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((Short description|Images carved on a rock surface as a form of rock art))
((Other uses))
((Redirect|Rock carving|other uses|Rock art))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=June 2019))
((Original research|date=June 2019))
))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2022))
[[File:Golpayegan.petroglyphs0101.jpg|thumb|Rock art in [[Iran]], [[Teimareh]] region]]
[[File:Libya 5321 Meercatze (Gatti Mammoni) Petroglyphs Wadi Methkandoush Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Rock carving known as ((lang|de|Meerkatze)) (named by archaeologist [[Leo Frobenius]]), rampant lionesses in [[Wadi Mathendous]], Mesak Settafet region of Libya.]]
[[File:Laxe dos carballos 01.JPG|thumb|European petroglyphs: ((lang|es|Laxe dos carballos)) in [[Campo Lameiro]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], Spain (4th–2nd millennium BCE), depicting [[cup and ring mark]]s and deer hunting scenes]]
[[File:Negev camel petroglyph.jpg|thumb|Petroglyph of a camel; Negev, southern Israel.]]
[[File:Petroglifos de Las Labradas 08.jpg|thumb|Petroglyphs of the archaeological site of [[Las Labradas (Sinaloa)|Las Labradas]], situated on the coast of the [[San Ignacio Municipality, Sinaloa|municipality of San Ignacio]] ([[Mexico|Mexican]] [[Sinaloa|state of Sinaloa]])]]
A '''petroglyph''' is an [[image]] created by removing part of a [[rock (geology)|rock]] surface by incising, picking, carving, or [[abrasion (geology)|abrading]], as a form of [[rock art]]. Outside [[North America]], scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions of the technique to refer to such images. Petroglyphs, estimated to be 20,000 years old are classified as protected monuments and have been added to the tentative list of [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage Sites]]. Petroglyphs are found worldwide, and are often associated with [[prehistory|prehistoric]] peoples. The word comes from the [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] prefix ((transliteration|grc|[[wikt:petro-|petro-]])), from ((lang|grc|πέτρα)) ((transliteration|grc|petra)) meaning "[[stone]]", and ((lang|grc|γλύφω)) ((transliteration|grc|glýphō)) meaning "carve", and was originally coined in French as ((lang|fr|pétroglyphe)).

In scholarly texts, a ''petroglyph'' is a rock engraving, whereas a ''[[petrograph]]'' (or ''pictograph'') is a rock painting.<ref>((cite book |last1=Wieschhoff |first1=Heinrich Albert |title=Africa |date=1945 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |quote=Most noteworthy among the relics of [[Africa]]'s early periods are the rock-paintings (petrographs) and rock-engravings (petroglyphs) which have been discovered in many parts of the continent.))</ref><ref>((cite book | author = T. Douglas Price | title =  Europe Before Rome: A Site-by-Site Tour of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages | date = 2012 | publisher = Oxford University Press | quote = This art falls into two categories, depending on how it is made: petroglyphs are carved into rock, and pictographs are painted on the rock.| page = 116))</ref> In common usage, the words are sometimes used interchangeably.<ref>((cite web |title=petrograph |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/petrograph |website=Merriam-Webster |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=November 26, 2020))</ref><ref>((cite book |title=Webster's Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |date=2001 |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-681-31723-X |page=1449))</ref> Both types of image belong to the wider and more general category of rock art or [[parietal art]]. [[Petroforms]], or patterns and shapes made by many large rocks and boulders over the ground, are also quite different. [[Inuksuit]] are not petroglyphs, but human-made rock forms found in Arctic regions.

== History ==
[[File:Haljesta.jpg|thumb|Composite image of petroglyphs from [[Scandinavia]] (Häljesta, Västmanland in Sweden). Nordic Bronze Age. The glyphs have been painted to make them more visible.]]
[[File:MtnSheepPetroglyph.jpg|thumb|right|A petroglyph of a caravan of [[bighorn sheep]] near [[Moab, Utah]], United States; a common theme in glyphs from the desert Southwest and Great Basin]]

Petroglyphs have been found in all parts of the globe except [[Antarctica]], with highest concentrations in parts of Africa, Scandinavia and Siberia, many examples of petroglyphs found globally are dated to approximately the [[Neolithic]] and late [[Upper Paleolithic]] boundary (roughly 10,000 to 12,000 years ago).<!--, though some, such as those found at [[Kamyana Mohyla]], were created earlier than this; some petroglyph sites in Australia are estimated to date back 20,000 years,<ref>((Cite journal|last1=Finch|first1=Damien|last2=Gleadow|first2=Andrew|last3=Hergt|first3=Janet|last4=Heaney|first4=Pauline|last5=Green|first5=Helen|last6=Myers|first6=Cecilia|last7=Veth|first7=Peter|last8=Harper|first8=Sam|last9=Ouzman|first9=Sven|last10=Levchenko|first10=Vladimir A.|date=2021-02-22|title=Ages for Australia's oldest rock paintings|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-01041-0.epdf?sharing_token=iu72RcqdkdmYMclRIrdzkNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O_ZmBoOTKvLWgoF8thF9coIDbygP5gr-Kcdm5GhKOcaY5vYdC5Bx8luEHVA1cSCa-U2LjpDQWF-SAbSjLwxNVmbrAoEqwBysDTg7IS17aXZZNtUYt5SXbF0ZNisu8GpA-La8EyX4Msu2eLgP4hWMIGwBL5zSQGDevHl_TpZf6G4g==|journal=Nature Human Behaviour|language=en|volume=5|issue=3|pages=310–318|doi=10.1038/s41562-020-01041-0|pmid=33619375|s2cid=232020013|issn=2397-3374))</ref>((not in source))[a rock painting is not a petroglyph] and other examples of petroglyphs are estimated to be as old as 40,000 years.((citation needed|date=November 2020))-->

Around 7,000 to 9,000 years ago, following the introduction of a number of precursors of [[writing system]]s, the existence and creation of petroglyphs began to suffer and tail off, with different forms of art, such as [[pictograph]]s and [[ideogram]]s, taking their place. However, petroglyphs continued to be created and remained somewhat common, with various cultures continuing to use them for differing lengths of time, including cultures who continued to create them until contact with [[Western culture]] was made in the 19th and 20th centuries.((citation needed|date=November 2020))

==Interpretation==
Many hypotheses exist as to the purpose of petroglyphs, depending on their location, age, and subject matter. Some petroglyph images most likely held a deep cultural and religious significance for the societies that created them. Many petroglyphs are thought to represent a type of symbolic or ritualistic language or communication style that remains not fully understood. Others, such as [[geocontourglyph]]s, more clearly depict or represent a landform or the surrounding terrain, such as rivers and other geographic features.((citation needed|date=May 2022))

Some petroglyph maps, depicting trails, as well as containing symbols communicating the time and distances travelled along those trails, exist; other petroglyph maps act as astronomical markers. As well as holding geographic and astronomical importance, other petroglyphs may also have been a by-product of various rituals: sites in India, for example, have seen some petroglyphs identified as musical instruments or "[[rock gong]]s".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3520384.stm Ancient Indians made 'rock music']. BBC News (2004-03-19). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>

Some petroglyphs likely formed types of symbolic communication, such as types of [[proto-writing]].<ref>((Cite journal|last=Houston|first=Stephen D.|date=2004-10-01|title=The Archaeology of Communication Technologies|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143724|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=33|issue=1|pages=223–250|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143724|issn=0084-6570))</ref> Later glyphs from the [[Nordic Bronze Age]] in Scandinavia seem to refer to some form of territorial boundary between [[tribe]]s, in addition to holding possible religious meanings. Petroglyph styles have been recognised as having local or regional "dialects" from similar or neighboring peoples. [[Siberian inscriptions]] loosely resemble an early form of [[Runic alphabet|runes]], although no direct relationship has been established.

Petroglyphs from different continents show similarities. While people would be inspired by their direct surroundings, it is harder to explain the common styles. This could be mere coincidence, an indication that certain groups of people [[Human migration|migrated]] widely from some initial common area, or indication of a common origin. In 1853, [[George Tate (topographer)|George Tate]] presented a paper to the Berwick Naturalists' Club, at which a [[John Collingwood Bruce]] agreed that the carvings had "... a common origin, and indicate a symbolic meaning, representing some popular thought."<ref>J. Collingwood Bruce (1868; cited in Beckensall, S., ''Northumberland's Prehistoric Rock Carvings: A Mystery Explained''. Pendulum Publications, Rothbury, Northumberland. 1983:19)</ref> In his cataloguing of Scottish rock art, Ronald Morris summarized 104 different theories on their interpretation.<ref>Morris, Ronald (1979) ''The Prehistoric Rock Art of Galloway and The Isle of Man'', Blandford Press, ((ISBN|978-0-7137-0974-2)).</ref>

Other theories suggest that petroglyphs were carved by spiritual leaders, such as [[shaman]]s, in an [[altered state of consciousness]],<ref>[See: D. Lewis-Williams, ''A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art'' (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2002).]</ref> perhaps induced by the use of natural [[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants#Hallucinogenic plants, fungi, and animals|hallucinogens]]. Many of the [[Geometry|geometric]] [[pattern]]s (known as [[form constant]]s) which recur in petroglyphs and [[cave paintings]] have been shown by David Lewis-Williams to be hardwired into the human brain. They frequently occur in visual disturbances and hallucinations brought on by drugs, [[migraine]], and other stimuli.

The Rock Art Research Institute (RARI) of the [[University of the Witwatersrand]] studies present-day links between religion and rock art among the [[San people]] of the [[Kalahari Desert]].<ref>[http://rockart.wits.ac.za/ Rockart.wits.ac.za] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730134938/http://rockart.wits.ac.za/ |date=2017-07-30 )) Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref> Though the San people's artworks are predominantly paintings, the beliefs behind them can perhaps be used as a basis for understanding other types of rock art, including petroglyphs. To quote from the RARI website:
<blockquote>Using knowledge of San beliefs, researchers have shown that the art played a fundamental part in the religious lives of its painters. The art captured things from the San's world behind the rock-face: the other world inhabited by spirit creatures, to which dancers could travel in animal form, and where people of ecstasy could draw power and bring it back for healing, rain-making and capturing the game.<ref>((cite web|title=Rock Art Research Institute (RARI)|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/rockart/|website=University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.|access-date=9 September 2017))</ref></blockquote>

== List of petroglyph sites ==

=== Africa ===
[[File:Site archéologique de Bidzar4.jpg|thumb|A petroglyph in Bidzar, Cameroon]]

==== Algeria ====
* [[Tassili n'Ajjer]]

==== Cameroon ====
* [[Bidzar]]

==== Central African Republic ====
* Bambari, [[Lengo]] and Bangassou in the south; Bwale in the west
* Toulou
* Djebel Mela
* Koumbala

==== Chad ====
* [[Niola Doa]]

==== Republic of the Congo ====
* The [[Niari Valley]], 250&nbsp;km south west of Brazzaville

==== Egypt ====
* [[Qurta]], on the east bank of the [[Nile]] River in the upper Nile valley, has [[Nubian Sandstone]] formations featuring the first and earliest known examples of petroglyphs in the region of [[North Africa]], dating back to 19–15,000 years BP<ref>((cite journal|last1=Huyge|first1=Dirk|last2=Vandenberghe|first2=Dimitri A.G.|last3=De Dapper|first3=Morgan|last4=Mees|first4=Florias|last5=Claes|first5=Wouter|last6=Darnell|first6=John C.|date=21 November 2011|title=First evidence of Pleistocene rock art in North Africa: securing the age of the Qurta petroglyphs (Egypt) through OSL dating|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/first-evidence-of-pleistocene-rock-art-in-north-africa-securing-the-age-of-the-qurta-petroglyphs-egypt-through-osl-dating/FBE838867A15C3CE76CAF883568AC251|journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]|volume=85|issue=330|pages=1184–1193|doi=10.1017/S0003598X00061998|s2cid=130471822 |access-date=30 May 2023))</ref><ref>((cite journal|date=28 May 2012|title=Egypt: The Aurochs of Qurta|url=https://www.world-archaeology.com/features/egypt-the-aurochs-of-qurta/|journal=[[World Archaeology]]|issue=53|access-date=30 May 2023))</ref>
* [[Wadi Hammamat]] in [[Qift]], many carvings and inscriptions dating from before the earliest Egyptian Dynasties to the modern era, including the only painted petroglyph known from the Eastern Desert and drawings of Egyptian [[reed boat]]s dated to 4000 BCE
* Inscription Rock in South [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], is a large rock with carvings and writings ranging from Nabatean to Latin, Ancient Greek and Crusader eras located a few miles from the Ain Hudra Oasis. A second rock sites approximately 1&nbsp;km from the main rock near the Nabatean tombs of Nawamis with carvings of animals including Camels, Gazelles and others. The original archaeologists who investigated these in the 1800s have also left their names carved on this rock.
* Giraffe petroglyphs found in the region of [[Gebel el-Silsila]]. The rock faces have been used for extensive quarrying of materials for temple building especially during the period specified as the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]]. The Giraffe depictions are located near a [[stela]] of the king [[Amenhotep IV]]. The images are not dated, but they are probably dated from the Predynastic periods.

==== Ethiopia ====
* [[Tiya (archaeological site)|Tiya]]

==== Gabon ====
* Ogooue River Valley
* Epona
* Elarmekora
* Kongo Boumba
* Lindili
* Kaya Kaya

==== Libya ====
* [[Akakus]]
* [[Jebel Uweinat]]

==== Morocco ====
* The [[Draa River]] valley.
* Taouz.<ref>Gonzalo de Salazar,"The Chariots of Sahara", Adoranten, Tanum: Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, 2000. </ref>
* Akka
* Smara

[[File:Lion Plate at Twyfelfontein, Namibia (2014).jpg|thumb|Lion Plate at ''Twyfelfontein'' in [[Namibia]] (2014)]]

==== Namibia ====
* [[Twyfelfontein]]

==== Niger ====
* Life-size [[giraffe]] carvings on [[Dabous Giraffes|Dabous Rock]], Aïr Mountains

==== South Africa ====
* [[Driekops Eiland]] near [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]]<ref>Parkington, J. Morris, D. & Rusch, N. 2008. Karoo rock engravings. Clanwilliam: Krakadouw Trust; Morris, D. & Beaumont, P. 2004. Archaeology in the Northern Cape: some key sites. Kimberley: McGregor Museum.</ref>
* [[ǀXam and ǂKhomani heartland]] in the [[Karoo]], [[Northern Cape]]
* [[Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre]] near [[Kimberley, Northern Cape]]
* [[Keiskie]] near [[Calvinia]], [[Northern Cape]]
'''Tunisia'''<ref>((Cite journal |last=Ben Nasr|first=Jaafar |date=June 2015 |title=The Rock Art of Tunisia When, Why and to whom? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340926432 |journal=Expression |issue=8))</ref>

* [[Oueslatia|Ouesslat]] Mountain, Ain Kanfous<ref>((Cite journal |last=Yahia-Acheche |first=Sophie |date=2013-06-02 |title=Ousselat (Jebel — ; Tunisie) : Préhistoire et art rupestre |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2870 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=36 |pages=5986–5993 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2870 |issn=1015-7344|doi-access=free ))</ref> and Zamla<ref>((Cite journal |last=Jaafar Ben Nasr |date=November 2021 |title=Les peintures rupestres de l'abri de Zamla (Jebel Ousselat – Tunisie centrale) : la représentation d'une planimétrie agraire ? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356493858 |journal=Antiquités Africaines |volume=57 |pages=19–32))</ref>
* [[Tamerza|Tameghza]]<ref>((Cite journal |last=Roux |first=Henri |date=1911 |title=Peinture Rupestre du Djebel-Bliji (Sud -Tunisien) |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bmsap_0037-8984_1911_num_2_1_8311 |journal=Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=31–32 |doi=10.3406/bmsap.1911.8311))</ref>
* The [[Tataouine Governorate|Tataouine]] Region, in particular [[Ghomrassen]]<ref>((Cite journal |last=Mohamed Elhedi Ghrabi |date=2009 |title=Les peintures rupestres de Ghomrassen |url=https://www.ccsp.it/web/INFOCCSP/VCS%20storico/vcs2009pdf/Ghrabi.pdf |journal=Valcamonica Symposium |volume=XXIII))</ref> and Smar<ref>((Cite journal |last1=Ben Nasr |first1=Jaâfar |last2=Houla |first2=Yassine |date=2020-10-01 |title=Les gravures rupestres d'Aïn Charchara (Smar-Tataouine; Sud-Est tunisien) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003552120300388 |journal=L'Anthropologie |series=Art préhistorique |language=fr |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=102762 |doi=10.1016/j.anthro.2020.102762 |s2cid=225122514 |issn=0003-5521))</ref>

==== Zambia ====
* [[Nyambwezi Falls]] in the north-west province.

=== Asia ===
<gallery>
File:Cheung Chau Rock Carving 1.jpg|Rock carving on [[Cheung Chau]] Island, Hong Kong
File:KyrgyzPetroglyphs.jpg|Petroglyphs at Cholpon-Ata in [[Kyrgyzstan]]
File:Tanbaly.jpg|[[Tamgaly]] petroglyphs in [[Kazakhstan]]
File:Buddhas at ili.jpg|[[Buddhist]] carvings at [[Ili River]] in [[Kazakhstan]]
File:Angono Petroglyphs1.jpg|Petroglyphs on a rock wall found in the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain range, [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]
File:Petoro.JPG|Petroglyph found in Awashima shrine (Japan)
</gallery>

==== Armenia ====
[[File:Petrogliph-Ughtasar-Armenia2.jpg|thumb|upright|Petroglyphs at Ughtasar, Armenia]]
* [[Ughtasar]]
* Paytasar
* [[Urtsadzor]]
* [[Aragats]]<ref>((cite journal|last=Khechoyan |first=Anna |url=https://www.academia.edu/2111647 |title=The Rock Art of the Mt. Aragats System &#124; Anna Khechoyan |journal=Xxii International Valcamonica Symposium Rock Art in the Frame of the Cultural Heritage of Humankind l'Arte Rupestre Nel Quadro del Patrimonio Culturale dell'umanità,Centro Congressi - Darfo Boario Terme (Bs) Italy 18th - 24th May |date=January 2007 |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2013-08-18))</ref>
* [[Gegham mountains]]
* [[Vardenis|Vardenis ridge]]
* See also [[Armenian Eternity sign]]

==== Azerbaijan ====
* [[Gobustan State Reserve]]
* [[Gamigaya Petroglyphs|Gemigaya]]
* [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]]
* [[Gala State Historical Ethnographic Reserve|Northern Absheron]]

==== China ====
((See also|Cliff inscriptions))
* [[Rock Paintings of Helan Mountains|Helan Mountains]] in [[Yinchuan]]<ref name="east">((cite encyclopedia|last=O'Sullivan|first=Rebecca|title=East Asia: Rock Art |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology |edition=2|year=2018|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3131-1|pages=1–11|isbn=978-3-319-51726-1))</ref>
* Hua'an Engravings
* Kangjia shimenzi in [[Xinjiang]]<ref name=east/>
* Lianyungan Rock Engravings
* Petroglyphs in Zhuhai
* [[Yin Mountains]] in [[Inner Mongolia]]<ref name=east/>
* [[Chifeng Petroglyphs]] in Inner Mongolia

==== Georgia ====
* [[Trialeti petroglyphs]]

==== Hong Kong ====
Eight [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|sites in Hong Kong]]:
* [[Tung Lung Island]]
* [[Kau Sai Chau]]
* [[Po Toi|Po Toi Island]]
* [[Cheung Chau]]
* [[Shek Pik]] on Lantau Island
* [[Wong Chuk Hang]] and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] on [[Hong Kong Island]]
* [[Lung Ha Wan]] in [[Sai Kung District|Sai Kung]]

==== India ====
[[File:Petroglyphs, Ladakh, NW India.JPG|thumb|Petroglyphs in Ladakh, India]]
* [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]], [[Raisen District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.
* [[Kupgal petroglyphs]] on Dolerite Dyke, near [[Bellary]], [[Karnataka]], India.
* Kudopi, [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg District]], [[Maharashtra]], India.
* Hiwale, [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg District]], [[Maharashtra]], India.
* Barsu, [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri District]], [[Maharashtra]], India.
* Devihasol, [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri District]], [[Maharashtra]], India
* [[Edakkal Caves]], [[Wayanad]] District, [[Kerala]], India.
* Kollur, [[Triukoilur]] 35&nbsp;km from [[Villupuram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. A large [[dolmen]] with four petroglyphs that portray men with [[trident]] and a wheel with spokes has been found. The discovery was made by [[K.T. Gandhirajan]]. This is the second instance when a dolmen with petrographs has been found in Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article22589.ece Dolmen with petroglyphs found near Villupuram]. Beta.thehindu.com (2009-09-19). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref> In October 2018, petroglyphs were discovered in the [[Ratnagiri]] and [[Rajapur, Maharashtra|Rajapur]] areas in the [[Konkan]] region of western [[Maharashtra]]. Those rock carvings which might date back to 10,000 BC, depict animals like [[hippopotamuses]] and [[rhinoceroses]] which are not found in that region of India.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-45559300|title=Prehistoric art hints at lost Indian civilisation|work=BBC|date=1 October 2018))</ref> Some carving depicts, what appears to be [[Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]] constellation.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@vijaycrypto/12000-year-old-petroglyphs-in-india-aa109f220e4d|title = 12000-year-old-petroglyphs-in-india|date = 8 November 2018))</ref>* [[Perumukkal]], [[Tindivanam]] District, [[Tamil Nadu]], India.
* [[Tirukoilur|Kollur]], [[Villupuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]].
* [[Unakoti]] near [[Kailashahar]] in [[North Tripura]] District, [[Tripura]], India.
* [[Usgalimal rock engravings]], [[Kushavati]] river banks, in Goa<ref name=goa>((cite web|last=Kamat|first=Nandkumar|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/prehistoric-goan-shamanism|title=Prehistoric Goan Shamanism|work=[[The Navhind Times]]|access-date=30 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807142019/http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/prehistoric-goan-shamanism|archive-date=7 August 2011))</ref>
* [[Tourism in Ladakh#Petroglyph|Ladakhi rock art]] in [[Ladakh]], NW Indian Himalaya.<ref>[http://www.tibetheritagefund.org/media/download/petroglyphs.pdf Petroglyphs of Ladakh: The Withering Monuments]. tibetheritagefund.org</ref>
*[[Ratnagiri]] Maharashtra [[Petroglyphs]], An eight ftlong petroglyph in Devache Gothane village in Rajapur district, Maharashtra.<ref name="Ratnagiri">((Cite news|last=Sriram|first=Jayant|date=2018-10-20|title=The petroglyphs of Ratnagiri|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-petroglyphs-of-ratnagiri/article25265399.ece|access-date=2021-06-23|issn=0971-751X))</ref>[[File:Petroglyphs In Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Goddess [[Lajja Gauri]] who is similarly portrayed, squatting and with legs facing outward]].
Kethaiyurumpu, Tamil Nadu.  Situated 28&nbsp;km north west of Dindigal, Tamil Nadu nearby Idaiyakottai and six km south west of Oddanchartam has revealed several petroglyphs mostly represent abstract symbols on two rocks, which looks like a temporary rock shelter were noticed adjacent to a Murugan temple which is in ruins on top of the Kothaiyurumbu hill.

==== Iran ====
((Further|Rock art in Iran))
[[File:Iran-map 7.jpg|alt=IRAN ROCK ARTS|thumb|Map of petroglyphs and pictographs of Iran]]
During recent years a large number of rock carvings has been identified in different parts of Iran. The vast majority depict the [[ibex]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://iranrockart.com/pages/?1054|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719063539/http://iranrockart.com/pages/?1054|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-19|title=Iran Petroglyphs – سنگ نگاره های ایران Iran Petroglyphs|work=iranrockart.com))</ref><ref name="bradshawfoundation">((cite web|url=http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/middle_east/iran_rock_art/index.php|title=Middle East Rock Art Archive – Iran Rock Art Gallery |work= Bradshaw Foundation ))</ref> Rock drawings were found in December 2016 near [[Golpayegan]], [[Iran]], which may be the oldest drawings discovered, with one cluster possibly 40,000 years old. Accurate estimations were unavailable due to US sanctions.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/world-oldest-rock-drawings-archaeologist-iran-khomeyn-mohammed-naserifard-a7470321.html|title=Archaeologist uncovers 'the world's oldest drawings'|date=12 December 2016|work=independent.co.uk))</ref>

Petroglyphs are the most ancient works of art left by humankind that provide an opening to the past eras of life and help us to discover different aspects of prehistoric lives. Tools to create petroglyphs can be classified by the age and the historical era; they could be flint, thighbone of hunted quarries, or metallic tools. The oldest pictographs in Iran are seen in Yafteh cave in Lorestan that date back 40,000 and the oldest petroglyph discovered belongs to '''Timareh''' dating back to 40,800 years ago.

Iran provides demonstrations of script formation from pictogram, ideogram, linear (2300 BC) or proto Elamite, geometric old Elamite script, Pahlevi script, Arabic script (906 years ago), Kufi script, and Farsi script back to at least 250 years ago. More than 50000 petroglyphs have been discovered, extended over all Iran's states.<ref>((cite web |title=Iran Petroglyphs |website=iranrockart.com |url=http://iranrockart.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410060817/http://iranrockart.com/|archive-date=2011-04-10 ))</ref><ref name="bradshawfoundation"/><ref>Universal Common language (book); ''Iran Petrogylphs, Ideogram Symbols'' (book); Rock Museums Rock Arts (Iran Petroglyphs) (book);
For more information : https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/world-oldest-rock-drawings-archaeologist-iran-khomeyn-mohammed-naserifard-a7470321.html ; http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/deciphering-irans-ancient-rock-art-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=107184&NewsCatID=375 ; http://theiranproject.com/blog/tag/dr-mohammed-naserifard/</ref>

==== Israel ====
* Kibbutz [[Ginosar]]
* [[Har Karkom]]
* [[Negev]]

==== Japan ====
* Awashima shrine ([[Kitakyūshū|Kitakyūshū city]])<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57">Nobuhiro, Yoshida (1994) ''The Handbook For Petrograph Fieldwork'', Chou Art Publishing, ((ISBN|4-88639-699-2)), p. 57</ref>
* [[Fugoppe Cave]], Hokkaido<ref name="east"/>
* [[Hikoshima]] ([[Shimonoseki|Shimonoseki city]])<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57" />
* [[Itsukushima|Miyajima]]<ref name="Yoshida Nobuhiro 1994 p.57" />
* Temiya cave ([[Otaru, Hokkaidō|Otaru city]])<ref>Nobuhiro, Yoshida (1994) ''The Handbook For Petrograph Fieldwork'', Chou Art Publishing, ((ISBN|4-88639-699-2)), p. 54</ref>

==== Jordan ====
* [[Wadi Rum]]
* [[Wadi Faynan]]

==== Kazakhstan ====
[[File:Koksu Petroglyphs.JPG|thumb|upright|Hunting scene in Koksu petroglyphs]]
* Koksu River, in [[Almaty Province]]
* [[Chumysh (river)|Chumysh River]] basin,
* [[Tamgaly Tas]] on the [[Ili River]]
* [[Tamgaly]] – a [[World Heritage Site]] nearly of [[Almaty]]

==== Laos ====
* [[Plain of Jars]]

==== South Korea ====
* [[Bangudae Petroglyphs]]

==== Kyrgyzstan ====
* Several sites in the [[Tien Shan]] mountains: [[Cholpon-Ata]], the Talas valley, [[Saimaluu Tash]], and on the rock outcrop called Suleiman's Throne in [[Osh]] in the [[Fergana valley]]

==== Macau ====
* [[Coloane]]

==== Malaysia ====
* [[Lumuyu Petroglyphs]]

==== Mongolia ====
* [[Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai]], UNESCO World Heritage site, 2011<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1382 Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai – UNESCO World Heritage Centre]. Whc.unesco.org (2011-06-28). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref><ref>Fitzhugh, William W. and Kortum, Richard (2012) [http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/pdf/Rock%20Art%20and%20Archaeology%20Field%20Report%202011%20FINAL_webv4.pdf Rock Art and Archaeology: Investigating Ritual Landscape in the Mongolian Altai. Field Report 2011]. The Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* Petroglyphs found in the area of Bayan-Ovoo.<ref>Prehistoric petroglyphs found in the area of Bayan-Ovoo (approximately 42,2379 N, 105,5360 E), as described and published by De Salazar Serantes in 1998 (“''Discovery of Prehistoric Ruins in Gobi Desert''”, by Gonzalo de Salazar Serantes, ''Adoranten1998''. Tanum: Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, 1998, pp 66-69). </ref> 

==== Pakistan ====
* [[Ancient Rock Carvings of Sindh]]
* [[Northern Areas#Rock art and petroglyphs|Rock art and petroglyphs in Northern Areas]],

==== Philippines ====
* [[Angono Petroglyphs]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]

==== Saudi Arabia ====
<gallery>
File:وادي قرن.jpg|Petroglyphs at Wadi Qarn.
File:Madain Saleh (6720062703).jpg|Petroglyphs at [[Hegra (Mada'in Salih)|Mada'in Salih]].
File:Inscriptions of musical instruments in Hejaz.jpg|Petroglyphs of musical instruments.
File:جبال حرة.jpg|Petroglyphs of animals, [[Tabuk, Saudi Arabia|Tabuk]].
File:جيال الزيدانية النقش الهيروغليفي.jpg|Hieroglyphic inscriptions, Tabuk.
File:نقوش جبل كويفر الاسلامية.jpg|Islamic inscriptions, [[Al-Qassim Province|Qasim]].
File:جبل دويدة.jpg|[[Thamudic]] inscriptions.
</gallery>
((div col))
* "Graffiti Rocks", about 110&nbsp;km SW of [[Riyadh]] off the [[Mecca]] highway
* [[Arwa (village)|Arwa]], west of [[Riyadh]]
* al Jawf, near al [[Dumat al-Jandal|Jawf]]
* al Jawf, [[Camel Carving Site]]
* [[Jubbah, Saudi Arabia|Jubbah]], Umm Samnan, north of Hail
* [[Janin Cave]], south of Hail
* [[Yatib]], south of [[Hail, Saudi Arabia|Hail]]
* [[Milihiya]], south of Hail
* [[Jebel al Lawz]], north of [[Tabuk, Saudi Arabia|Tabuk]]
* [[Wadi Damm]], near Tabuk
* [[Wadi Abu Oud]], near al Ula
* [[Shuwaymis]], north of [[Madina]]
* [[Jebel al Manjour]] & Ratt, north of Madina
* Hanakiya, north of Madina
* Shimli
* [[Bir Hima]], north of [[Najran]]
* [[Tathleeth]], north of Najran
* [[Al-Magar]], in Najd
((div col end))

==== Taiwan ====
* The [[Wanshan Rock Carvings Archeological Site]] near [[Maolin District]], [[Kaohsiung]], were discovered between 1978 and 2002.

==== Thailand ====
* [[Pha Taem National Park]]

==== Vietnam ====
* [[Rock engravings in Sapa]], [[Sa Pa (town)|Sa Pa]], [[Lào Cai Province]]
* [[Rock engravings in Namdan]], [[Xín Mần District]], [[Hà Giang Province]]

==== Yemen ====
* [[Eriosh Petroglyphs]], island of [[Socotra]]

=== Europe ===
<gallery>
File:Sweden-Brastad-Petroglyph Skomakaren-Aug 2003.jpg|Carving "The Shoemaker", Brastad, Sweden
File:Petroglifo bentayga.jpg|Petroglyph in [[Roque Bentayga]], Gran Canaria (Canary Islands).
File:DalgarvenMillCup&Ring.jpg|Petroglyph at [[Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume|Dalgarven Mill]], Ayrshire, Scotland.
File:Petroglifos do Castrinho de Conxo.jpg|Bronze Age petroglyphs depicting weapons, Castriño de Conxo, [[Santiago de Compostela]], Galicia.
File:Labirinto do Outeiro do Cribo.JPG|Labyrinth, [[Meis]], Galicia.
File:Laxe das Rodas 01.jpg|Cup-and-ring mark, Louro, [[Muros, A Coruña|Muros]], Galicia.
File:Touron petr.JPG|Deer and cup-and-ring motifs, Tourón, [[Ponte Caldelas]], Galicia.
File:Petroglyphs in Zalavruga, Belomorsk, Karelia, Russia 03.jpg|Petroglyphs in Zalavruga, Belomorsk, Karelia, Russia
</gallery>

==== England ====
* [[Boscawen-un]], [[St Buryan]]
* [[Cup and ring mark|Cup and ring marked rocks]] in:
** [[Northumberland]],
** [[County Durham]],
** [[Ilkley Moor]], [[Yorkshire]],
** [[Gardom's Edge]], [[Derbyshire]],
** [[Creswell Crags]], [[Nottingham]]

==== Finland ====
* Hauensuoli, [[Hanko, Finland|Hanko]], Finland

==== France ====

* [[Prehistoric rock engravings of the Fontainebleau Forest]]
* [[Vallée des merveilles|Vallée des Merveilles]], [[Mercantour National Park]], France
<gallery>
File:Vallée des Merveilles 103.jpg|The sorcerer, Vallée des Merveilles, France
File:Vallée des Merveilles 101.jpg|The tribe master, Vallée des Merveilles, France
</gallery>

==== Ireland ====
* [[Newgrange]]
* [[Knowth]]
* [[Dowth]]
* [[Loughcrew]]
* [[Hill of Tara|Tara]]
* [[Clonfinlough Stone]]
* [[Boheh Stone]]

==== Italy ====
* [[Rock Drawings in Valcamonica]] – [[World Heritage Site]], Italy (biggest European site, over 350,000)
* [[Bagnolo stele]], [[Valcamonica]], Italy
* [[Grotta del Genovese]], [[Sicily]], Italy
* [[Grotta dell'Addaura]], [[Sicily]], Italy
* [[Rock Engraving Park-Grosio|Rock Engravings in Grosio]] (in [[Valtellina]]), Italy
<gallery>
File:Parco Grosio La Rupe Magna.jpg|Grosio - Rupe Magna
File:Parco Grosio Rupe Magna 5.jpg|Grosio - Rupe Magna
File:Parco Grosio Rupe Magna 3.jpg|Grosio - Rupe Magna
</gallery>

==== [[Northern Ireland]] ====
* [[Knockmany]]
<gallery>
File:Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland left.jpg|Leftmost of three central stones, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
File:Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland centre.jpg|Central of three central stones, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
File:Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland right.JPG|A stone on the right of the passage, Knockmany Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
</gallery>
* [[Sess Kilgreen]]
<gallery>
File:Sess kilgreen 1.jpg|Sess Kilgreen Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
File:Sess kilgreen 2.jpg|Sess Kilgreen Chambered Tomb, Co. Tyrone
</gallery>

==== Norway ====
((See also|List of rock carvings in Norway))
* [[Rock carvings at Alta]], World Heritage Site (1985)
* [[Rock carvings in Central Norway]]
* [[Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen]]
* [[Rock carvings at Tennes]]

==== Portugal ====
* [[Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley]], Portugal
<gallery>
File:Rock Art Foz Coa 01.jpg|Various zoomorphic creatures, including in particular, a horse
File:Rock Art Foz Coa 03.jpg|Paleolithic rock engravings breaking the natural rock formation
File:Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of the Côa Valley - Penascosa - Bull @ 2011-08-06.jpg|Various zoomorphic creatures, including in particular, a Bull
</gallery>

==== Scotland ====
* [[Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume]], [[North Ayrshire]]
* [[Burghead Bull]], [[Burghead]]
* [[Townhead]], [[Galloway]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://rockartuk.wordpress.com/ |title=British Rock Art Blog &#124; A Forum about Prehistoric Rock Art in the British Islands |publisher=Rockartuk.wordpress.com |access-date=2013-08-18))</ref>
* [[Ballochmyle cup and ring marks]]

==== Spain ====
[[File:Ciervo cuernos.jpg|thumb|Millenarian rock carvings, ''Laxe dos carballos'' at [[Campo Lameiro]], this detail depicts a deer hit by several spears]]
* Petroglyphs from [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]
* Petroglyphs from the [[Canary Islands]] (Spain)
<ref>[http://celticland.com/?page_id=7 Photos] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301022539/http://celticland.com/?page_id=7 |date=2011-03-01 )). Celticland.com. (2007-08-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>

==== Russia ====
[[File:Петроглиф Бес, Бесов нос.jpg|thumb|Petroglyph Park near [[Petrozavodsk]]–[[Lake Onega]], Russia]]
[[File:Петроглифы Сикачи-Аляна 2.JPG|thumb|[[Mammoth]] on the basalt stone in [[Sikachi-Alyan]], Russia]]
[[File:Belomorsk petroglyphs00.jpg|thumb| White Sea petroglyphs, [[Republic of Karelia]], Russia]]
* [[White Sea petroglyphs]], [[Republic of Karelia]], Russia
* [[Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea|Petroglyph Park]] near [[Petrozavodsk]]–[[Lake Onega]], Russia
* [[Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum|Tomskaya Pisanitsa]]
* [[Kanozero Petroglyphs]]
* [[Sikachi-Alyan]], [[Khabarovsk Krai]]
* [[Kapova cave]], [[Bashkortostan]]
* [[Sunduki mountain range|Sunduki Petroglyphs]], Khakassia

==== Sweden ====
((div col))
* [[Rock Carvings in Tanum|Tanumshede]] ([[Bohuslän]]); World Heritage Site (1994)
* [[Himmelstalund]] (by [[Norrköping]] in [[Östergötland]])
* [[Enköping]] ([[Uppland]])
* [[Skåne|Southwest Skåne]] ([[Götaland]])
* [[Alvhem]] ([[Västra Götaland]])
* [[Torhamn]] ([[Blekinge]])
* [[Nämforsen]] ([[Ångermanland]])
* [[Häljesta]] ([[Västmanland]])
* [[Slagsta]] ([[Södermanland]])
* [[Glösa]] ([[Jämtland]])
* [[Gärde]] ([[Jämtland]])
* [[Flatruet]] ([[Härjedalen]])
* [[Grannberget]] ([[Härjedalen]])
* [[The King's Grave]] at Kivik
* [[Fäbodristning]] from [[Dalarna]]
* [[Norrforsen]] ([[Umeå]])<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.europreart.net/cgi-bin/baserun.cgi?_cfg=record.cfg&_fil=code%3D%22vaste065%22 |title=Umeå, Norrfors |publisher=Europreart.net |access-date=2013-08-18))</ref>
* [[Släbro rock carvings]] in [[Nyköping]] ([[Södermanland]])
((div col end))

==== Turkey ====
* Kagizman, [[Kars Province|Kars]]
* Cunni Cave, [[Erzurum Province|Erzurum]]
* Esatli, [[Ordu Province|Ordu]]
* Gevaruk Valley, [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]]
* Hakkari Trisin, [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]]
* Latmos / [[Beşparmak Mountains|Beşparmak]]
* Güdül, [[Ankara Province|Ankara]]

==== Ukraine ====
* [[Kamyana Mohyla]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]]
* [[Kurgan stelae]]

==== Wales ====
* [[Garn Turne]], [[Pembrokeshire]]

=== Central and South America and the Caribbean ===

==== Argentina ====
* [[Cueva de las Manos]], [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentina|Santa Cruz]]
* [[Talampaya National Park]], [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]]
* [[Lihué Calel National Park]], [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]]
<gallery>
File:Talampaya petroglyphs (1).jpg|[[Talampaya National Park]], [[La Rioja Province, Argentina]]
File:Petroglifo001.jpg|Petroglyph on Tunduqueral hill at [[Uspallata]], Argentina
</gallery>

==== Aruba ====
* [[Arikok National Park]]
* [[Quadiriki Caves]]
* [[Ayo Rock Formations]]

==== Brazil ====
The oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas is known as the "Horny Little Man." It is petroglyph depicting a stick figure with an oversized phallus and carved in [[Lapa do Santo]], a cave in central-eastern Brazil and dates from 12,000 to 9,000 years ago.<ref>Choi, Charles. [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/46488427 "Call this ancient rock carving 'little horny man'."] ''Science on NBC News.'' 22 Feb 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.</ref>
* [[Serra da Capivara National Park]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], [[Piauí]]
* [[Vale do Catimbau National Park]], [[Pernambuco]]
* [[Ingá Stone]], [[Paraíba]]
* [[Costao do Santinho]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]
* [[Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais|Lagoa Santa]] (Holy Lake), [[Minas Gerais]]
* Ivolandia, [[Goiás]]
<gallery>
File:Serra da Capivara - Painting 7.JPG|Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil

File:Ivolandia Rupestres 11.JPG|Ivolandia, Goiás, Brazil
File:Figuras rupestres, Costão do Santinho, Florianópolis 2.JPG|Costao do Santinho, SC, Brazil
</gallery>

==== Chile ====
* [[Rincón las Chilcas]], [[Combarbalá]]
* [[Easter Island#Petroglyphs|Easter Island petroglyphs]]
<gallery>
File:Settlers at La Silla.jpg|Numerous rocks boasting thousand-year-old carvings.<ref>((cite web|title=Settlers at La Silla|url=http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1723a/|website=www.eso.org|access-date=6 June 2017))</ref>
File:Llamas at La Silla.jpg|Llamas at La Silla<ref>((cite news|title=Llamas at La Silla|url=http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1417a/|access-date=29 April 2014|newspaper=ESO Picture of the Week))</ref>
File:Motu Nui.jpg|Petroglyphs at [[Orongo]], [[Rapa Nui]] (Easter Island). A [[Makemake (mythology)|Makemake]] and two [[Tangata Manu|birdmen]] higher up
</gallery>

==== Colombia ====
* [[El Abra]], [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]]
* [[Chiribiquete Natural National Park]]
<gallery>
File:Alb.jpg|[[El Abra]] archaeological site, [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]]
File:Chiribiquete petroglyph 1.jpg|Petroglyph in the [[Chiribiquete Natural National Park]]. (Possible [[equine]])
File:Chiribiquete petroglyph 2.jpg|Petroglyph in the [[Chiribiquete Natural National Park]]. Aboriginal.
File:Chiribiquete AJ11calabazos.JPG|Petroglyphs in the [[Chiribiquete Natural National Park]].
</gallery>

==== Costa Rica ====
* [[Rincon de la Vieja]], [[Guanacaste Province|Guanacaste]]

==== Dominican Republic ====
* [[Cueva de las Maravillas]], [[San Pedro de Macorís Province|San Pedro de Macorís]]
* [[Las Caritas]], near [[Lake Enriquillo]]
* [[Los Tres Ojos]], [[Santo Domingo Province|Santo Domingo]]

==== Grenada ====
* [[Mt. Rich Petroglyphs]]

==== Montserrat ====

* [[Soldier Ghaut petroglyphs]]

==== Nicaragua ====
* [[El Ceibo Museums#Petroglyphs|El Ceibo Petroglyphs]],<ref name="auto">((Cite web|url=https://ometepeislandinfo.com/El-Ceibo|title=Ometepe Island Info – El Ceibo|website=ometepeislandinfo.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-05))</ref> [[Ometepe]], [[Rivas, Nicaragua|Rivas]]
* [[Ometepe Island#Petroglyphs|Ometepe Petroglyphs]],<ref name="auto" /> [[Ometepe]], [[Rivas, Nicaragua|Rivas]]

==== Paraguay ====
[[File:Fertility symbols found in natural shelter in Amambay, Paraguay.jpeg|thumb|Fertility symbols, called "Ita Letra" by the local Panambi'y people, in a natural shelter in [[Amambay]], [[Paraguay]]]]
* [[Amambay Department]]

==== Peru ====
* [[Cumbe Mayo]], [[Cajamarca region|Cajamarca]]
* [[Pusharo|Petroglyphs of Pusharo]], [[Manú National Park]], [[Madre de Dios region]]
* [[Petroglyphs of Quiaca]], [[Puno Region]]
* [[Petroglyphs of Jinkiori]], [[Cusco Region]]

==== Saint Kitts and Nevis ====
* Carib Petroglyphs, [[Wingfield Manor Estate]], [[Saint Kitts]]

==== Suriname ====
* [[Corantijn Basin]]

==== Trinidad and Tobago ====
* [[c:File:Caurita Petroglyph.jpg|Caurita]] [[File:Caurita Petroglyph.jpg|thumb|The only known Amerindian petroglyph in Trinidad]]

==== Venezuela ====
* [[Caicara del Orinoco]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]]
* [[Morrocoy National Park]], [[Falcón]]
* Piedra Pintada Archeological Park within [[San Esteban National Park]], Guaraca, [[Carabobo]]
* Sardinata Beach, [[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonas]]
* [[Taima-Taima|Taima Taima]], [[Falcón]]

=== North America ===

==== Canada ====
* [[Kejimkujik National Park]], [[Nova Scotia]]
* [[Petroglyph Provincial Park]], [[Nanaimo]], [[British Columbia]]<ref>[http://www.britishcolumbia.com/ParksAndTrails/Parks/details/?ID=450 Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island BC] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040807163954/http://www.britishcolumbia.com/ParksAndTrails/Parks/details/?ID=450 |date=2004-08-07 )). Britishcolumbia.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
* [[Petroglyphs Provincial Park]], north of [[Peterborough, Ontario]]
* Agnes Lake, [[Quetico Provincial Park]], Ontario
* [[Sproat Lake Provincial Park]], near [[Port Alberni]], [[British Columbia]]
* [[Stuart Lake]], [[British Columbia]]
* [[Saint Victor, Saskatchewan|St. Victor Provincial Park]], [[Saskatchewan]]
* [[Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park]], east of [[Milk River, Alberta]]
* [[Gabriola Island]], British Columbia<ref>((cite web|url=http://gabriolamuseum.org/exhibits/petroglyph-park/,|title=Petroglyph Park - Gabriola Museum|website=gabriolamuseum.org|access-date=14 April 2018))</ref>
* East Sooke Regional Park, British Columbia
* Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre, [[Herschel, Saskatchewan|Herschel Saskatchewan]]
* [[Lake Temagami]], Ontario<ref>((cite web |author=Bill Steer |date=27 Jul 2016 |title=Petroglyphs - Temagami's Rare Works of Art |url=https://www.northernontario.travel/northeastern-ontario/petroglyphs-temagami-s-rare-works-of-art |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=Northern Ontario Travel))</ref>

==== Mexico ====
[[File:ParrasPetroglyphs.jpg|thumb|upright|Near [[Parras]], [[Coahuila]]]]
* [[Boca de Potrerillos]], [[Mina, Nuevo León]]
* [[Chiquihuitillos]], [[Mina, Nuevo León]]
* Cuenca del Río Victoria, near [[Xichú]], [[Guanajuato]]
* [[Coahuiltecan]] [[Cueva Ahumada]], [[Nuevo León]]
* [[La Proveedora]], [[Caborca]], [[Sonora]]
* [[Samalayuca Dune Fields|Samalayuca]], [[Ciudad Juárez|Juarez]], [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]
* [[Las Labradas (Sinaloa)|Las Labradas]], near [[Mazatlán]], [[Sinaloa]]

====United States====
((main list|List of petroglyphs in the United States))
[[File:Petroglyph on the western coast of Hawaii.jpg|thumb|Petroglyph on western coast of [[Hawaii]]]]
[[File:Hawaii petroglyph men.jpg|thumb|[[Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park]]]]
[[File:Petroglyph Point at Mesa Verde National Park by RO.JPG|right|thumb|alt=A color picture of some petroglyphs on a tan sandstone cliff face|Modern Hopi have interpreted the petroglyphs at [[Mesa Verde National Park]]'s Petroglyph Point as depictions of the Eagle, Mountain Sheep, Parrot, Horned Toad, and Mountain Lion clans, and the [[Ancestral Puebloans]] who inhabited the mesa]]
* [[Arches National Park]], [[Utah]]
* [[Bandelier National Monument]], [[New Mexico]]
* [[Barnesville Petroglyph]], [[Ohio]]
* Bloomington Petroglyph Park, Utah
* [[Capitol Reef National Park]], [[Utah]]
* [[Caguana Ceremonial Ball Courts Site|Caguana Indian Park]], [[Utuado, Puerto Rico|Utuado]], [[Puerto Rico]]
* [[Columbia Hills State Park]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<ref>((cite book
  | last = Keyser
  | first = James D.
  | title = Indian Rock Art of the Columbia Plateau
  | publisher = University of Washington Press
  | date = July 1992
  | isbn = 978-0-295-97160-5 ))</ref>
* [[Corn Springs]], [[Colorado Desert]], [[California]]
* [[Coso Rock Art District]], [[Coso Range]], northern [[Mojave Desert]], [[California]]<ref>Moore, Donald W. [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/mar/poi/feb_matmustour.html Petroglyph Canyon Tours]. Desertusa.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
* [[Death Valley National Park]], [[California]]
* [[Dinosaur National Monument]], [[Colorado]] and [[Utah]]
* [[Dighton Rock]], [[Massachusetts]]
* [[Dominguez Canyon Wilderness]], [[Colorado]]
* [[Fremont Indian State Park]] [[Utah]]
* [[Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park]] [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/File/7396|title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park))</ref>
* [[Grand Traverse Bay#Culture|Grand Traverse Bay]] [[Michigan]]
* [[Great Basin National Park]] [[Nevada]]
* Grimes Point, [[Nevada]]<ref>[http://www.americantrails.org/nationalrecreationtrails/blm/grimespoint-nv.html Grimes Point National Recreation Trail, Nevada BLM Archaeological Site] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206142144/http://www.americantrails.org/nationalrecreationtrails/blm/grimespoint-nv.html |date=2006-12-06 )). Americantrails.org (2012-01-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
* [[Independence Slab]], [[Ohio]]
* [[Inscription Rock (Kelleys Island, Ohio)]], [[Ohio]]
* [[Jeffers Petroglyphs]], [[Minnesota]]
* [[Judaculla Rock]], [[North Carolina]]
* [[Kanopolis State Park]], [[Kansas]]
* [[La Cueva del Indio]] (Indians Cave), [[Arecibo]], [[Puerto Rico]]
* La Piedra Escrita (The Written Rock), [[Jayuya, Puerto Rico]]
* [[Lava Beds National Monument]], [[Tule Lake, California]]
* [[Legend Rock|Legend Rock Petroglyph Site]], [[Thermopolis, Wyoming]]
* [[Lemonweir Glyphs]], [[Wisconsin]]
* [[Leo Petroglyph]], Leo, [[Ohio]]<ref>[http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/leopetro/ Museums & Historic Sites] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705161550/http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/leopetro/ |date=2007-07-05 )). ohiohistory.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
* [[Mammoth Cave National Park]], [[Kentucky]]
* [[Mesa Verde National Park]], Colorado
* [[Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument]], [[Utah]]
* [[Olympic National Park]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
* Paintlick Mountain, [[Tazewell County, Virginia|Tazewell]], [[Virginia]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.craborchardmuseum.com/Burke%27s%20Garden.htm#Paint_Lick_ |title=Paint Lick |publisher=Craborchardmuseum.com |access-date=2013-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226003313/http://www.craborchardmuseum.com/Burke%27s%20Garden.htm#Paint_Lick_ |archive-date=2007-12-26 ))</ref>
* [[Petit Jean State Park]], [[Arkansas]]
* [[Petrified Forest National Park]] [[Arizona]]
* [[Petroglyph National Monument]], New Mexico<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/petr/index.htm|title=Petroglyph National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)|work=nps.gov))</ref>
* [[Picacho Mountain, Picacho Arizona]]
* Picture Canyon, [[Flagstaff, Arizona]]
* [[Picture Rocks, Picture Rocks, Arizona]]
* [[Puye Cliff Dwellings]], [[New Mexico]]
* [[Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area]], [[Nevada]]
* [[Rochester Rock Art Panel]], [[Utah]]
* [[Ring Mountain (California)|Ring Mountain]], [[Marin County, California]]
* [[Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands]]
* [[Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park]], [[Sanilac County, Michigan]]
* [[Sedona]], [[Arizona]]
* Seminole Canyon, [[Texas]]
* [[Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area]], [[Nevada]]
* [[South Mountain Park]], [[Arizona]]
* [[The Cove Palisades State Park]], [[Oregon]]
* [[Three Rivers Petroglyphs]], [[New Mexico]]<ref>[http://www.nm.blm.gov/recreation/las_cruces/three_rivers.htm Three Rivers Petroglyph Site] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618113332/http://www.nm.blm.gov/recreation/las_cruces/three_rivers.htm |date=2007-06-18 )). Nm.blm.gov (2012-09-13). Retrieved on 2013-02-12.</ref>
* [[Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center|Tibes Indian Park]], [[Ponce, Puerto Rico]]
* [[Valley of Fire State Park]], [[Nevada]]
* [[Washington State Park]], [[Washington County, Missouri]]
* [[West Virginia glyphs]]
* [[White Mountain (Wyoming)]], [[Rock Springs, Wyoming]]
* [[White Tank Mountain Regional Park]], [[Waddell, Arizona]]
* [[Winnemucca Lake]], [[Nevada]]
* [[Writing Rock State Historical Site]], [[North Dakota]]
* [[Monolyth at Caguas & El Yunque]], [[Puerto Rico]]
* [[Track Rock]], Union County [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
* [[Forsyth Petroglyph]] Originally discovered, locates and documented near [[Cumming, Georgia]] in [[Forsyth County, Georgia|Forsyth County]] but has been relocated to the campus of the [[University of Georgia]] in [[Athens, Georgia]]
<gallery>
File:Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland-750px.jpg|Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland, eastern [[California]]
File:Petroglyph 2 tds.jpg|Southern [[Utah]]
File:Petroglyphs tds.jpg|Southern [[Utah]]
File:Petroglyphs in Bryce Canyon.jpg|[[Utah]]
File:Ute Petroglyphs in Arches National Park.jpg|[[Arches National Park]]
File:Tracks at Barnesville Petroglyph.JPG|Animal print carvings outside of [[Barnesville, Ohio]]
File:Petroglyph in Arizona 2007-01-20.jpg|Arizona
File:Picacho Petroglyph.jpg|Picacho Mountain Petroglyphs
File:Petroglyphs in the Columbia River Gorge.jpg|[[Columbia River Gorge]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
File:Upside down.jpg|Upside-down man in Western [[Colorado]]
File:RochesterPanel 01 2008.JPG|[[Rochester Rock Art Panel]] in the [[San Rafael Swell]] in [[Utah]]
File:Spiderweb petroglyph on the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains, Arizonia.jpg|Web-like petroglyph on the White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail, [[Arizona]]
File:Chipping petroglyph on Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains.jpg|Chipping petroglyph on the White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail, [[Arizona]]
File:Arizona petroglyph 1117.JPG|Sample of petroglyphs at Painted Rock near Gila Bend, Arizona off Interstate 8.
File:Puye 1.jpg|[[Puye Cliff Dwellings]], [[New Mexico]]
File:ThunderBird Rock Carved Petroglyph at Twin Buffs.jpg|[[Lemonweir Glyphs|ThunderBird Rock Carved Petroglyph in West Central Wisconsin]]
File:Sanilac Petroglyphs - Archer.jpg|Archer-like figure, [[Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park]], Sanilac County, Michigan
File:Sky Rock.jpg|Sky Rock Petroglyphs, Bishop, California.
File:Sky Rock paint.jpg|Sky Rock Petroglyphs, Bishop, California.
</gallery>

=== Oceania ===
==== Australia ====
* [[Arnhem Land]] / [[Kakadu National Park]], Northern Australia
* [[Kings Canyon Resort]] / [[Watarrka National Park]], Northern Australia
* [[Gosford Glyphs]] in [[Central Coast (New South Wales)|Central Coast]], NSW (widely regarded as [[archaeological forgery]])
* [[Murujuga]], [[Western Australia]] – world heritage assessed
* [[Sydney Rock Engravings]], New South Wales
<gallery>
File:Petroglyphmanandwoman.jpg|[[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]], New South Wales
File:Ku-ring-gai Chase - petroglyph.jpg|[[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]], New South Wales
File:Petroglyph - well endowed.JPG|[[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]], New South Wales
File:Mutawintji National Park Petroglyph.JPG|[[Mutawintji National Park]], New South Wales
File:Burrup rock art.JPG|[[Burrup Peninsula]], Western Australia
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Geoglyph]]
* [[History of communication]]
* [[List of Stone Age art]]
* [[Megalithic art]]
* [[Pecked curvilinear nucleated]]
* [[Petrosomatoglyph]]
* [[Runestone]] and [[image stone]]
* [[Water glyphs]]

== References ==
((Reflist))
* Harmanşah, Ömür (ed) (2014), ''Of Rocks and Water: An Archaeology of Place'', 2014, Oxbow Books, ((ISBN|1-78297-674-4)), 9781782976745
* [[Jessica Rawson|Rawson, Jessica]] (ed). ''The British Museum Book of Chinese Art'', 2007 (2nd edn), British Museum Press, ((ISBN|978-0-7141-2446-9))
* [[Laurence Sickman|Sickman, Laurence]], in: Sickman L. & Soper A., ''The Art and Architecture of China'', Pelican History of Art, 3rd ed 1971, Penguin (now Yale History of Art), LOC 70-125675

== Further reading ==
* Beckensall, Stan and Laurie, Tim, ''Prehistoric Rock Art of County Durham, Swaledale and Wensleydale'', County Durham Books, 1998 ((ISBN|1-897585-45-4))
* Beckensall, Stan, ''Prehistoric Rock Art in Northumberland'', Tempus Publishing, 2001 ((ISBN|0-7524-1945-5))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Petroglyphs))
* [http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/rockart.html Rock Art Studies: A Bibliographic Database] Bancroft Library's citations to rock art literature.

((Prehistoric technology| state=expanded))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Petroglyphs| ]]
[[Category:Rock art]]

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