmU3YjJmYjM2MzVjODQwYmM=|archive-date=February 25, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="rivals">((cite news|title=Rivals set to pounce on Santorum's past|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-campaign-santorum-newspro-idUSTRE8040RV20120105|work=[[Reuters]]|date=January 5, 2012|author=Marcus Stern and Kristina Cooke|access-date=January 6, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="rollcall">((cite web|url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/56_84/-203455-1.html|title=Santorum Talks About Longtime Google Problem|publisher=Roll Call|access-date=February 24, 2011|date=February 15, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="romney beats">((cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57351741-503544/iowa-caucus-results-mitt-romney-beats-rick-santorum-by-8-votes/|title=Iowa caucus results: Mitt Romney beats Rick Santorum by 8 votes|last=Condon|first=Stephanie|date=January 4, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2011|work=[[CBS News]]))</ref>

<ref name="rush limbaugh 2005">((cite web|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/eib_interviews/senator_rick_santorum_.guest.html |title=Senator Rick Santorum (Interview) |publisher=RushLimbaugh.com |date=July 21, 2005 |access-date=August 23, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612233738/http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/eib_interviews/senator_rick_santorum_.guest.html |archive-date=June 12, 2011 ))</ref>

<ref name="rush limbaugh 2011">((cite web|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/daily/2011/06/08/the_rick_santorum_interview|title=The Rick Santorum Interview|publisher=RushLimbaugh.com|date=June 8, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="Salena Zito">((cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_495727.html|title=Santorum to contribute to Fox News|author=Salena Zito|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=March 1, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304072207/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_495727.html|archive-date=March 4, 2007|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="savage">((cite web|last=Savage|first=Dan|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/SavageLove?oid=14267|title=Bill, Ashton, Rick|work=The Stranger|date=May 15, 2003|access-date=January 9, 2012))</ref>

<ref name="school flap">((cite news|first=Daniel|last=Reynolds|title=Santorum school flap continues|date=November 19, 2004|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_274635.html|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|access-date=April 25, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514201908/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_274635.html|archive-date=May 14, 2007|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="shame">((cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/moore/moore200404150838.asp|title=Santorum's Shame|author=Stephen Moore|work=National Review|date=April 15, 2004))</ref>

<!--<ref name="social conservatives">((cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/286341/social-conservatives-rally-santorum-katrina-trinko|title=Social Conservatives Rally to Santorum|author=Katrina Trinka|work=National Review|date=December 20, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="sokolove">((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/magazine/22SANTORUM.html?pagewanted=all|author=Michael Sokolove|date= May 22, 2005|title=The Believer|work=[[The New York Times]] Magazine|access-date=January 11, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="some gop">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/09/AR2005090901930.html|title=Some GOP Legislators Hit Jarring Notes in Addressing Katrina|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 10, 2005|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Charles|last=Babington))</ref>

<!--<ref name="social conservatives">((cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/286341/social-conservatives-rally-santorum-katrina-trinko|title=Social Conservatives Rally to Santorum|work=National Review|date=December 20, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="sovereign">((cite web|url=http://www.maltausa.org/files/newsletter_hospitallers_04.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712090749/http://www.maltausa.org/files/newsletter_hospitallers_04.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2012 |title=Hospitallers|publisher=Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and Malta|volume=1|date=Winter 2004–2005|access-date=August 25, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="state pays">((cite news|title=State Pays Penn Hills Schools In Santorum Dispute|date=September 13, 2006|url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/9837498/detail.html?rss=pit&psp=news&synd=myabc|work=WTAE-TV|access-date=April 25, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003415/http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/9837498/detail.html?rss=pit&psp=news&synd=myabc|archive-date=September 27, 2007|df=mdy-all))</ref>

<ref name="teach">((cite news|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.View&ContentRecord_id=1111&CFID=13969409&CFTOKEN=89968827|title=Teach the Controversy|author=Rick Santorum|work=Allentown Morning Call|date=January 14, 2005))((dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

<ref name="the lip">((cite journal|title=Rick the lip, wrong Paige, and the plumed Knight|last=Doerr|first=Edd|journal=The Humanist|volume=63|issue=4|date=July–August 2003|page=42|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_4_63/ai_104971404/))</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name=thetimestribune.com>((cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17296894&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=415898&rfi=6|title=Ousted Romanelli Now Faces Money Problems|author=Elizabeth Skrapets|work=[[The Times-Tribune (Scranton)|The Times-Tribune]]|location=Scranton, Pennsylvania|date=October 7, 2006))</ref------------->

<ref name="toeplitz1">((cite news|last=Toeplitz|first=Shira|title=Mark Kirk: Senate candy man|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/glennthrush/0211/Mark_Kirk_Senate_candy_man.html|newspaper=[[Politico]]|date=February 13, 2011))</ref>

<ref name="transcript">((cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/14568263|title=Meet the Press transcript|publisher=[[NBC]]|date=September 13, 2006))</ref>

<ref name="trying again">((cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/nation/20030418santorumnat2p2.asp|title=Santorum trying again on Syria sanctions bill|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 18, 2003|access-date=January 1, 2012|first1=James|last1=O'Toole))</ref>

<ref name="wapostslevin">((cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32444-2005Mar13.html|title=Battle on Teaching Evolution Sharpens|author=Peter Slevin|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=March 14, 2005))</ref>

<!--<ref name="warn voters">((cite news|last=Murray|first=Sara|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/01/01/romney-santorum-warn-voters-on-iran/|title=Romney, Santorum Warn Voters on Iran|work=Washington Wire|date=January 1, 2012|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref> -->

<ref name="weak field">[[Peter Wehner]] (October 24, 2011). [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2011/10/24/gop-2012-candidates/ "The GOP's Weak Field"]. ''Commentary''.</ref>

<ref name="we'd like">((cite web|url=http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru%20alumni/right106.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216033341/http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru%20alumni/right106.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 16, 2006 |title=We'd Like Some Answers Origin of man, universe continues to cause debate |work=Alumni News Stories |publisher=[[Oral Roberts University]] Alumni Foundation |access-date=August 23, 2006 ))</ref>

<!-------------ref name="welfare reform">((cite news|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/08/07/santorum-refuses-to-compromise-on-principles/|title=Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles|work=The Des Moines Register|access-date=January 4, 2012))</ref------------------------------->

<ref name="wmdiraq">((cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,200499,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424081106/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C200499%2C00.html |archive-date=April 24, 2008 |title=Report: Hundreds of WMDs Found in Iraq |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=June 22, 2006 |access-date=November 1, 2009 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

<ref name="wrecking ball">((cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/santorum200507190728.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060101000045/http://nationalreview.com/comment/santorum200507190728.asp|archive-date=1 January 2006|title=The Constitutional Wrecking Ball|author=Rick Santorum|work=[[National Review]]|date=July 19, 2005))</ref>

<!------------------ref name=yearbook>((cite web|title =Keystone State Yearbook Committee|work=[[PoliticsPA]]|publisher=The Publius Group|year=2001|url=http://www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020803170058/http://www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archive-date=August 3, 2002 ))</ref------------------------------->

))

==External links==
((Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|q=Rick Santorum|s=Author:Richard John Santorum|commons=Category:Rick Santorum|n=Category:Rick Santorum|v=no|species=no|d=Q155985|voy=no|m=no|mw=no))
* [https://townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/ Column archives] at ''[[Townhall.com]]''
* ((Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Pennsylvania/Government/Federal/US_Senate/Former_Members/Rick_Santorum_%5BR%5D/))
* ((CongLinks | congbio=s000059 | votesmart=27054 | fec=S4PA00063 | congress= ))<!--
Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template:
* [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/300085 Congressional profile] at [[GovTrack]]
* [http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00001380 Financial information (federal office)] at [[Center for Responsive Politics|OpenSecrets.org]]
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Senate/Rick_Santorum.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]]
* [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2005-53174 Works by or about Rick Santorum] in libraries ([[WorldCat]] catalog)
* [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/ricksantorum Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1528444 Appearances] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/rick_santorum/index.html Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The New York Times]]''
* [http://topics.wsj.com/person/S/rick-santorum/6582 Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (paywall)
* -->
* ((OL author))
* ((C-SPAN|2249))

;Articles
* [https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm Excerpt from Santorum interview] ''USA Today'', April 23, 2003
* [https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=1300271 "Lawsuit Abuse Critic Explains Suit"], ''ABC Primetime'', November 10, 2005
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/06/AR2006030601798.html Editorial: "Charities on the Hill"], ''The Washington Post'', March 7, 2006
* [http://www.amconmag.com/2007/2007_07_30/feature.html "Santorum Against the World"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109170620/http://www.amconmag.com/2007/2007_07_30/feature.html |date=January 9, 2009 )), Michael Dougherty, ''[[The American Conservative]]'', July 30, 2007

((s-start))
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((s-bef|before=[[Doug Walgren]]))
((s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district]]|years=1991–1995))
((s-aft|after=[[Michael F. Doyle]]))
|-
((s-ppo))
((s-bef|before=[[Dick Thornburgh]]))
((s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania|U.S. Senator]] from [[Pennsylvania]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1994]], [[2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|2000]], [[2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|2006]]))
((s-aft|after=[[Tom Smith (Pennsylvania)|Tom Smith]]))
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[[Category:Rick Santorum| ]]
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