Two thirds of the 170 years old bridge collapsed or heavily damaged. One arch survived to this day. Charles Bridge was built next to its remains. Construction started in 1357 and ended in 1402.[1]
Spectators crowded the bridge over the River Bure to view a clown travel the river in a barrel. Their position shifted as the barrel passed; the suspension chains snapped and the bridge deck tipped over.
Washed out under pressure from debris during high water
4-100+ killed
Entire span lost; rebuilt
Bridge was to be temporary, but replacement was delayed for financial reasons.[16][17][18] Number of deaths is uncertain; estimates range from 4 to over 100.[19]
48 m triple span beam bridge with reinforced concrete deck, motorway bridge over the Suur-Emajõgi river
Newly built bridge failed two days after commission accepted it (before opening for traffic), because of too small share of cement in concrete and some serious design flaws
Two trucks were crossing the bridge when one struck a tie rod causing the bridge to collapse. One truck fell 15 feet to the creek bed, and the other escaped to safety.
Received minimal media attention as WWII began the next day. The bridge was finished in 1943 as the longest concrete arch bridge in the world until 1964.
Bridge completely destroyed, no persons killed. One dog killed and three vehicles lost.
Became known as "Galloping Gertie", in the first 4 months after opening up until its collapse under aeroelastic flutter. Most major new bridges are now modelled in wind tunnels.
Three spans collapsed due to collision by the freighter Nicaragua Victory
5 killed
Three collapsed spans 240 feet (73 m) were replaced and stood until 2005 when the bridge was closed following the opening of the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge
Around 150 professors and educators from schools in the prefecture were in the area for a geological survey when a bolt bent and the suspension bridge collapsed, sending 33 people down into the Jinzu River. 29 people were killed or went missing and 4 people were injured.[27]
Bridge and 37 vehicles destroyed. Replaced by Silver Memorial Bridge downstream. Memorial for bridge located on 6th and Main Streets and off the trail along the shoreline in Point Pleasant. Parking lot on the Point Pleasant side. The road on the Ohio side is now gone and grass field on the property next to the former bridge approach.
Collapsed during construction due to poor design and ill-advised construction methods
35 killed
112-metre (367 ft) span between piers 10 and 11 collapsed
Cantilevered section under construction sprang back and collapsed following attempts to remove a buckle caused by a difference in camber of 11 cm (4.5 inches) between it and the other section of the span to which it was to be joined
2 arches collapsed, a lorry fell into the Llobregat
Prior to the accident, dredging of the riverbed to mine sand had weakened pier foundations. The bridge was finally blown up and a new one built in its place.
Western bridge collapsed during construction as the concrete for the foundation was not adequately compressed
None injured
Bridge rebuilt
The construction company C.T. Winkel, who had the bridge constructed using performance bonuses for the workers encouraging a fast completion, subsequently went bankrupt.[citation needed]
A Bailey Bridge was in place over the gap within 6 weeks and a full replacement of the three spans was opened in December 1973 - less than six months after the collapse.
Bridge declared a loss; new tunnel or bridge rebuilding costs were found to be unjustified.
Remaining structure dismantled; passenger ferry instated. Car traffic must use the northern Allanburg bridge or the southern East Main Street tunnel in Welland. Port Robinson Ferry is a passenger service that crosses from the site of the former bridge from July to October (weather permitting).
Ore freighter Lake Illawarra collided with pylons. A 400-foot (120 m) section of bridge collapsed onto freighter and into the river. Four cars drove off bridge
12 killed (7 ship crewman and 5 motorists)
2 pylons and three sections of bridge collapsed, ore freighter sank, 4 cars fell into river
City of Hobart was split in two. Residents living in the east were forced to make a 50 kilometres (31 mi) trip to the CBD via the next bridge to the north. Missing sections were reconstructed and the bridge reopened on 8 October 1977. The Bowen Bridge was later constructed, 10 km (6 mi) to the north, to reduce the impact of any future failure of the Tasman Bridge.
Passenger train derailed while passing under the Bold Street road overpass and collided with a supporting pier. Section of bridge collapsed onto train cars.
83 killed, 210 injured
Bridge destroyed, later replaced
The bridge was supported by two piers situated between the various rail tracks. Part of the derailed train virtually demolished the northern pier, resulting in the collapse of the northernmost span of the bridge. It was replaced by a single-span bridge.
The span cut the deck house and the cinema hall, whilst the lowest deck was undamaged. The ship damaged the railway bridge and some freight cars from the train fell onto the ship.
100-foot (30 m) section of the northbound lanes fell into the Mianus River
Collapse due to failure of the pin and hanger assembly supporting the span. Temporary span installed to re-open I-95; new Mianus River Bridge completed in 1990.
Almost total collapse of the bridge due to historical flooding. It was reconstructed equal to its original design of 1928 in the year 2002.
Stebbins Rd. Bridge (NY State Rt 90, not to be confused with Interstate 90)
Hanover, NY
United States
15 November 1986
One lane steel bridge
Likely overloaded
1 killed, 3 injured
Total loss
Collapse likely due to overloading. The bridge posted with an 8-ton limit was crossed by a construction crane. The pickup truck following it fell 100 ft into Walnut creek killing the driver and injuring 2 passengers. The driver of the crane was injured trying to help the fallen pickup occupants. [[36]]
The Mill Point Bridge is 3 miles (4.8 km) upstream from the Thruway bridge that collapsed on 5 April. Flood waters from the same flood that finally undermined the Thruway bridge were up to the girders of the Mill Point bridge. It was closed as a safety precaution. It collapsed six days after the earlier collapse.[38]
Structure destroyed, remains demolished and removed. The ground-level Cypress Street is now Mandela Parkway.
The collapsed Cypress Street Viaduct seen from ground-level. Note detachment of upper vertical elements from lower and the lack of reinforcement at the point of detachment. Replacement route for I-880 built around West Oakland.
Due to extreme rainfall, the Arroyo Pasajero experienced high volumes of water at high speed. This caused scouring of the river bed undermining the support piers of both spans.
Over a 100 spectators crowded on one side of the bridge to observe the throwing of the cross (an Epiphany tradition) into the river when one of the suspension chains snapped and dozens fell into the icy river.
As a result of rising flood waters and ice floes from the North American blizzard of 1996, when high floodwaters and a large ice floe lifted the spans off their foundations and swept them down the river.
0 killed, 0 injured
Lost two of its seven western spans, A third span was damaged and later collapsed into the river.
Western span of the Walnut Street Bridge after it collapsed during the 1996 flood. The eastern span is still in use for pedestrian traffic.
After derailing due to metal fatigue in one of its metal tyres, the Hanover-bound InterCityExpresshigh speed train collided with a road bridge, causing it to collapse onto part of the train. 99 people on board the train, as well as two engineers who were working near the track at the time of the accident, were killed.
Sections of a closed pedestrian footbridge fell onto the four northbound traffic lanes of Interstate 695 after an excavator loaded on a passing tractor-trailer clipped the bottom of the structure. The boom of the excavator struck the underside of the bridge briefly lifting the section before it fell to the roadway. The single fatality was a driver in the left lane who was killed when the bridge fell directly onto the front of their vehicle smashing the hood and engine compartment to the pavement. Two other vehicles were also struck by the falling span. The driver of the tractor-trailer did not realize he had hit the bridge and continued to travel, stopping only after the excavator hit and slightly damaged another overpass.[43][44]
The entire footbridge, the surviving span and the fallen span, were demolished overnight and removed by the next morning. The entire structure - which was built in 1957 - had been closed for two years.[43][44]
Collapsed after being struck by an over-height and improperly secured load on a flatbed tractor-trailer. The driver loaded the excavator backwards and neglected to tuck the boom so the maximum height was actually 17 feet, 9 inches above the roadway. The pedestrian bridge, which had just been inspected in the month prior to the accident and found to be structurally sound, had a vertical clearance of 16 feet. As the truck passed under the bridge, the high boom impacted the superstructure, collapsing it onto the roadway.[45][46]
Northbound right lane began to buckle during the morning rush hour and sagged a few feet below normal. Damage was a result of a violent failure of cross bracing members caused by extremely high stress concentrations in triaxial welds.
0 killed, 0 injured
Partial collapse
Damaged section removed by controlled demolition and rebuilt. Remainder of bridge extensively repaired and retrofitted. Triaxial welds were drilled and most cross bracing members were removed. Many other similar bridges around the world were also modified in this way as a result of this failure.
Pillar foundation became compromised due to years of illegal, but permitted sand extraction and the central span collapsed.
59 killed
Collapse of central sections
Bridge collapsed when a bus was passing in stormy weather with fast river flow. Three cars also fell in the collapsed section. Bridge demolished and replaced by modern bridge.
Concrete bridge for vehicle traffic over Laguna Madre
4 loaded barges veered 175 feet (53 m) west of the navigation channel and struck one of the bridge supports, causing a partial collapse of 3 sections measuring approximately 80 feet (24 m) each.
8 killed, 13 survivors
Partial collapse
The damaged section of the Queen Isabella Causeway.
The collapse had a significant economic impact on the region since the Causeway is the only road connecting South Padre Island to Port Isabel. The bridge also carried electricity lines and fresh water to the island. State officials brought in ferries to temporarily carry cars across the Laguna Madre. Repair cost for the bridge was estimated US$5 million.
Possible terrorist sabotage resulting in a train derailment
130+ killed, 150+ injured
Fifteen train cars derailed when a bridge over the Dhave River collapsed, with two cars and an unknown number of people falling into the river. 130 bodies were recovered, but the full death toll is unknown.
Collapse of the pedestrian suspension bridge when more than 50 students and teachers of a school who were running in the area crossed it when the capacity of the bridge support was maximum of three people.
Bridge collapsed as workers were screeding a concrete surface on the bridge. The machine had made it to the bridge's midspan before the entire bridge twisted and collapsed. Workers who had been working on the bridge had described it being notably "bouncy" leading up to the collapse.[52]
Partial failure under load of transport truck during severely cold temperatures. Fatigue fractures of three steel hanger rods cited to be primary reason for failure.
0 killed, 0 injured
Partial failure of bridge deck. Overhead superstructure undamaged.
Bridge reopened after complete reconstruction. Existing overhead arch remained, however new bridge deck was designed to be supported by sets of 4 hanger cables, where the existing deck was designed for single hanger cables.
Car struck a truck carrying 8,000 US gallons (30,000 litres; 6,700 imperial gallons) of heating oil, igniting a fire that melted the bridge superstructure, causing collapse of the southbound lanes
0 killed, 1 injured
Partial collapse
Northbound lanes shored up with falsework and reopened 3 days later; temporary bridge installed to carry southbound lanes. New permanent bridge completed in November 2004.
As part of a construction project, a girder twisted, sagged, and fell onto I-70. An SUV was driving eastbound and struck the fallen girder; the top of the vehicle was torn off and the three passengers died instantly.[55]
After Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, the old Twin Spans suffered extensive damage, as the rising storm surge had pulled or shifted bridge segments off their piers.
0 killed, 0 injured
The eastbound span was missing 38 segments with another 170 misaligned, while the westbound span was missing 26 segments with 265 misaligned.
Bridge was reconstructed but later replaced with two new spans due to vulnerability to storm surges.
The NTSB said that undersized gusset plates, increased concrete surfacing load, and weight of construction supplies/equipment caused this collapse.
13 killed, 145 injured
Total bridge failure
Security camera images show the collapse in animation, looking north. Collapsed at 6:05pm beneath bumper-to-bumper rush hour traffic confined to 4 of 8 lanes due to resurfacing in progress. The rebuilt I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge was reopened on 18 September 2008.
It is believed to be linked to the fact that local contractors often opt for shoddy materials to cut costs and use migrant laborers with little or no safety training. Exact cause remains unknown.
34 killed, 22 injured
Total collapse
Collapsed during construction as workers were removing scaffolding from its facade
Collapse of a temporary pillar due to the sandy foundation it was set on.[71]
55 killed, hundreds injured
Section buckled while construction was underway
Pieces of Cần Thơ Bridge remaining after its collapse on 4 October 2007, ten days after the accident. A preliminary investigation discovered that the engineers had underspecified the loading capacity of the scaffolding in several ways, but ultimately it was determined that the unevenly settling foundation was the primary cause of the collapse.
Two tension rods and a crossbeam from a recently installed repair collapsed during the evening commute, causing the bridge to be closed temporarily.
0 killed, 1 injured
During an extended closure as part of the eastern span replacement of the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge over the 2009 Labor Day holiday, a critical failure was discovered in an eyebar that would have been significant enough to cause a closure of the bridge.[79] Emergency repairs took 70 hours and were completed on 9 September 2009. This is the repair that failed.
Railway Bridge RDG1 48 over the River Crane near Feltham
Human error. As workers were repairing a cable during maintenance work, a support cable snapped, causing the roadway to fall into the 50-metre-deep Mahakam River. Exact cause remains unknown and undetermined.
20 killed, 40 injured (33 missing)
Deck completely destroyed, 2 bridge pillars were standing at the time of the collapse.
Kutai Kartanegara Bridge on the day of the collapse. Replacement arch bridge opened in 2015.
The MV Delta Mariner struck the bottom portion of a span of the bridge when travelling in the incorrect channel of the river.
0 killed, 0 Injured
Span over the recreational channel of the river collapsed.
Emergency repairs to bridge completed on May 25, 2012. There were preexisting plans before the collapse to replace the bridge with a 4-lane bridge over the river.
Bridge did not carry rail traffic anymore, and carried pedestrians, part of the Iron Horse Trail. Another small fire was set in 2015. Bridge is being rebuilt.[92]
Oversized semi-truck load carrying drilling equipment from Alberta clipped top steel girder causing bridge collapse.
0 killed, 3 injured
One 167 foot span collapsed.
Truss bridges like this one require both the top and the bottom to remain equal in strength and solidity. When the truck hit the top girder, or girders, this caused the pressure/squeeze system to fail, which made the bridge fold up. The design was outdated; more modern types of truss can better withstand such forces.
A Union Pacific train T-boned a Burlington Northern Santa Fe train outside of Scott City, Missouri, at approximately 2:30am. The impact caused numerous rail cars to hit a support pillar of a highway overpass, collapsing two sections of the bridge onto the rail line. Two cars ended up driving onto the collapsed sections, injuring three people in one vehicle and two in the other. Two people on one of the trains were also injured.[96][97]
7 injured
Two roadway bridge sections collapsed onto the rail line below.
Collapsed during construction, Design flaw in curvature section of a span resulted in collapse of a curved span slab during the removal of staging plates.
10 killed, 6 injured
Total collapse of one wing.
Bridge constructed after necessary modification in design.[99]
Bridge collapsed during concrete casting, with debris falling onto open motorway below and narrowly missing vehicles, closing major motorway E47 for several days. The remains of the bridge were subsequently demolished and a replacement built elsewhere.[100]
The Skjeggestad Bridge after collapse. One pier pushed askew due to landslide in quick clay affected area. Underlying reason to be determined. Northbound span shut down precautionary. Damaged section removed by controlled demolition and rebuilt.
Structure was longitudinally saw cut, south half of the structure was open to traffic while the north half was in the process of being demolished. North half collapsed with 51-ton excavator on the bridge. Underlying reason to be determined. Northbound span shut down precautionary. After collapse, structure was fully closed and south half was demolished. New structure was built and opened to traffic on 26 October 2015.[102]
Bolts holding uplift bearing to main girders of the bridge snapped,[103] due to design and construction errors.[104]
No injuries were reported
West side of bridge separated from abutment and rose 60cm above grade, but not seriously damaging the span
Newly constructed bridge failed after only 42 days of use. Because the bridge failure severed the only road link within Canada between Eastern and Western Canada,[105] a temporary repair was completed the next day by adding weights to depress the span into position.[106]
Two buses and few cars plunged into the flooded river. 28 dead.
Partial collapse
The bridge collapsed in the middle of the night, sending many vehicles plunging into the river. A nearby garage worker heard the noise and went to the bridge to stop cars, preventing further casualties.
Slings snapped while 70 people were on the bridge during Nyepi celebration in Bali. Authorities stated that the sling cables that snapped could have been caused by overloading. Most witnesses stated that before the collapse, the bridge had swayed and shook for several times.[113][114]
Allegations have been made that the maintenance company, ANAS, had requested that the bridge be closed before the collapse and that the request was denied by Lecco, pending documentation.[116]
The foundation for one of the two piers was undermined by the landslide causing the pier to slide downhill with the earth around it and fail, and the deck to sag.
Bridge collapse resulted in a 6-hour detour to get from one side of Big Sur to the other side, effectively splitting the community in half. It was replaced with a 310-foot-long span steel bridge that opened to traffic on 13 October 2017.[117]
Probably corrosion or damage of the suspension cables, impossibility of their effective inspection, impact of 2002 flood supposed.
4 injured (2 heavily)
Total collapse.
Diagnostic research in 2007–2009 and in 2016 assessed the condition as wrong but not emergency. The last expert opinion was finished three weeks before the collapse. Since 2014, the bridge motion was continuously monitored every 2 minutes. The monitored data from 1:16pm indicated nothing extraordinary, at 1:18pm, the bridge was collapsed already. A footbridge from an important Prague park to the Prague Zoo over an arm of the Vltava river also collapsed.[122][123]
Partially constructed concrete truss bridge, a rare design. Main span (174 ft.) prefabricated and moved over busy city street. Faulty design (insufficient rebar for interface shear capacity), lack of redundancy, lack of peer review and oversight all contributed to failure. Work was performed while street was open to traffic.[124][125]
6 dead, 10 others injured.
Complete collapse onto public street with heavy vehicular traffic
Built 2004, 60-ton specification was reduced to 20 tons, when a six-wheel truck crossed at midnight, 1am, bridge broke in half. Suspected steel rode. Exact cause remains unknown.
One section directly over the river Rahue collapsed
The bridge was under surveillance and undergoing maintenance work as several problems had been reported over the prior year. The Directorate of Hydraulic Works had reported only days prior to the accident to the Ministry of Public Works that mitigation measures were necessary as riverflow changes were causing potential undermining of the bridge foundations. Other suspected causes were improperly regulated extraction of sand and stones from the riverbed[130]
Major motorable bridge in Kolkata (ashpalt motorway)
Possibly "had become too heavy and needed to shed load"
3 dead, 25 injured
35meter section collapsed with a bus, 5 cars and three two-wheelers on the span.[133]
In mid-2017 experts had issued warning that the bridge was too heavy. "The agency had mentioned that the vibrator index of the bridge was okay.... But it suggested shedding of load from the bridge as the structure beneath was carrying more load than it could bear," said a senior Bengal government official who was involved with the safety audit.[134]
Raised dump trailer struck overpass bridge, with the road deck shifted 6 feet (2 m)[151]
0 injured
I-16 was closed in both directions from Exits 71 (GA Route 15/GA Route 78) to 78 (US Route 221/GA Route 56) as the compromised bridge was demolished and cleared.[151] I-16 was reopened within 48 hours of the incident, but GA Route 86 had remained closed.[152] In October 2021, GDOT awarded a US$3.6 million contract to reconstruct the GA Route 86 overpass as well as repave 4 miles (6 km) of US Route 221 that was damaged while I-16 was detoured, and the bridge was opened up to traffic in late July 2022.[153][154]
Cause of collapse remains unknown, as investigations were proved useless due to no primary fractures found in the critical areas of the welded steel girders.
A bus carrying the driver and two passengers as well as four other cars were on bridge deck during collapse. Weight limit of 26 Tons in place at time of collapse.[155] Following the collapse, PennDOT ordered reviews of structural adequacy for five other bridges with similar designs to the Fern Hollow Bridge immediately; those five bridges were found to be in "fair" condition at their last inspections.
Replacement bridge opened 20 December the same year.
Investigation is ongoing (as of Q3 2022).[107] It is not desirable to have (laminated) wood from the collapsed bridge, floating down the river; as of August, parts of the bridge were still being lifted out of the river and onto the shore, and investigators are taking photos while the parts are being disconnected from the collapsed bridge.
Gotham (2018 TV series episode): numerous bridges destroyed in Gotham
A Single Shard: bridge railing breaks and causes Crane-man's death
Godzilla (2014 film): Godzilla, under attack by the United States Navy while in pursuit of 2 MUTOs, walks through the road deck of the Golden Gate Bridge.
^"RAILWAY BRIDGE COLLAPSES". The Australasian. Vol. LXIII, no. 1644. Victoria, Australia. 2 October 1897. p. 38. Retrieved 14 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Dover". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
^Goins, Charles Robert; Goble, Danney (2006). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 119. ISBN0-8061-3482-8.
^Sencicle, Lorraine (January 2008). "Dover Oklahoma". The Daughters of Dover: Dover around the world. Dover, England: The Dover Society. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
^Final Report in Vehicle Collisions with Highway Bridges, The Bridge and Engineering Software and Technology Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park. November 2001. Maryland State Highway Administration. Contract Number SP907B1.[1]
.jpg)
_Star_Clipper_raserade_Alm%C3%B6bron.JPG)
_002.JPG)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
