Bikol | |
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Geographic distribution | Bicol Region |
Linguistic classification | Austronesian
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Proto-language | Proto-Bikol |
Subdivisions | |
ISO 639-2 / 5 | bik |
ISO 639-3 | bik |
Glottolog | biko1240 |
![]() Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue
Bikol proper
Bisayan languages in the Bikol region |
The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern part of Luzon, the neighboring island-province of Catanduanes, and the island of Burias in Masbate.
Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows:
Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.[1]
Bikol |
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While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.[2]
Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *ə. However, Proto-Austronesian *ə is realized as /o/ in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆),[3][4] and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.[5]
Northern Coastal |
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Southern Coastal-Inland |
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Northern Catanduanes |
Batanic (Bashiic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Northern Luzon |
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Central Luzon |
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Northern Mindoro | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greater Central Philippine |
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Kalamian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sangiric | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minahasan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other branches |
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Reconstructed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Official languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Regional languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indigenous languages (by region) |
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Immigrant languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sign languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical languages |