Uma
Pipikoro
Native toIndonesia
RegionSulawesi
Native speakers
(20,000 cited 1990)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ppk
Glottologumaa1242
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant inventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palato-
(alveolar) 		Retroflex Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d dʒ g
prenasalized ᵐp ⁿt ⁿtʃ ᵑk
Fricative β s h
Trill r
Approximant l j (ɭ)

Notes:

Orthographic notes:

Vowels

Vowel inventory
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-Mid e o
Open a

Pronouns

Pronominals
  Free ABS ERG GEN
1P (SG) akuʔ   -a   ku-   -ku  
1P (PL.ex) kaiʔ   -kai   ki-   -kai  
1P (PL.in) kitaʔ   -ta   ta-   -ta  
2P (SG) iko   -ko   nu-   -nu  
2P (PL) koiʔ   -koi   ni-   -ni  
3P (SG) hiʔa   -i   na-   -na  
3P (PL) hiraʔ   -ra   ra-   -ra  

Notes:[2]

Numerals

The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:

  1. isaʔ
  2. dua
  3. tolu
  4. opoʔ
  5. lima
  6. ono
  7. pitu
  8. walu
  9. sio
  10. hampuluʔ

Classification of Uma varieties

Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.

Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma,[3] noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.

Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.

References

  1. ^ Uma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b Martens 1988a, p. 168
  3. ^ Martens, Michael P. (2014), Uma Dialect Word Lists, Sulawesi Language Alliance, pp. 1–2

Bibliography

  • Martens, Michael (1988a). "Notes on Uma Verbs". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.). Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 4. Pacific Linguistics Series A – No. 79. Canberra: The Australian National University. pp. 167–237. doi:10.15144/PL-A79.167. hdl:1885/145108. ISBN 0-85883-3832.
  • Martens, Martha A.; Martens, Michael P. (1988). "Some Notes on the Inelegant Glottal: A Problem in Uma Phonology". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.). Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 4. Pacific Linguistics Series A – No. 79. Canberra: The Australian National University. pp. 279–281. doi:10.15144/PL-A79.279. hdl:1885/145108. ISBN 0-85883-3832.
Categories