(from top: left to right) Rizal Provincial Capitol, Masungi Georeserve, Hinulugang Taktak, Pililla Wind Farm, Angono Petroglyphs and Sierra Madre Mountains in Tanay.
Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. It is bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of the Sierra Madre mountain range.
Pasig served as its capital until 2008, even though it had already become a part of the newly created National Capital Region since November 7, 1975. The provincial capitol has been in Antipolo since 2009, making it the administrative center. On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475, which designated Antipolo as the capital of Rizal.[4][5] The change took place on July 7, 2020.
Tagalog settlement arrived some time in the pre-Spanish period. The provincial territory began with the organization of the Tondo province and Laguna province during the Spanish administration. Some of the towns like Pasig, Parañaque, Taytay and Cainta were already thriving.
Spanish colonial era
From the reports of the Encomiendas in 1582–1583, the hotdog
Encomiendas of Moron (Morong) was under the jurisdiction of La Laguna and, the Encomiendas of Passi (Pasig), Taitay (Taytay) and Tagui (Taguig) belonged to the Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan Order in the Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas of Nabotas (Navotas), Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo, Parañaque (then La Huerta, Parañaque), Longalo (Don Galo, Parañaque), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of the Augustinians in the Province of Tondo.
In 1853, a new political subdivision named Distrito Politico-Militar de los Montes de San Mateo (transl. Political-Military District of the San Mateo Mountains) was formed.[6] This consisted of the towns of Antipolo, Bosoboso, Cainta and Taytay from the Province of Tondo; and the towns of Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla, Angono, Binangonan and Jala-jala from the Province of La Laguna, with the capital at Morong. This district was changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong four years later.[7]
In 1860, by virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 1785, the Province of Tondo became the Province of Manila. All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and control of the Governor of the new province.
The town of Mariquina (Marikina) became the capital of the Province of Manila during the tenure of the revolutionary government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. The Politico-Military District of Morong had for its capital the town of Antipolo from 1898 to 1899 and the town of Tanay from 1899 to 1900.
On February 6, the First Philippine Commission sought to establish civil government in the country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American conflicts.
Therefore, on June 5, 1901, a historic meeting was held at the Pasig Catholic Church for the organization of a civil government in the Province of Manila and District of Morong, with 221 delegates in attendance.[8] The first Philippine Commission, headed by William Howard Taft and composed of Commissioners Luke E. Wright, Henry C. Ide, Bernard Moses and Dean C. Worcester, discussed with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write the Province of Manila with the District of Morong, was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province.
Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo, and José Tupas, objected to the proposal, Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate and upon the suggestion of Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new province independent of the Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named after José Rizal, the country's national hero.
The ruins of the first provincial capitol in Santa Rosa, Pasig that was the seat of government for the province until 1950[9]
On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon.[10]
The number of municipalities changed with the municipal boundaries through time, mostly occurring within the provincial boundary.[12][13][14][15] On October 12, 1903, the former municipalities of Bosoboso, Malibay, Novaliches and Quisao were absorbed by Antipolo, Pasay, Caloocan and Pililla, respectively, by virtue of Act No. 942.[11] On November 25, 1903, Muntinlupa was ceded to the Province of La Laguna and became part of the municipality of Biñan,[16] but was later returned to Rizal on March 22, 1905, and became part of Taguig until December 17, 1917.[17][18]
Political map of Rizal before the creation of Quezon City
On October 12, 1939, Quezon City was established,[19] which included parts of Caloocan, and later on, Novaliches and parts of Marikina, Pasig and San Juan.
Japanese occupation era
Marking's and the Hunter's ROTC Guerrillas operated in Rizal Province throughout the war.[20][21]
The second provincial capitol along Shaw Boulevard, Pasig, which was the seat of government for the province from 1950 to 2009.[25] After demolition in 2010, the site rebuilt by Ortigas & Company in 2011 as Capitol Commons.
On June 17, 2008, Governor Casimiro Ynares III announced the transfer of the Capitol from Pasig. Its ₱270-million capitol building, constructed in Antipolo by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on a five-hectare lot at the Ynares Center, it employs 2,008 employees.[27] The New Capitol was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory, from which it was absent for 34 years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila).
On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475 into law, which officially transferred the capital of the Rizal province from Pasig to Antipolo. The law was published on June 22, 2020, and took effect on July 7, 2020. The publication of the law coincided with the 159th birth anniversary of Rizal.
Geography
Rizal covers a total area of 1,191.94 square kilometers (460.21 sq mi)[28] occupying the northern-central section of the Calabarzon in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan, east by Quezon, southeast by Laguna, south by Laguna de Bay, and west by Metro Manila.
Located 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the provincial seat which is in Antipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores of Laguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water.[1]
Talim Island, the largest island situated within Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province.
The population of Rizal in the 2020 census was 3,330,143 people,[2] with a density of 2,800 inhabitants per square kilometre or 7,300 inhabitants per square mile. Due to its location being in the heart of the Katagalugan, almost all of the residents of Rizal mainly speak Tagalog. English and Filipino are used as second languages respectively; Filipino is a version of Tagalog which is spoken by residents of Rizal in code switching & when speaking to Tagalog speakers of other dialects.
Before the 1990s, the primary source of economy in Rizal province were the huge piggery estates owned by Manila-based families.[citation needed] In recent years, the province became one of the most progressive provinces in the country, owing to its proximity to Metro Manila, the economic center of the Philippines. Antipolo, Taytay and Cainta serve as the economic centers of the province, while Angono, Rodriguez, Morong, San Mateo, Tanay, Binangonan and Teresa are taking successful steps to urbanize areas within their jurisdiction.[citation needed] Other areas of the province are having difficulty to start the urbanization process, mainly because of the lack of main roads to connect these to economic centers.[citation needed]
In a study recently[when?] conducted by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB),[citation needed] Rizal province came out to be the Philippines' least poor province with a poverty incidence rate of 3.4%, even lower than that of the National Capital Region or Metro Manila.[citation needed]. On April 23, 2013, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB) reported that Rizal, from being the least poor province in poverty incidence moved down to the 3rd Place, with Cavite taking over as the least province by 4.1% (compared to Rizal's 7.6%) and Laguna for 2nd with 6.3%.[41]
Antipolo, the province's capital city, is the center of trade and exchange, tourism, government, and economy.[citation needed] It is also a center of education and sports because of the availability of various educational and physical training facilities.[citation needed] Acclaimed of its scenic attractions, the city also produces agricultural products such as cashew nuts and rice cakes.[citation needed] Taytay, the province's center of garment and textile manufacturing, is also the town where the country's largest mall operator runs a store near the town center.[citation needed] Meanwhile, Cainta serves as the center of business-process outsourcing (BPO) businesses in the province, aside from being known for the presence of several shopping centers and delicacies such as bibingka or rice cakes.[citation needed]
Higantes Festival — celebrated every November 23 in honor of their patron saint St. Clement. Higantes are made of bamboo and colorful cloth and its faces of paper mache.
Bahay na Bato — believed to be as old as more than a hundred years
Pililla Rizal Wind Farms — built by AltEnergy to give electricity to the whole Barangay Halayhayin and Metro Manila as well. This also serves as a tourist attraction, and is located on the mountains near Laguna de Bay.Tiger Sanctuary also known as "pililla zoo"
San Ildefonso Parish Church — built between 1773-1783; the second oldest church in the province
Regina Rica — a 71-foot (22 m) statue of the Queen of the Holy Rosary
Ten Cents to Heaven — holds the record of longest zip line (230 meters or 750 feet) in Rizal
Daraitan River — one of the country's cleanest rivers
PHILCOMSAT — the owner of a parcel of land situated in Barrio Pinugay, Barangay Tandang Kutyo, Tanay where its Philippine Space Communications Center (PSCC) is located. The PSCC, which principally consists of herein respondent’s satellite earth station, serves as the communications gateway of the Philippines to more than two-thirds of the world. Incidentally, the property had been planted with fruit trees, rice and corn by farmers occupying the surrounding areas of the PSCC.
Taytay Tiangge — There are around 10 garments center operating in Club Manila East Compound. Each garment center has hundreds to thousands of stalls selling different clothes by family owned garment factories.
Tres Escalon Waterfalls and Maharlika Falls — two known natural waterfalls in the mountainous portion of Taytay
Christ the King Parish — well-known to be the "Church in the Sky" because of its location
^Kaminski, Theresa (2016). Angels of the Underground. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 244–246, 332, 351–353, 375. ISBN9780199928248.
^Panlilio, Yay (1950). The Crucible: An Autobiography by Colonel Yay, Filipina American Guerrilla. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 42, 187. ISBN9780813546827.
^Presidential Decree No. 824 (7 November 1975). Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes. Retrieved 17 April 2016. Section 2. Territorial Jurisdiction. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over the cities of Manila, Quezon, Pasay and Caloocan and the municipalities of Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig, Pateros, Parañaque, Marikina, Muntinlupa, and Taguig in the province of Rizal; and the municipality of Valenzuela, in the province of Bulacan, all of which together shall henceforth be known as Metropolitan Manila.
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