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This article presents a list of military occupations, both historic and contemporary, but only those that have taken place since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the Hague Convention of 1907.[1]
As currently understood in international law, "military occupation" is the effective military control by a power of a territory outside of said power's recognized sovereign territory.[2] The occupying power in question may be an individual state or a supranational organization, such as the United Nations.
Territory | Since | Occupied state/territory | Occupying state | Occupier's declared state/territory | Status | |
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Transnistria | 1992 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[a] | |
Abkhazia | 2008 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[3][b] | ||
South Ossetia | ![]() | |||||
Crimea[4][5] | 2014 | ![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[3] | ||
Significant parts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts | 2014[d]
2022[e] |
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Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblasts:
Mykolaiv Oblast:
Kharkiv Oblast:
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East Jerusalem[13][14][15][16] | 1967 | Palestinian territories;![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[3][21][m] | |
West Bank[22] | ![]() |
Occupation by a foreign power,[23][n] with de facto partial annexation in the West Bank[3] | ||||
Gaza Strip[o] | — | |||||
Golan Heights[27][28][29] | ![]() |
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Al-Tanf[31] | 2015 | ![]() |
— | Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[31][q] | ||
Azaz, al-Bab and Jarabulus Districts[32][33] | 2016 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[r] | ||
Afrin District | 2018 | Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power.[34][s] | ||||
Tell Abyad and Ras al-Ayn Districts | 2019 | Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power.[t] | ||||
Northern Cyprus[35] | 1974 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[3][6][u] | ||
Sofulu, Barxudarlı, Yukhari Askipara and Karki[36] | 1992 | ![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power | |
Artsvashen[37] | ![]() |
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Majority of the Western Sahara[38] | 1975 | ![]() |
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![]() (annexed between 1976-79) |
Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[3][21][v] |
Events before the Hague Convention of 1907 are out of scope.
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
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Korea | 1905–1910 | ![]() |
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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 | Aftermath of Russo-Japanese War | Yes |
Cuba | 1906–1909 | ![]() |
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Provisional Government of Cuba | Banana Wars | No |
Libya | 1911–1912 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Libya | Italo-Turkish War | Yes |
Albania | 1912–1913[39] | ![]() |
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Occupation of Albania | Balkan Wars | No |
Nicaragua | 1912–1933 | ![]() |
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Occupation of Nicaragua | Banana Wars | No |
Veracruz | 1914 | ![]() |
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Occupation of Veracruz | Mexican Revolution | No |
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transcaucasia | 1920 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Azerbaijan | Russian Civil War | Yes |
1921 | ![]() |
Invasion of Georgia | Yes | |||
Ruhr | 1923–1924 | ![]() |
Occupation of the Ruhr | Aftermath of World War I | No | |
Manchuria / Manchukuo | 1931–1945 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Manchuria | Second Sino-Japanese War | No |
Xinjiang | 1934 | ![]() |
Invasion of Xinjiang | Kumul Rebellion | No |
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2022–2023 | ![]() |
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Russian invasion of Ukraine | Russo-Ukrainian War | No[ao] |
Parts of Mykolaiv Oblast[ap]
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Partial[j] |