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((Short description|Languages spoken across Spain))
((more citations needed|date=December 2020))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2020))
((Languages of
| country   = Spain
| image     =
| official  = [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (country-wide); [[Catalan language|Catalan]]/[[Valencian language|Valencian]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Aranese]] (selected territories)
| regional  = [[Amazigh language|Amazigh]], [[Moroccan Arabic|Ceutan Arabic]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], Aranese, [[Asturian language|Asturian]], Basque, Catalan, Galician, [[Leonese language|Leonese]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<ref name="coe">((Cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/ecrml-educational-toolkit-es/1680973273&#124|title=Carta europea de lenguas minoritarias|publisher=[[Council of Europe|Consejo de Europa]]|first=Claudine|last=Brohy|first2=Vincent|last2=Climent-Ferrando|first3=Aleksandra|last3=Oszmiahska-Pagett|first4=Fernando|last4=Ramallo|year=2019))</ref>
|minority       = [[Caló language|Caló]]<ref name="coe" />
| immigrant = Spanish, Portuguese, Darija, [[Berber languages|Berber]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[British English|English]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Wolof language|Wolof]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]],<ref name="cidob">((Cite web|url=https://www.cidob.org/es/articulos/revista_cidob_d_afers_internacionals/pakistanies_en_espana_un_estudio_basado_en_el_colectivo_de_la_ciudad_de_barcelona|page=108|title=Pakistaníes en España: un estudio basado en el colectivo de la ciudad de Barcelona|year=2005 |first=Montserrat|last=Solé Aubia|first2=Josep|last2=Rodríguez Roca|publisher=[[Barcelona Centre for International Affairs]]))</ref> [[Hindustani language|Hindu–Urdu]], [[Wu Chinese|Wu dialects]] ([[Qingtian dialect|Qingtian]] & [[Wenzhounese]])<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwDCjMxx068C&pg=PA62|page=62|title=La lengua china: historia, signo y contexto: Una aproximación sociocultural|year=2007|location=Córdoba|publisher=[[University of Córdoba (Spain)|Editorial UOC]]|first=David|last=Martínez Robles|isbn=978-84-9788-682-6))</ref><br>(''see [[immigration to Spain]]'')
| foreign = 
| keyboard  = [[QWERTY]]
| keyboard image = [[File:KB Spanish.svg|200px]]
| sign    = [[Spanish Sign Language]] <br> [[Catalan Sign Language]] <br> [[Valencian Sign Language]]
| source  = <!--((lower|0.3em|<ref>((cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-02-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102658/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2016  ))</ref>))-->
))
The majority of '''languages of Spain'''<ref>The term ''lenguas españolas'' appears in the Spanish Constitution, referring to all the languages spoken within Spain (those are Basque, Spanish, Catalan/Valencian, Galician, Asturian, Leonese, etc.).</ref> belong to the [[Romance languages|Romance language family]], of which [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the only language which has [[Official languages of Spain|official status for the whole country]].<ref>Promotora Española de Lingüística - [http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/indoeuro/italico/romance/iberorromance/espanol Lengua Española o Castellana] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127104051/http://proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo%2Findoeuro%2Fitalico%2Fromance%2Fiberorromance%2Fespanol |date=27 November 2010 )). (Spanish)</ref><ref>((cite book |author= M. Teresa Turell|title=Multilingualism in Spain: Sociolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects of Linguistic Minority Groups|publisher=Multilingual Matters|year=2001 |page=121|isbn=978-1-85359-491-5))</ref> Those also include [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[Galician language|Galician]] (which enjoy official status in specific territories just like [[Basque language|Basque]], a language isolate) as well as an additional number of languages and dialects belonging to the Romance language continuum.

==Present-day languages==
[[File:Spain languages.svg|thumb|((legend|#ddf1b4|[[Spanish language|Spanish]], official; spoken throughout the country))
((legend|#f59053|[[Catalan language|Catalan]] / [[Valencian language|Valencian]], co-official))
((legend|#808080|[[Basque language|Basque]], co-official))
((legend|#2b83ba|[[Galician language|Galician]], co-official))
((legend|#d7191c|[[Aranese language|Aranese]], co-official))
((legend|#91cba8|[[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] ([[Asturian language|Asturian]] and [[Leonese dialect|Leonese]]), protected language))
((legend|#fede99|[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], protected language))
]]
The languages spoken in Spain include:
* [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Official throughout the country, it is spoken by the majority of the population. 
* [[Catalan language|Catalan]]/[[Valencian language|Valencian]]. Catalan is co-official in [[Catalonia]] and the [[Balearic Islands]]. Catalan is also spoken in the eastern strip of the [[Aragon]] region (''[[La Franja]]''). [[Valencian language|Valencian]] is co-official in the [[Valencian Community]].<ref name="Statute">((cite web |url=http://www.docv.gva.es/datos/2006/04/11/pdf/2006_4177.pdf |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2006, de 10 de abril, de Reforma de la Ley Orgánica 5/1982, de 1 de julio, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana. |access-date=17 February 2013 |publisher=Generalitat Valenciana |date=10 April 2006 ))</ref> It's also spoken in the [[Carche]] area of the [[Region of Murcia]].
* [[Galician language|Galician]] is spoken in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (where it has co-official status) as well as in nearby areas of [[Asturias]] and [[Castile and León]].
* [[Basque language|Basque]], co-official in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] and northern [[Navarre]] (see ''[[:es:Ley Foral del Vascuence#Zonificación|Basque-speaking zone]]''). Basque is the only non-Romance language (as well as non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]) with an official status in Spain.
*[[Aranese language|Aranese]] is a standarized variety of [[Gascon dialect|Gascon]] ([[Occitan language|Occitan]]) which is co-official in Catalonia.<ref>((in lang|ca|oc)) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412205120/http://www.gencat.cat/eadop/imatges/5745/10273136.pdf Llei 35/2010, d'1 d'octubre, de l'occità, aranès a l'Aran]</ref> It is spoken in [[comarques of Catalonia|comarca]] of the [[Aran Valley]], near the French border.
*[[Asturian language|Asturian]], a standarized variety of the [[Asturleonese language|Asturleonese dialect continuum]]. It enjoys protection in [[Asturias]], where reportedly about 25% of the population is able to understand, speak, read, and write in the language.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-59547573|website=[[bbc.com]]|date=24 January 2022|title=Dónde se habla el bable y por qué dicen que es un idioma "en peligro"|first=Alicia|last=Hernández))</ref> Asturleonese varieties collectively known as [[Leonese language|Leonese]] are spoken in parts of [[Castile and León]] (provinces of [[province of León|León]] and [[province of Zamora|Zamora]]), where they enjoy legal protection.
*[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], spoken in the north of the [[Aragon]] region, in the Pyrenees. It enjoys legal protection.
* [[Fala language|Fala]]: This romance language belonging to the Galician-Portuguese group is spoken by about 6,000 people in the Jálama Valley. It has been declared ''[[Bien de interés cultural]]''.<ref>((Cite web |last=20minutos |date=2023-02-22 |title=Esta lengua solo se habla en tres localidades extremeñas y está en peligro de extinción |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5103605/0/lengua-extremadura-fala-valle-del-jalama-peligro-extincion/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.20minutos.es - Últimas Noticias |language=es))</ref> 
* [[Silbo Gomero]] is a whistled language in [[La Gomera]] ([[Canary Islands]]). Protected by [[UNESCO]]<ref>((Cite web |title=UNESCO - El Silbo Gomero, lenguaje silbado de la isla de La Gomera (Islas Canarias) |url=https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/el-silbo-gomero-lenguaje-silbado-de-la-isla-de-la-gomera-islas-canarias-00172 |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=es))</ref> (Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity).
* [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] has been traditionally spoken by the inhabitants of the following border areas: [[Cedillo]] and [[Herrera de Alcántara]] (province of Cáceres),<ref>((Cite journal|title=Documentación antigua sobre las localidades de habla portuguesa Herrera de Alcántara y Cedillo|first=Juan M.|last=Carrasco González|journal=Revista de Estudios Extremeños|year=2017|volume=LXXIII|issue=3|pages=2567–2592|url=https://www.dip-badajoz.es/cultura/ceex/reex_digital/reex_LXXIII/2017/T.%20LXXIII%20n.%203%202017%20sept.-dic/93064.pdf))</ref> [[La Alamedilla]] (province of Salamanca, primarily spoken in the place up until the mid-20th century),<ref>((Cite journal|url=https://dehesa.unex.es/bitstream/10662/11535/1/1888-4067_13_2_77.pdf|page=82|first=José Antonio|last=González Salgado|journal=Limite|issn=1888-4067|issue=13|year=2019|title=El proyecto de investigación FRONTESPO y la fala de Xálima))</ref> and [[Olivenza]] (province of Badajoz).
* [[Darija|Darija Arabic]] is spoken in [[Ceuta]]. It lacks government protection.<ref>((cite news |title=Protección del dariya: el Gobierno responde que el Estatuto de Autonomía no menciona esta lengua |url=https://elfarodeceuta.es/dariya-compromis-estatuto-autonomia/))</ref>
* [[Riffian language|Riffian]] is spoken in [[Melilla]]. It lacks government protection.<ref>((cite web |title=Compromís exige que el tamazight se iguale a otras lenguas del Estado |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20220916/inqwqeoipfb27gfz6vkdhktqcu.html))</ref>
* [[Calo language|''Caló'']], a mixed language, is spoken by the [[Gitanos|Spanish Romani]] communities across the country, with a large concentration in [[Andalusia]] and [[Catalonia]], though it seems to be in the process of becoming just a dialect of Spanish. It should not be confused with [[Romani language|Romani]], the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] language originally spoken by gypsies, which is most probably no longer spoken in Spain.

==Other Romance varieties==
((See also|Spanish dialects and varieties#Spain|Peninsular Spanish|Andalusian Spanish|Canarian Spanish|Castúo|Murcian Spanish|Dialects of Catalan|Dialects of Basque|Cantabrian dialect|Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers))
Spanish itself boasts a substantial internal variation in the country. For example, the [[Andalusian Spanish|Andalusian]] or [[Canarian Spanish|Canarian]] dialects, each with their own subvarieties, some of them being partially closer to the [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish of the Americas]], which they heavily influenced to varying degrees, depending on the region or period and according to different and non-homogeneous migrating or colonisation processes. Despite being a dialect, some Andalusian speakers have attempted to [[Andalusian language movement|promote Andalusian as a different language]] independent of Spanish.

Five very localised dialects are of difficult filiation: [[Fala language|Fala]] (a variety mostly ascribed to the Galician-Portuguese group locally spoken in an area of the province of Cáceres sometimes called ''Valley of Jálama/Xálima'', which includes the towns of [[San Martín de Trevejo]], [[Eljas]] and [[Valverde del Fresno]]); [[Cantabrian dialect|Cantabrian]] and [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]], two Astur-Leonese dialects also regarded as Spanish dialects; [[Galician-Asturian|Eonavian]], a dialect between Asturian and Galician, closer to the latter according to several linguists; and [[Benasquese dialect|Benasquese]], a [[Ribagorçan dialect|Ribagorçan]] dialect that was formerly classified as Catalan, later as Aragonese, and which is now often regarded as a transitional language of its own. Asturian and Leonese are closely related to the local [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] which is spoken on an adjacent territory but over the border into [[Portugal]]. Mirandese is recognised and has some local official status.

==Statistics==
((Pie chart
|thumb = right
|align = left
|caption= Top language spoken at home ([[Pew Research]] survey, 2019)<ref name=pewresearch />
|label1 = Spanish
|value1 = 81
|color1 = Red
|label2 = Catalan
|value2 = 8
|color2 = Yellow
|label3 = Valencian
|value3 = 4
|color3 = Orange 
|label4 = Galician
|value4 = 3
|color4 = Turquoise
|label5 = Basque
|value5 = 1
|color5 = Green
))
In terms of the number of speakers and dominance, the most prominent of the languages of Spain is [[Spanish language|Spanish]], spoken by about 99% of Spaniards as a first or second language.<ref>((cite web |url=http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923081035/http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2010 ))</ref> According to a 2019 [[Pew Research]] survey, the most commonly spoken languages at home other than Spanish were [[Catalan language|Catalan]] in 8% of households, [[Valencian language|Valencian]] in 4%, [[Galician language|Galician]] in 3% and [[Basque language|Basque]] in 1%.<ref name=pewresearch>((cite web |website=[[Pew Research|pewresearch.org]]|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/06/speaking-the-national-language-at-home-is-less-common-in-some-european-countries/ |date=6 January 2020|first=Kat|last=Devlin|title=Speaking the national language at home is less common in some European countries|publisher=Pew Research |access-date=8 September 2021 ))</ref>
A study in 2016 by the [[University of Navarra]] focused on which languages were used most frequently to consume news within a week (using multiple-choice surveys). The response included foreign languages, Spanish and only co-official and protected languages. 95.2% of news was consumed in Spanish and 30.4% in a co-official or protected language.<ref name="digitalnewsreport.es">((Cite web |title=Un 30% se informa en lenguas españolas distintas del castellano, y el 24% de los usuarios, en inglés ((!)) Digital News Report España 2022 (DNR): informe de noticias digitales en español |url=https://www.digitalnewsreport.es/2016/un-30-se-informa-en-lenguas-espanolas-distintas-del-castellano-y-el-24-en-ingles/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |language=es))</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language
! Language of news consumption in the last week (%)<ref name="digitalnewsreport.es"/>
|-
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| align = "right" | 95.2
|-
|[[English language|English]] || align = "right" | 23.9
|-
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]]/[[Valencian language|Valencian]]
| align = "right" | 21.6
|-
| [[French language|French]] || align = "right" | 7.2
|-
|[[Galician language|Galician]]
| align = "right" | 5.5
|-
|[[Basque language|Basque]]
|align = "right" | 2.6
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || align = "right" | 2.0
|-
| [[German language|German]] || align = "right" | 1.9
|-
|[[Asturian language|Asturian]]/[[Leonese language|Leonese]]
| align = "right" | 0.9
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] || align = "right" | 0.7
|-
|[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]]
| align = "right" | 0.6
|-
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || align = "right" | 0.3
|-
|[[Aranese dialect|Aranese]]
| align = "right" | 0.3
|-
| Other foreign language || align = "right" | 2.0
|-
|Other regional language
| align = "right" | 1.0
|}
The study reflects that the consumption of protected languages is proportional to their knowledge and that the consumption of foreign-language news is greater than that of regional-language news.

== Language policy ==
Spanish is official throughout the country; Catalan/Valencian, Galician, Basque, and Aranese have legal and co-official status in their respective communities and (except Aranese) are widespread enough to have daily newspapers and significant book publishing and media presence. Catalan and Galician are the main languages used by the respective regional governments and local administrations. Starting in 2023, members of the lower house of the Spanish Parliament were allowed to use Basque, Catalan and Galician in their interventions.<ref name="parl">((Cite news |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=2023-09-19 |accessdate=2023-09-19 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/19/spain-grants-basque-catalan-and-galician-languages-parliamentary-status |title=Spain grants Basque, Catalan and Galician languages parliamentary status |department=Spain |last=Jones |first=Sam |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |issn=1756-3224 |oclc=60623878))</ref> Members of the upper house already could use those languages in some specific discussions and initiatives.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.publico.es/politica/hablar-catalan-euskera-gallego-cortes-ataduras-normal-lenguas-cooficiales.html|website=[[Público (Spain)|Público]]|date=6 July 2020|first=Alexis|last=Romero|title=¿Se puede hablar catalán, euskera o gallego en las Cortes? Las ataduras al normal uso de las lenguas cooficiales))</ref>

In addition to these, there are some protected languages. A protected language does not have co-official status but can be taught in schools as an optional subject, with the possibility of having TV shows in the protected language as well as institutions for that language.

Limited Asturian-language broadcasting is available on [[Radiotelevisión del Principado de Asturias|RTPA]], and the language is learned as an optional subject by 53% of [[primary education]] students.<ref>((Cite web |last=20minutos |date=2015-04-30 |title=El 53% de los alumnos de primarias estudian lengua asturiana |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/2447327/0/53-alumnos-primarias-estudian-lengua-asturiana/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.20minutos.es - Últimas Noticias |language=es))</ref> There is a prominent [[Movement for the officiality of the Asturian language|movement demanding for the declaration of Asturian as an official language in Asturias]], which is a matter of an ongoing political debate.<ref>((Cite web |last=Bécares |first=Bárbara |date=2023-05-08 |title=La oficialidad del asturiano, una asignatura pendiente de la legislatura que termina |url=https://www.eldiario.es/asturias/oficialidad-asturiano-asignatura-pendiente-legislatura-termina_1_10182608.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=elDiario.es |language=es))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Cientos de personas marchan en Uviéu por la oficialidad del asturiano |url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/asturianu/cientos-personas-marchan-uvieu-oficialidad-del-asturiano- |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.elsaltodiario.com |language=))</ref>

As of 2023, [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] is offered as a subject in about 30 schools in the Aragon region, with around 1,300 students.<ref>((Cite web |title=Día de la Lengua Materna: unos 5.700 alumnos estudian aragonés y catalán de Aragón |url=https://www.cartv.es/aragonnoticias/noticias/dia-de-la-lengua-materna-unos-5-700-alumnos-estudian-aragones-y-catalan-de-aragon-16851 |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=CARTV |language=es-ES))</ref> Limited Aragonese-language television content is available on the regional public broadcaster, with shows such as ''A Escampar la Boira''<ref>((Cite web |title=ARAGÓN TELEVISIÓN ESTRENA ‘A ESCAMPAR LA BOIRA’, EL PRIMER LATE NIGHT EN LAS LENGUAS PROPIAS DE ARAGÓN – Lenguas de Aragón |url=https://lenguasdearagon.org/aragon-television-estrena-a-escampar-la-boira-el-primer-late-night-en-las-lenguas-propias-de-aragon/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=lenguasdearagon.org))</ref> or ''Charrín Charrán''.<ref>((Cite web |title=Aragón TV - Charrín Charrán |url=http://www.aragontelevision.es/programas/historico-de-programas/charrin-charran/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.aragontelevision.es))</ref>

==Past languages==
Alongside the languages spoken in Spain to the present day, other languages were spoken within the actual  borders:
[[File:Linguistic map Southwestern Europe.gif|thumbnail|300px|right|Distribution (assumed) of languages in the Iberian peninsula between 1000~2000 C.E.]]

*[[Tartessian language]]
*[[Iberian language]]
*[[Celtic languages]]
**[[Celtiberian language]]
**[[Gallaecian language]]
*[[Lusitanian language]]
*[[Punic language]]
*[[Latin language]]
*[[Guanche language]]
*[[Galician-Portuguese]]
*[[Gothic language]]
*[[Vandalic language]]
*[[Frankish language]]
*[[Arabic]]
**[[Andalusi Arabic]]
**[[Classical Arabic]]
**[[Judeo-Arabic languages|Judeo-Arabic]]
*[[Mozarabic language]]s
*[[Romani language]]

Languages mostly spoken outside Spain but which had roots in Spain:

*[[Judeo-Catalan]], (the existence of this language has been questioned)((citation needed|date=July 2023)).
*[[Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)]]<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/01/spain-honours-ladino-language-of-jewish-exiles|title=Spain honours Ladino language of Jewish exiles|last=Jones|first=Sam|date=2017-08-01|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077))</ref>

==Variants==
There are also variants of these languages proper to Spain, either dialect, cants or pidgins:
*[[Barallete]]
*[[Bron language|Bron]]
*[[Caló (Spanish Romani)|Caló]]
*[[Cheli]]
*[[Erromintxela]]
*[[Fala dos arxinas]]
*[[Gacería]]
*[[Germanía]]
*[[Xíriga]]

==See also==
((Portal|Spain|Languages))
*[[Iberian languages]]
*[[Languages of Portugal]]
*[[Iberian Romance languages]]
*[[Language policies of Francoist Spain]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm Detailed Ethno-Linguistic map of Pre-Roman Iberia (around 200 BC)]
*[http://www.proel.org/lenguas2.html Detailed linguistic map of Spain]
*[http://www.donquijote.org/culture/spain/languages/ Languages in Spain] - Find out information about the Official languages of Spain.

((Spain topics))
((Languages of Spain))
((Languages of Europe))
((Minority languages of Europe))

((DEFAULTSORT:Languages of Spain))
[[Category:Languages of Spain| ]]
[[Category:Paleohispanic languages]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Economy of Spain (edit)
Geography of Spain (edit)
History of Spain (edit)
Index of Spain-related articles (edit)
Languages of Spain (edit)
Outline of Spain (edit)
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Return to Languages of Spain.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Spain"