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This article presents a list of military occupations, both historic and contemporary, but only those that have taken place since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the Hague Convention of 1907.[1]
As currently understood in international law, "military occupation" is the effective military control by a power of a territory outside of said power's recognized sovereign territory.[2] The occupying power in question may be an individual state or a supranational organization, such as the United Nations.
Territory | Since | Occupied state/territory | Occupying state | Occupier's declared state/territory | Status | |
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East Jerusalem[3][4][5][6] | 1967 | Palestinian territories;![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[11][12][b] | |
West Bank[13] | ![]() |
Occupation by a foreign power,[14][c] with de facto partial annexation in the West Bank[11] | ||||
Gaza Strip[d] | — | |||||
Golan Heights[18][19][20] | ![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[11][12][e] Recognized by only the United States as part of Israel.[21] | |||
Northern Cyprus[22] | 1974 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[11][23][f] | |
Majority of the Western Sahara[24] | 1975 | ![]() |
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![]() (annexed between 1976-79) |
Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[11][12][g] | |
Transnistria | 1992 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[h] | |
Majority of Nagorno-Karabakh | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[i] | ||
Sofulu, Barxudarlı, Yukhari Askipara and Karki[25] | ![]() |
Occupation by a foreign power | ||||
Artsvashen[26] | ![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power | ||
Abkhazia | 2008 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[11][j] | |
South Ossetia | ![]() | |||||
Crimea[27][28] | 2014 | ![]() |
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Occupation by a foreign power with annexation[11] | ||
Significant parts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts
Negligible part of Kharkiv Oblast |
2014[l]
2022[m] |
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Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblasts:
Mykolaiv Oblast:
Kharkiv Oblast:
| |||
Al-Tanf[35] | 2015 | ![]() |
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Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[35][t] | |
Northern parts of the Aleppo Governorate[36][37] | 2016 | ![]() |
Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power[u] | |||
Afrin Region[38] | 2018 | Occupation by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power.[38][v] |
Events before the Hague Convention of 1907 are out of scope.
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Korea | 1910–1945 | ![]() |
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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 | Aftermath of Russo-Japanese War | Yes |
Libya | 1911–1912 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Libya | Italo-Turkish War | Yes |
Albania | 1912–1913[39] | ![]() |
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Occupation of Albania | Balkan Wars | No |
Nicaragua | 1912–1933 | ![]() |
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Occupation of Nicaragua | Banana Wars | No |
Veracruz | 1914 | ![]() |
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Occupation of Veracruz | Mexican Revolution | No |
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transcaucasia | 1920 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Azerbaijan | Russian Civil War | Yes |
1921 | ![]() |
Invasion of Georgia | Yes | |||
Ruhr | 1923–1924 | ![]() |
Occupation of the Ruhr | Aftermath of World War I | No | |
Manchuria / Manchukuo | 1931–1945 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Manchuria | Second Sino-Japanese War | No |
Xinjiang | 1934 | ![]() |
Invasion of Xinjiang | Kumul Rebellion | No | |
Ethiopia | 1935–1941 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Ethiopia | Second Italo-Ethiopian War | Yes |
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junagadh | 1947–1948 | ![]() |
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Annexation of Junagadh | — | Yes |
West Bank[a] | 1948–1967[45] | Post-Mandate Palestine | ![]() |
Jordanian annexation of the West Bank | 1948 Arab–Israeli War | Yes |
Gaza Strip[a] | 1948–1956 1957–1967[af] |
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Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt | No | ||
Hyderabad | 1948 | ![]() |
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Annexation of Hyderabad | — | Yes |
Sikkim | 1949[46]–1950 | ![]() |
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Intervention in Sikkim | No | |
Tibet | 1949–1951 | ![]() |
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Annexation of Tibet | Yes | |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 1954–1974 | ![]() |
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Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli | — | Yes |
Suez Canal Zone | 1956 | ![]() |
Suez Crisis | Arab–Israeli conflict | No | |
Sinai | 1956–1957 | ![]() |
No | |||
Gaza Strip | ![]() |
No | ||||
Hungary | 1956 | ![]() |
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Hungarian Uprising | Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | No |
Laos | 1959–1975 | ![]() |
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Invasion of Laos | Laotian Civil War | No |
Occupied territory | Years | Occupied state | Occupying state | Event | Part of war(s) | Subsequently annexed? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2022 | ![]() |
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Russian invasion of Ukraine | Russo-Ukrainian War | No[am] |
Parts of Mykolaiv Oblast[an]
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Partial[r] |