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((Short description|1877–1964 U.S. Democratic voting bloc))
((For|the play titled Solid South|Lawton Campbell))
((Refimprove|date=October 2021))
((Infobox political party
| name             = Solid South (Southern bloc)
| colorcode        = #1860db
| foundation       = [[Compromise of 1877|1877]]
| ideology         = [[Racial segregation in the United States|Segregationism]]<br>[[White supremacy]]<br>[[States' rights]]
| dissolved        = [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]]
| predecessor      = [[Redeemers]]
| successor        = [[Dixiecrats]] ([[1948 United States presidential election|1948]])
| national         = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]
))

[[File:DemocraticSolidSouth 1876-1964.png|thumb|Arkansas voted Democratic in all 23 presidential elections from 1876 through 1964; other states were not quite as solid but generally supported Democrats for president.]]

The '''Solid South''' or the '''Southern bloc''' was the electoral voting bloc of the states of the [[Southern United States]] for issues that were regarded as particularly important to the interests of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] in those states. The Southern bloc existed between the end of the [[Reconstruction era]] in 1877 and the passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]]. During this period, the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] overwhelmingly controlled southern state legislatures, and most local, state and federal officeholders in the South were Democrats. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, [[Southern Democrats]] [[Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era|disenfranchised blacks]] in all Southern states, along with a few non-Southern states doing the same as well. This resulted essentially in a [[Dominant-party system|one-party system]], in which a candidate's victory in Democratic [[primary election]]s was [[tantamount to election]] to the office itself. [[White primaries]] were another means that the Democrats used to consolidate their political power, excluding blacks from voting in primaries.<ref>Dewey W. Grantham, ''The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History'' (1992).</ref>

The "Solid South" is a loose term referring to the states that made up the voting bloc at any point in time. The Southern region, as currently defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]], comprises sixteen states: [[Alabama]], [[Arkansas]], [[Delaware]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Kentucky]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maryland]], [[Mississippi]], [[North Carolina]], [[Oklahoma]], [[South Carolina]], [[Tennessee]], [[Texas]], [[Virginia]], and [[West Virginia]], plus Washington, D.C.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf|title=US Census Region Map))</ref> The idea of the Solid South shifted over time and did not always necessarily correspond to the census definition.

After [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]], all the former slave states were dominated by the Democratic Party for at least two decades. Delaware, one of the slaveholding [[Border states (American Civil War)|border states]] that had remained in the Union during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], was considered a reliable state for the Democratic Party,<ref>((Cite book|last=Jordan|first=David M.|title=Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=1988|pages=305))</ref> as was Missouri, classified as a Midwestern state by the U.S. Census Bureau. From the early part of the 20th century on, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and West Virginia ceased to be reliably Democratic (although West Virginia once again became a reliably Democratic state with the New Deal era).

==Background==
[[File:USA Map 1864 including Civil War Divisions.png|right|thumb|300px|United States during the Civil War. Blue represents [[Slave states and free states|free]] [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] states, including those admitted during the war; light blue represents southern [[Border states (American Civil War)|border states]] and Missouri and Kentucky had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments; red represents [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] states. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War]]

At the start of the [[American Civil War]], there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were [[slave state]]s. Slavery was also legal in the [[District of Columbia]]. Eleven of these slave states plus an additional two claimed by the Confederacy seceded from the United States to form the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]: [[South Carolina]], [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], [[Texas]], [[Virginia]], [[Arkansas]], [[Tennessee]], and [[North Carolina]]. The southern slave states that stayed in the Union were [[Maryland]], [[Missouri]], [[Delaware]], and [[Kentucky]], and they were referred to as the [[Border states (American Civil War)|border states]]. Kentucky and Missouri both had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments with the [[Confederate government of Kentucky]] and [[Confederate government of Missouri]]. The Confederacy controlled more than half of Kentucky and the southern portion of Missouri early in the war but largely lost control in both states after 1862. In 1861, [[West Virginia]] was created out of Virginia, and admitted in 1863 and considered a border state though was highly contested by the Confederacy.

By the time the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] was made in 1863, Tennessee was already under Union control. Accordingly, the Proclamation applied only to the 10 remaining Confederate states. Some of the border states abolished slavery before the end of the Civil War—Maryland in 1864,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html |title=Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864 |date=November 1, 1864 | access-date=2012-11-18))</ref> Missouri in 1865,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery |title=Missouri abolishes slavery |date=January 11, 1865 |access-date=2012-11-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132518/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/event/missouri-abolishes-slavery |archive-date=April 25, 2012 ))</ref> one of the Confederate states, Tennessee in 1865,<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/01/15/news/tennessee-state-convention-slavery-declared-forever-abolished-parson-brownlow.html |title=Tennessee State Convention: Slavery Declared Forever Abolished |publisher=NY Times |date=January 14, 1865 | access-date=2012-11-18))</ref> West Virginia in 1865,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/thisdayinwvhistory/february.html |title=On this day: 1865-FEB-03 | access-date=2012-11-18))</ref> and the District of Columbia in 1862. However, slavery persisted in Delaware,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.slavenorth.com/delaware.htm |title=Slavery in Delaware | access-date=2012-11-18))</ref> Kentucky,<ref>((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdTIIEZ1k2QC&pg=PA174 |title=A new history of Kentucky |author=Lowell Hayes Harrison and James C. Klotter |year=1997 |page=180|publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0813126210 )) In 1866, Kentucky refused to ratify the 13th Amendment. It did ratify it in 1976.</ref> and 10 of the 11 former Confederate states, until the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] abolished slavery throughout the United States on December 18, 1865.

Democratic dominance of the South originated in the struggle of white Southerners during and after [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] (1865–1877) to reestablish [[white supremacy]] and disenfranchise black people. The U.S. government under the Republican Party had defeated the Confederacy, abolished slavery, and enfranchised black people. In several states, black voters were a majority or close to it. Republicans supported by black people controlled state governments in these states. Thus the Democratic Party became the vehicle for the white supremacist "Redeemers". The [[Ku Klux Klan]], as well as other insurgent [[paramilitary]] groups such as the [[White League]] and [[Red Shirts (United States)|Red Shirts]] from 1874, acted as "the military arm of the Democratic party" to disrupt Republican organizing, and intimidate and suppress black voters.<ref>George C. Rable, ''But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction'' (1984), p. 132</ref>

==History==

===1870s to 1910s===
By 1876, "[[Redeemers|Redeemer]]" Democrats had taken control of all state governments in the South. From then until the 1960s, state and local government in the South was almost entirely monopolized by Democrats. The Democrats elected all but a handful of U.S. Representatives and Senators, and Democratic presidential candidates regularly swept the region – from 1880 through 1944, winning a cumulative total of 182 of 187 states. The Democrats reinforced the loyalty of white voters by emphasizing the suffering of the South during the war at the hands of "Yankee invaders" under Republican leadership, and the noble service of their white forefathers in "[[Lost Cause of the Confederacy|the Lost Cause".]] This rhetoric was effective with many Southerners. However, this propaganda was totally ineffective in areas that had been loyal to the Union during the war, such as eastern Tennessee. Most of East Tennessee welcomed U.S. troops as liberators, and voted Republican even in the Solid South period.<ref>Gordon B. McKinney, ''Southern Mountain Republicans, 1865–1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community'' (1998)</ref>

[[File:Solid South 1880 to 1912.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The "Solid South" from 1880–1912.]]

Even after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures, some black candidates were elected to local offices and state legislatures in the South. Black U.S. Representatives were elected from the South as late as the 1890s, usually from overwhelmingly black areas. Also in the 1890s, the [[People's Party (United States)|Populists]] developed a following in the South, among [[poor white]] people who resented the Democratic Party establishment. Populists formed alliances with Republicans (including black Republicans) and challenged the Democratic [[Political boss|bosses]], even defeating them in some cases.<ref>C. Van Woodward, ''The Origins of the New South, 1877–1913'' (1951) pp 235–90</ref>

To prevent such coalitions in the future and to end the violence associated with suppressing the black vote during elections, Southern Democrats acted to disfranchise both black people and poor white people. From 1890 to 1910, beginning with Mississippi, Southern states adopted new constitutions and other laws including various devices to restrict voter registration, disfranchising virtually all black and many poor white residents.<ref name="valelly146-147">((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4__EYITWk4C&pg=PA128|title=The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement|first=Richard M.|last=Valelly|date=October 2, 2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226845272 |via=Google Books))</ref> These devices applied to all citizens; in practice they disfranchised most black citizens and also "would remove [from voter registration rolls] the less educated, less organized, more impoverished whites as well – and that would ensure one-party Democratic rules through most of the 20th century in the South".<ref name="p10">[https://ssrn.com/abstract=224731 Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon"], ''Constitutional Commentary'', Vol.17, 2000, p.10, Accessed 10 Mar 2008</ref><ref name="Glenn Feldman 2004, pp. 135–136">Glenn Feldman, ''The Disenfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama'', Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004, pp. 135–136</ref> All the Southern states adopted provisions that restricted voter registration and suffrage, including new requirements for [[poll tax (United States)|poll taxes]], longer residency, and subjective [[literacy tests]]. Some also used the device of [[grandfather clause]]s, exempting voters who had a grandfather voting by a particular year (usually before the Civil War, when black people could not vote.)<ref name="Michael Perman 2001">Michael Perman.''Struggle for Mastery: Disenfranchisement (sic) in the South, 1888–1908'' (2001), Introduction</ref>

White Democrats also opposed Republican economic policies such as the high tariff and the [[gold standard]], both of which were seen as benefiting Northern industrial interests at the expense of the agrarian South in the 19th century. Nevertheless, holding all political power was at the heart of their resistance. From 1876 through 1944, the national Democratic party opposed any calls for civil rights for black people. In Congress Southern Democrats blocked such efforts whenever Republicans targeted the issue.<ref>Jeffery A. Jenkins,  Justin Peck, and Vesla M. Weaver. "Between Reconstructions: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1891–1940." ''Studies in American Political Development'' 24#1 (2010): 57–89. [http://faculty.virginia.edu/jajenkins/race_SAPD.pdf online]</ref>

White Democrats passed "[[Jim Crow]]" laws which reinforced [[white supremacy]] through [[racial segregation]].<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4172453 Connie Rice: Top 10 Election Myths to Get Rid Of : NPR<!-- Bot generated title -->] The situation in Louisiana was an example—see [[Murphy J. Foster#John N. Pharr|John N. Pharr]], [[Regular Democratic Organization#Reconstruction and aftermath]], and the note to [[List of Governors of Louisiana#Resumption of U.S. Statehood|Murphy J. Foster]] (who served as [[Governor (Louisiana)|governor of Louisiana]] from 1892 to 1900).</ref> The [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]] provided for apportionment of representation in Congress to be reduced if a state disenfranchised part of its population. However, this clause was never applied to Southern states that disenfranchised black residents. No black candidate was elected to any office in the South for decades after the turn of the century; and they were also excluded from juries and other participation in civil life.<ref name="valelly146-147"/>

===Electoral dominance===
Democratic candidates won by large margins in a majority of Southern states in every presidential election from [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]] to [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]], except for [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]], when the Democratic candidate was [[Al Smith]], a Catholic New Yorker; and even in that election, the divided South provided Smith with nearly three-fourths of his electoral votes. Scholar Richard Valelly credited [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s 1912 election to the disfranchisement of black people in the South, and also noted far-reaching effects in Congress, where the Democratic South gained "about 25 extra seats in Congress for each decade between 1903 and 1953".((efn|Despite the South's excessive representation relative to voting population, the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] ''did'' cause [[Mississippi's congressional districts|Mississippi]] to lose Congressional districts following the [[1930 United States Census|1930]] and [[1950 United States Census|1950 Censuses]], whilst [[South Carolina's congressional districts|South Carolina]] and [[Alabama's congressional districts|Alabama]] also lost Congressional seats after the former Census and [[Arkansas's congressional districts|Arkansas]] following the latter. ))<ref name="valelly146-147"/>

In the [[Deep South]] (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana), Democratic dominance was overwhelming, with Democrats routinely receiving 80%–90% of the vote, and only a tiny number of Republicans holding state legislative seats or local offices. Mississippi and South Carolina were the most extreme cases – between [[1900 United States presidential election|1900]] and [[1944 United States presidential election|1944]], only in 1928, when the three subcoastal Mississippi counties of [[Pearl River County, Mississippi|Pearl River]], [[Stone County, Mississippi|Stone]] and [[George County, Mississippi|George]] went for Hoover, did the Democrats lose even one of these two states' counties in any presidential election.<ref>[http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1900.htm Presidential election of 1900 – Map by Counties] (and subsequent years)</ref> In the remaining states, the [[German-American]] [[list of Texas counties|Texas counties]] of [[Gillespie County, Texas|Gillespie]] and [[Kendall County, Texas|Kendall]], and a number of counties in [[Appalachia]]n parts of Alabama and Georgia, would vote Republican in presidential elections through this period.<ref name="How">Sullivan, Robert David; [http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’]; ''America Magazine'' in ''The National Catholic Review''; June 29, 2016</ref> In the [[Upland South|Upper South]] (Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Virginia), Republicans retained a significant presence mainly in these remote Appalachian and Ozark regions which supported the Union during the Civil War,<ref name="How"/> even winning occasional governorships and often drawing over 40% in presidential votes.

===1920s onwards===
By the 1920s, as memories of the Civil War faded, the Solid South cracked slightly. For instance, a Republican was elected U.S. Representative from Texas in 1920, serving until 1932. The Republican national landslides in 1920 and 1928 had some effects. In the 1920 elections, Tennessee elected a Republican governor and five out of 10 Republican U.S. Representatives, and became the first former Confederate state to vote for a Republican candidate for U.S. President since Reconstruction. However, with the Democratic national landslide of 1932, the South again became solidly Democratic.

In the 1930s, black voters outside the South largely switched to the Democrats, and other groups with an interest in civil rights (notably Jews, Catholics, and academic intellectuals) became more powerful in the party. This led to the national Democrats [[1948 Democratic National Convention|adopting a civil rights plank in 1948]]. In response, a faction of Deep South Democrats ran their own segregationist "[[Dixiecrat]]" presidential ticket, which carried four states: South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.<ref>Kari A. Frederickson, ''The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968'' (2001).</ref> Even before then, a number of conservative Southern Democrats felt chagrin at the national party's growing friendliness to organized labor during the [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] administration, and began splitting their tickets as early as the 1930s.

Southern demography also began to change. From 1910 through 1970, about 6.5 million black Southerners moved to urban areas in other parts of the country in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]], and demographics began to change Southern states in other ways. Florida began to expand rapidly, with retirees and other migrants from other regions becoming a majority of the population. Many of these new residents brought their Republican voting habits with them, diluting traditional Southern hostility to the Republicans. The Republican Party began to make gains in the South, building on other cultural conflicts as well. By the mid-1960s, changes had come in many of the southern states. Former Dixiecrat Senator [[Strom Thurmond]] of South Carolina changed parties in 1964; Texas elected a Republican Senator in 1961; Florida and Arkansas elected Republican governors in 1966. In the Upper South, where Republicans had always been a small presence, Republicans gained a few seats in the House and Senate.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the South was still overwhelmingly Democratic at the state level, with majorities in all state legislatures and most U.S. House delegations. Over the next thirty years, this gradually changed. Veteran Democratic officeholders retired or died, and older voters who were still rigidly Democratic also died off. There were also increasing numbers of migrants from other areas, especially in Florida, Texas, Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. As part of the [[Republican Revolution]] in the [[1994 United States House of Representatives elections|1994 elections]], Republicans captured a majority of the U.S. House's southern seats for the first time. As of 2021, they account for a majority of each Southern state's House delegation apart from Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. 

Following the 2016 elections, when Republicans won the [[Kentucky House of Representatives]], every state legislative chamber in the South had a Republican majority for the first time ever.<ref>((Cite web | url=https://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/what-election-2016-meant-for-the-states.aspx |title = Moving Ahead: What Election 2016 Meant for State Legislatures))</ref> This would remain the case until Democrats regained both Houses of the [[Virginia Legislature]] in [[2019 Virginia elections|2019]]. 

Today, the South is considered a Republican stronghold at the state and federal levels. Some political experts identify a re-[[Southernization (US)|Southernization]] of politics and culture in the Clinton presidency coinciding with House and Senate leading positions held by southerners.

===West Virginia===
For [[West Virginia]], "[[Reconstruction Era|reconstruction]], in a sense, began in 1861".<ref>Foner, Eric, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'', Harper Collins, 2002, p. 38</ref> Unlike the other [[Border States (American Civil War)|border states]], West Virginia did not send the majority of its soldiers to the Union.<ref>Snell, Mark A., ''West Virginia and the Civil War''. History Press, 2011, p. 28</ref> The prospect of those returning ex-Confederates prompted the Wheeling state government to implement laws that restricted their right of suffrage, practicing law and teaching, access to the legal system, and subjected them to "war trespass" lawsuits.<ref>Bastress, Robert M., ''The West Virginia State Constitution'', Oxford Univ. Press, 2011, p. 21</ref> The lifting of these restrictions in 1871 resulted in the election of [[John J. Jacob (West Virginia politician)|John J. Jacob]], a Democrat, to the governorship. It also led to the rejection of the war-time constitution by public vote and a new constitution written under the leadership of ex-Confederates such as [[Samuel Price]], [[Allen T. Caperton]] and [[Charles James Faulkner]]. In 1876 the state Democratic ticket of eight candidates were all elected, seven of whom were Confederate veterans.<ref>Ambler, Charles Henry, ''A History of West Virginia'', Prentice-Hall, 1937, p. 376.</ref> For nearly a generation West Virginia was part of the Solid South.<ref>Williams, John Alexander, ''West Virginia, a History'', W. W. Norton, 1984, p. 94</ref><ref>Herbert, Hilary Abner ''Why the Solid South? Or, Reconstruction and Its Results'', R. H. Woodward, 1890, pp. 258–284</ref>

However, Republicans returned to power in 1896, controlling the governorship for eight of the next nine terms, and electing 82 of 106 U.S. Representatives. In 1932, as the nation swung to the Democrats, West Virginia became solidly Democratic. It was perhaps the most reliably Democratic state in the nation between 1932 and 1996, being one of just two states (along with Minnesota) to vote for a Republican president as few as three times in that interval. Moreover, unlike Minnesota (or other nearly as reliably Democratic states like Massachusetts and Rhode Island), it usually had a unanimous (or nearly unanimous) [[United States congressional delegations from West Virginia|congressional delegation]] and only elected two Republicans as governor (albeit for a combined 20 years between them). West Virginian voters shifted toward the Republican Party from 2000 onward, as the Democratic Party became more strongly identified with [[environmentalism|environmental policies]] anathema to the state's [[coal]] industry and with [[liberalism|socially liberal policies]], and it can now be called a solidly red state.<ref name="RoadtoRed">((cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2013/10/26/a-blue-states-road-to-red/ | title=A Blue State's Road to Red | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=26 October 2013 | access-date=24 July 2016 | author=Tumulty, Karen))</ref><ref name="GoodbyeWV">((cite web | url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/10/republicans_are_turning_west_virginia_red_how_the_democrats_lost_control.html | title=Goodbye West Virginia | publisher=Slate | date=29 October 2014 | access-date=24 July 2016 | author=Woodruff, Betsy))</ref>

==Presidential voting==
[[File:McCutcheonMysteriousStrange.jpg|thumb|200px|Missouri goes for Republican [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in the [[1904 United States presidential election|1904 election]]. (Cartoon by [[John T. McCutcheon]].)]]

The [[1896 United States presidential election|1896 election]] resulted in the first break in the Solid South. Florida politician [[Marion L. Dawson]], writing in the ''[[North American Review]]'', observed: "The victorious party not only held in line those States which are usually relied upon to give Republican majorities&nbsp;... More significant still, it invaded the Solid South, and bore off West Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky; caused North Carolina to tremble in the balance and reduced Democratic majorities in the following States: Alabama, 39,000; Arkansas, 29,000; Florida, 6,000; Georgia, 49,000; Louisiana, 33,000; South Carolina, 6,000; and Texas, 29,000. These facts, taken together with [[1894 United States House of Representatives elections|the great landslide of 1894]] and 1895, which swept Missouri and Tennessee, Maryland and Kentucky over into the country of the enemy, have caused Southern statesmen to seriously consider whether the so-called Solid South is not now a thing of past history".<ref>Dawson, Marion L.,''Will the South Be Solid Again?'', The North American Review, Volume 164, 1897, pp. 193–198 [https://archive.org/stream/jstor-25150943/25150943#page/n1/mode/2up]</ref> The South stayed mostly a single bloc until the 1960s, with a brief break in the 1920s, however. 

In the [[1904 United States presidential election|1904 election]], Missouri supported Republican Theodore Roosevelt, while Maryland awarded its electors to Democrat [[Alton B. Parker|Alton Parker]], despite Roosevelt's winning by 51 votes.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc2200/sc2221/000031/000000/html/00000001.html|title=Too Close to Call: Presidential Electors and Elections in Maryland featuring the Presidential Election of 1904|website=msa.maryland.gov))</ref> By the [[1916 United States presidential election|1916 election]], disfranchisement of blacks and many poor whites was complete, and voter rolls had dropped dramatically in the South. Closing out Republican supporters gave a bump to [[Woodrow Wilson]], who took all the electors across the South (apart from Delaware and West Virginia), as the Republican Party was stifled without support by African Americans.<ref name="valelly146-147"/>

The [[1920 United States presidential election|1920 election]] was a referendum on President Wilson's League of Nations. Pro-isolation sentiment in the South benefited Republican [[Warren G. Harding]], who won Tennessee, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Maryland. In [[1924 United States presidential election|1924]], Republican [[Calvin Coolidge]] won Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland; and in [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]], [[Herbert Hoover]], perhaps benefiting from bias against his Democratic opponent [[Al Smith]] (who was a Roman Catholic and opposed [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]), won not only those Southern states that had been carried by either Harding or Coolidge (Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Maryland), but also won Florida, North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia, none of which had voted Republican since Reconstruction. He furthermore came within 2.5% of carrying the Deep South state of Alabama. (All of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover carried the two Southern states that had supported Hughes in 1916, West Virginia and Delaware.)

Al Smith had received serious backlash as a Catholic in the largely Protestant South in 1928, losing several states in the Outer South, only managing to hold Arkansas outside the Deep South. Smith had also nearly lost Alabama, which he held by 3%, which had Hoover won, would have physically split the Solid South. The South appeared "solid" again during the period of Roosevelt's political dominance, as his welfare programs and military buildup invested considerable money in the South, benefiting many of its citizens, including during the [[Dust Bowl]].

Democratic President [[Harry S. Truman]]'s support of the [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights movement]], combined with the adoption of a civil rights plank in the 1948 Democratic platform, prompted many Southerners to walk out of the [[1948 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] and form the [[Dixiecrat Party]]. This splinter party played a significant role in the [[1948 United States presidential election|1948 election]]; the Dixiecrat candidate, [[Strom Thurmond]], carried [[Alabama]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and his native [[South Carolina]]. 

In the elections of [[1952 United States presidential election|1952]] and [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]], the popular Republican [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], commander of the Allied armed forces during World War II, carried several Southern states, with especially strong showings in the new suburbs. Most of the Southern states he carried had voted for at least one of the Republican winners in the 1920s, but in 1956, Eisenhower carried Louisiana, becoming the first Republican to win the state since [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] in [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]]. The rest of the Deep South voted for his Democratic opponent, [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]. 

In the [[1960 United States presidential election|1960 election]], the Democratic nominee, [[John F. Kennedy]], continued his party's tradition of selecting a Southerner as the vice presidential candidate (in this case, Senator [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] of Texas). Kennedy and Johnson, however, both supported civil rights. In October 1960, when [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] was arrested at a peaceful [[sit-in]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], Kennedy placed a sympathetic phone call to King's wife, [[Coretta Scott King]], and Kennedy's brother [[Robert F. Kennedy]] helped secure King's release. King expressed his appreciation for these calls. Although King made no endorsement, his father, who had previously endorsed Republican [[Richard Nixon]], switched his support to Kennedy.

Because of these and other events, the Democrats lost ground with white voters in the South, as those same voters increasingly lost control over what was once a whites-only Democratic Party in much of the South. The 1960 election was the first in which a Republican presidential candidate received electoral votes from the former Confederacy while losing nationally. Nixon carried Virginia, Tennessee, and Florida. Though the Democrats also won [[Alabama]] and [[Mississippi]], slates of [[unpledged elector]]s, representing Democratic segregationists, awarded those states' electoral votes to [[Harry F. Byrd|Harry Byrd]], rather than Kennedy.

The parties' positions on civil rights continued to evolve in the run up to the [[1964 United States presidential election|1964 election]]. The Democratic candidate, Johnson, who had become president after Kennedy's assassination, spared no effort to win passage of a strong [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]]. After signing the landmark legislation, Johnson said to his aide, [[Bill Moyers]]: "I think we just delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come."<ref>[http://www.digitalnpq.org/archive/1987_winter/second.html Second Thoughts: Reflections on the Great Society] New Perspectives Quarterly, Winter 1987</ref> In contrast, Johnson's Republican opponent, Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] of [[Arizona]], voted against the Civil Rights Act, believing it enhanced the federal government and infringed on the [[private property]] rights of businessmen. Goldwater did support civil rights in general and [[universal suffrage]], and voted for the [[1957 Civil Rights Act]] (though casting no vote on the [[1960 Civil Rights Act]]), as well as voting for the [[24th Amendment]], which banned [[Poll tax (United States)|poll taxes]] as a requirement for voting. This was one of the devices that states used to disfranchise African Americans and the poor.

That November, Johnson won a landslide electoral victory, and the Republicans suffered significant losses in Congress. Goldwater, however, besides carrying his home state of Arizona, carried the Deep South: voters in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina had switched parties for the first time since Reconstruction. Goldwater notably won only in Southern states that had voted against Republican Richard Nixon in 1960, while not winning a single Southern state which Nixon had carried. Previous Republican inroads in the South had been concentrated on high-growth suburban areas, often with many transplants, as well as on the periphery of the South. 

According to a quantitative analysis done by  Ilyana Kuziemko and Ebonya Washington, racism played a central role in the decline in relative white Southern Democratic identification.<ref>((cite journal|first1=Ilyana|last1=Kuziemko|first2=Ebonya|last2=Washington|title= Why did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate|series=Working Paper Series |publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]]|date=November 1, 2015|doi=10.3386/w21703 |access-date=May 21, 2023|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w21703))</ref>

==Southern strategy==
((main|Southern strategy))
((More citations needed|date=May 2023))

===1965 to 2010===
[[File:1990 House Elections in the United States.png|thumb|right|The [[1990 United States elections|1990 general election]] marked the beginning of the end for commanding Democratic Party presence in the South (Democrats marked light blue, dark blue for seats gained)]]

In the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 election]], [[Richard Nixon]] saw the cracks in the Solid South as an opportunity to tap into a group of voters who had historically been beyond the reach of the Republican Party. With the aid of Harry Dent and South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond, who had switched to the Republican Party in 1964, Nixon ran his [[Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign|1968 campaign]] on [[states' rights]] and "law and order". As a key component of this strategy, he selected as his running mate Maryland Governor [[Spiro Agnew]].<ref>((Cite magazine|date=1969-11-14|title=Nation: Spiro Agnew: The King's Taster|language=en-US|magazine=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,840345-2,00.html|access-date=2021-10-17|issn=0040-781X))</ref> Liberal Northern Democrats accused Nixon of pandering to Southern whites, especially with regard to his "states' rights" and "law and order" positions, which were widely understood by black leaders to legitimize the [[status quo]] of Southern states' discrimination.<ref name="Johnson">((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/08/13/archives/negro-leaders-see-bias-in-call-of-nixon-for-law-and-order.html |title=Negro Leaders See Bias in Call of Nixon for 'Law and Order'|last=Johnson|first=Thomas A.|date=August 13, 1968|work=The New York Times|page=27|access-date=2008-08-02))((subscription required))</ref> This tactic was described in 2007 by David Greenberg in ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' as "[[dog-whistle politics]]".<ref>((cite news|last=Greenberg|first=David|title=Dog-Whistling Dixie: When Reagan said 'states' rights', he was talking about race|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2007/11/dogwhistling_dixie.html|newspaper=Slate|date=November 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112144213/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2007/11/dogwhistling_dixie.html|archive-date=January 12, 2012|url-status=live))</ref> According to an article in ''The American Conservative'', Nixon adviser and speechwriter [[Pat Buchanan]] disputed this characterization.<ref>[http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/nixon-in-dixie/ "Nixon in Dixie"], ''The American Conservative'' magazine</ref><ref>Ted Van Dyk. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121944770970665183 "How the Election of 1968 Reshaped the Democratic Party"], ''Wall Street Journal'', 2008</ref>

The independent candidacy of George Wallace, former Democratic governor of Alabama, partially negated Nixon's Southern Strategy.<ref>((cite news|last=Childs|first=Marquis|title=Wallace's Victory Weakens Nixon's Southern Strategy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hy9IAAAAIBAJ&pg=1221,5431957&dq=southern-strategy&hl=en|newspaper=The Morning Record|date=June 8, 1970))</ref> With a much more explicit attack on integration and black civil rights, Wallace won all but two of Goldwater's states (the exceptions being [[South Carolina]] and [[Arizona]]) as well as [[Arkansas]] and one of [[North Carolina]]'s electoral votes. Nixon picked up [[Virginia]], [[Tennessee]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]], [[Florida]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Kentucky]], [[Missouri]], and [[Delaware]]. The Democrat, Hubert Humphrey, won [[Texas]], heavily unionized [[West Virginia]], and heavily urbanized [[Maryland]]. Writer [[Jeffrey Hart]], who worked on the Nixon campaign as a [[speechwriter]], said in 2006 that Nixon did not have a "Southern Strategy", but "Border State Strategy" as he said that the 1968 campaign ceded the Deep South to George Wallace. Hart suggested that the press called it a "Southern Strategy" as they are "very lazy".<ref>((cite video | people=[[Jeffrey Hart|Hart, Jeffrey]] | date=2006-02-09 | title = The Making of the American Conservative Mind | medium=television | location=[[Hanover, New Hampshire]] | publisher=[[C-SPAN]]))</ref>

The 1968 election had been the first election in which both the [[Upland South|Upper South]] and [[Deep South]] bolted from the Democratic party simultaneously. The Upper South had backed Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956, as well as Nixon in 1960. The Deep South had backed Goldwater just four years prior. Despite the two regions of the South still backing different candidates, Wallace in the Deep South and Nixon in the Upper South, only Texas, Maryland, and West Virginia had held up against the majority Nixon-Wallace vote for Humphrey. By 1972, Nixon had swept the South altogether, Outer and Deep South alike, marking the first time in American history a Republican won every Southern state. 

At the [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 election]], [[Jimmy Carter]], a Southern governor, gave Democrats a short-lived comeback in the South, winning every state in the old Confederacy except for [[Virginia]], which was narrowly lost. However, in his unsuccessful [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 re-election bid]], the only Southern states he won were his native state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[West Virginia]], and [[Maryland]]. The year 1976 was the last year a Democratic presidential candidate won a majority of Southern electoral votes. The Republicans took all the region's electoral votes in the [[1984 United States presidential election|1984 election]] and every state except [[West Virginia]] in [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]].

In the [[1992 United States presidential election|1992 election]] and [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]], when the Democratic ticket consisted of two Southerners ([[Bill Clinton]] and [[Al Gore]]), the Democrats and Republicans split the region. In both elections, Clinton won [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]], [[West Virginia]], [[Missouri]], [[Maryland]], and [[Delaware]], while the Republican won [[Texas]], [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]], [[Virginia]], and [[Oklahoma]]. Bill Clinton won Georgia in 1992, but lost it in 1996 to [[Bob Dole]]. Conversely, Clinton lost [[Florida]] in 1992 to George Bush, but won it in 1996.

In [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], however, Gore received no electoral votes from the South, even from his home state of Tennessee, apart from heavily urbanized and uncontested Maryland and Delaware. The popular vote in Florida was [[2000 United States presidential election in Florida|extraordinarily close]] in awarding the state's electoral votes to [[George W. Bush]]. This pattern continued in the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 election]]; the Democratic ticket of [[John Kerry]] and [[John Edwards]] received no electoral votes from the South apart from Maryland and Delaware, even though Edwards was from [[North Carolina]], and was born in South Carolina. However, in the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 election]], as many areas in the South became more urbanized, liberal, and demographically diverse, [[Barack Obama]] won the former Republican strongholds of [[Virginia]] and [[North Carolina]] as well as [[Florida]]; Obama won Virginia and Florida again in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] and lost North Carolina by only 2.04 percent. In [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], [[Hillary Clinton]] won only Virginia while narrowly losing Florida and North Carolina. In [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], [[Joe Biden]] won Virginia, a growing stronghold for Democrats, and narrowly won Georgia, in large part due to the rapidly growing Atlanta metropolitan area, while narrowly losing Florida and North Carolina.

While the South was shifting from the Democrats to the Republicans, the [[Northeastern United States]] went the other way. The Northeastern United States is defined by the US Census Bureau as Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the New England States. Well into the 1980s, much of the Northeast – in particular the heavily suburbanized states of New Jersey and Connecticut, and the rural states of northern New England – were strongholds of the Republican Party. The Democratic Party made steady gains there, however, and from 1992 through 2012, all nine Northeastern states, from New Jersey to Maine, voted Democratic, with the exception of New Hampshire's plurality for George W. Bush in 2000.

===2010 to present===
Although Republicans gradually began doing better in presidential elections in the South starting in 1952, Republicans did not finish taking over Southern politics at the nonpresidential level until the elections of November 2010. ((As of|2024)), the South is dominated by Republicans at both the state and presidential level, with Republicans controlling 20 of the 22 legislative bodies in the former Confederacy, the sole exception being the [[Virginia General Assembly]]. Between the defeats of Georgia Representative [[John Barrow (U.S. politician)|John Barrow]], Arkansas Senator [[Mark Pryor]] and Louisiana Senator [[Mary Landrieu]] in 2014 and the election of Alabama Senator [[Doug Jones (politician)|Doug Jones]] in 2017, there were no white Democratic members of Congress from the states that voted for George Wallace in 1968. Until November 2010, Democrats had a majority in the Alabama, North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana Legislatures, a majority in the Kentucky House of Representatives and Virginia Senate, a near majority of the Tennessee House of Representatives, and a majority of the U.S. House delegations from Arkansas, North Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, as well as near-even splits of the Georgia and Alabama U.S. House delegations.

[[File:US House 2022.svg|thumb|The [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections|2022 House elections]] (Democrats in blue and dark blue) showcased Republican political domination in the South, with most of the few Democratic districts in the South being demographically [[Majority minority in the United States|majority-minority]]]]

However, during the 2010 midterm elections, Republicans swept the South, successfully reelecting every Senate incumbent, electing freshmen [[Marco Rubio]] in Florida and [[Rand Paul]] in Kentucky, and defeating Democratic incumbent [[Blanche Lincoln]] in Arkansas for a seat now held by [[John Boozman]]. In the House, Republicans reelected every incumbent except for [[Joseph Cao]] of New Orleans, defeated several Democratic incumbents, and gained a number of Democratic-held open seats. They won the majority in the congressional delegations of every Southern state. Most Solid South states, with the exceptions of Arkansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia, also elected or reelected Republicans governors. Most significantly, Republicans took control of both houses of the Alabama and North Carolina State Legislatures for the first time since Reconstruction, with Mississippi and Louisiana flipping a year later during their off-year elections. Even in Arkansas, the GOP won three of six statewide [[Down-ballot effect|down-ballot positions]] for which they had often not fielded candidates until recently; they also went from eight to 15 out of 35 seats in the state senate and from 28 to 45 out of 100 in the State House of Representatives.

In 2012, the Republicans finally took control of the Arkansas State Legislature and the North Carolina Governorship, leaving West Virginia as the last Solid South state with the Democrats still in control of the state legislature, as well as the governorship. In 2014, though, both houses of the West Virginia legislature were finally taken by the GOP, and most other legislative chambers in the South up for election that year saw increased GOP gains. Arkansas' governorship finally flipped GOP in 2014 when incumbent [[Mike Beebe]] was term-limited, as did every other statewide office not previously held by the Republicans. Many analysts believe the so-called "Southern Strategy" that has been employed by Republicans since the 1960s is now virtually complete, with Republicans in firm, almost total, control of political offices in the South.((citation needed|date=July 2016)) However, the Louisiana governorship was won by [[John Bel Edwards]] in 2015, and [[Jim Hood]] won a fourth term as Mississippi Attorney General the same year, making them the only Southern Democratic statewide executive officials. Hood retired in 2019 to mount an unsuccessful run for Governor of Mississippi, and was succeeded by Republican [[Lynn Fitch]], while Edwards was reelected as Governor of Louisiana. 

The biggest exception to this trend has been the state of [[Virginia]]. It got an earlier start in the trend towards the Republican Party than the rest of the region. It voted Republican for president in 13 of the 14 elections between 1952 and 2004, while no other Southern state did so more than nine times (that state, Florida, is the other potential exception to the trend, but to a significantly lesser extent). Moreover, it had a Republican Governor more often than not between 1970 and 2002, and Republicans held at least half the seats in the [[United States congressional delegations from Virginia|Virginia congressional delegation]] from 1968 to 1990 (although the Democrats had a narrow minority throughout the 1990s), while with single-term exceptions (Alabama from 1965 to 1967, Tennessee from 1973 to 1975, and South Carolina from 1981 to 1983) and the exception of Florida (which had its delegation turn majority Republican in 1989), Democrats held at least half the seats in the delegations of the rest of the Southern states until the [[Republican Revolution]] of 1994. However, thanks in large part to massive population growth in [[Northern Virginia]] and the orientation of that population with the political ideologies of the solidly Democratic [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]], the Democratic Party has won most statewide races since 2005, and, in the 2020 presidential election, carried the state by a double digit margin for the first time since 1944.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-virginias-purple-is-starting-to-look-rather-blue/2012/11/16/d7b9b14c-2ddc-11e2-9ac2-1c61452669c3_story.html | title=Why Virginia's purple is starting to look rather blue | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=16 November 2012 | access-date=24 July 2016 | last1=Farnswoth |first1=Stephen |last2=Hanna |first2=Stephen))</ref>

==Solid South in presidential elections==
While Republicans occasionally won southern states in elections in which they won the presidency in the Solid South, it was not until 1960 that a Republican carried one of these states while losing the national election. As such, these states remained a key component of the Democratic coalition until that election.


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
|+ Presidential votes in southern states since 1876
|-
!Year !! [[United States presidential elections in Alabama|Alabama]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Arkansas|Arkansas]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Delaware|Delaware]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Florida|Florida]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Georgia|Georgia]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Kentucky|Kentucky]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Louisiana|Louisiana]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Mississippi|Mississippi]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Maryland|Maryland]] !! [[United States presidential elections in North Carolina|North Carolina]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] !! [[United States presidential elections in South Carolina|South Carolina]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Tennessee|Tennessee]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Texas|Texas]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Virginia|Virginia]] !! [[United States presidential elections in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
|-
| [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]]'''((efn|name="award"|Electoral votes awarded by the [[Electoral Commission (United States)|Electoral Commission]])) || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]]'''((efn|name="award")) || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || No election((efn|name=|Oklahoma was not a state until 1907 and did not vote in presidential elections until 1908)) || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]]'''((efn|name="award")) || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel J. Tilden|Tilden]]
|-
| [[1880 United States presidential election|1880]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Winfield S. Hancock|Hancock]]
|-
| [[1884 United States presidential election|1884]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' 
|-
| [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]
|-
| [[1892 United States presidential election|1892]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]]'''
|-
| [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]'''
|-
| [[1900 United States presidential election|1900]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William McKinley|McKinley]]'''
|-
| [[1904 United States presidential election|1904]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || No election || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alton B. Parker|Parker]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'''
|-
| [[1908 United States presidential election|1908]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William Howard Taft|Taft]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William Howard Taft|Taft]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[William Jennings Bryan|Bryan]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[William Howard Taft|Taft]]'''
|-
| [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]'''
|-
| [[1916 United States presidential election|1916]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Charles Evans Hughes|Hughes]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Charles Evans Hughes|Hughes]]
|-
| [[1920 United States presidential election|1920]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[James M. Cox|Cox]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Warren G. Harding|Harding]]'''
|-
| [[1924 United States presidential election|1924]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Davis|Davis]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]]'''
|-
| [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred E. Smith|Smith]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]]'''
|-
| [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'''
|-
| [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'''
|-
| [[1940 United States presidential election|1940]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'''
|-
| [[1944 United States presidential election|1944]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'''
|-
| [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[Strom Thurmond|Thurmond]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Thomas E Dewey|Dewey]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || bgcolor="orange"|[[Strom Thurmond|Thurmond]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[Strom Thurmond|Thurmond]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Thomas E Dewey|Dewey]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || bgcolor="orange"|[[Strom Thurmond|Thurmond]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]'''((efn|One of Tennessee's electoral votes went to [[Strom Thurmond]].)) || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Harry S Truman|Truman]]'''
|-
| [[1952 United States presidential election|1952]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]]
|-
| [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]]((efn|One of Alabama's electoral votes went to [[Walter B. Jones]].)) || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]'''
|-
| [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[Harry F. Byrd|Byrd]]((efn|name="misselector"|Five of Alabama's electoral votes went to [[John F. Kennedy]].)) || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || bgcolor="orange"|[[Harry F. Byrd|Byrd]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]((efn|One of Oklahoma's electoral votes went to [[Harry F. Byrd]].)) || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]'''
|-
| [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]]'''
|-
| [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[George Wallace|Wallace]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[George Wallace|Wallace]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || bgcolor="orange"|[[George Wallace|Wallace]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || bgcolor="orange"|[[George Wallace|Wallace]] || bgcolor="orange"|[[George Wallace|Wallace]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hubert H. Humphrey|Humphrey]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]'''((efn|name=|One North Carolina Republican elector switched his vote to Wallace.)) || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hubert H. Humphrey|Humphrey]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hubert H. Humphrey|Humphrey]]
|-
| [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]'''((efn|One Virginia Republican elector switched his vote to [[John Hospers]].)) || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]'''
|-
| [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Gerald Ford|Ford]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Gerald Ford|Ford]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]'''
|-
| [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]
|-
| [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Ronald W. Reagan|Reagan]]'''
|-
| [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Michael Dukakis|Dukakis]]((efn|One West Virginia Democratic elector switched her vote to [[Lloyd Bentsen]].))
|-
| [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]'''
|-
| [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]]<ref>((Cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?fips=28&year=1996i|title=1996 Presidential General Election Results - Mississippi))</ref> || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]'''
|-
| [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Al Gore|Gore]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Al Gore|Gore]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]'''
|-
| [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John Kerry|Kerry]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[John Kerry|Kerry]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[George W. Bush|Bush]]'''
|-
| [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' ||  ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[John McCain|McCain]]
|-
| [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' ||  ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]]|| ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Barack Obama|Obama]]'''|| ((party shading/Republican))|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]]
|-
| [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]'''|| ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' ||  ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]'''|| ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]'''|| ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]'''((efn|One Texas Republican elector switched their vote to [[John Kasich]], and another cast his vote for [[Ron Paul]].)) || ((party shading/Democratic))|[[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]] || ((party shading/Republican))|'''[[Donald Trump|Trump]]'''
|-
| [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Joe Biden|Biden]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] ||  ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Joe Biden|Biden]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Joe Biden|Biden]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] || ((party shading/Democratic))|'''[[Joe Biden|Biden]]''' || ((party shading/Republican))|[[Donald Trump|Trump]]
|-
!Year !! [[United States presidential elections in Alabama|Alabama]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Arkansas|Arkansas]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Delaware|Delaware]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Florida|Florida]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Georgia|Georgia]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Kentucky|Kentucky]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Louisiana|Louisiana]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Mississippi|Mississippi]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Maryland|Maryland]] !! [[United States presidential elections in North Carolina|North Carolina]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] !! [[United States presidential elections in South Carolina|South Carolina]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Tennessee|Tennessee]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Texas|Texas]] !! [[United States presidential elections in Virginia|Virginia]] !! [[United States presidential elections in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|+ Key
| ((party shading/Democratic))| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] nominee
|-
| ((party shading/Republican))| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] nominee
|-
| style="background-color:orange" | Third-party nominee or write-in candidate
|}
'''Bold''' denotes candidates elected as president

==Solid South in gubernatorial elections==
Officials who acted as governor for less than ninety days are excluded from this chart. This chart is intended to be a visual exposition of party strength in the solid south and the dates listed are not exactly precise. Governors not elected in their own right are listed in italics.

The parties are as follows: ((legend2|#CCEEFF|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (D), ((legend2|#66FF99|[[Farmers' Alliance]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (FA), ((legend2|#ff00ff|[[Prohibition Party|Prohibition]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (P), ((legend2|#CCFF99|[[Readjuster Party|Readjuster]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (RA), ((legend2|#FFB6B6|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (R).

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
|+ Governors of southern states since 1877
|-
!Year !![[List of Governors of Alabama|Alabama]]!![[List of Governors of Arkansas|Arkansas]]!![[List of Governors of Florida|Florida]]!![[List of Governors of Georgia|Georgia]]!![[List of Governors of Kentucky|Kentucky]]!![[List of Governors of Louisiana|Louisiana]]!![[List of Governors of Maryland|Maryland]]!![[List of Governors of Mississippi|Mississippi]]!![[List of Governors of North Carolina|North Carolina]]!![[List of Governors of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]!![[List of Governors of South Carolina|South Carolina]]!![[List of Governors of Tennessee|Tennessee]]!![[List of Governors of Texas|Texas]]!![[List of Governors of Virginia|Virginia]]!![[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia]]
|-
!1877
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George S. Houston]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Read Miller]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George F. Drew]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred H. Colquitt]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. McCreary]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Francis T. Nicholls]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Lee Carroll]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John M. Stone]]  (D)((efn|name=|Since both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor had been impeached, the former resigning and the latter being removed from office, Stone, as president of the Senate, was next in line for the governorship. Filled unexpired term and was later elected in his own right.))
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Zebulon Baird Vance]] (D)
|rowspan=13 |''Unorganized territory''
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Wade Hampton III]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James D. Porter]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Richard B. Hubbard]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"|As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.))
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James L. Kemper]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry M. Mathews]] (D)
|-
!1878
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Frederick W. M. Holliday]] (D)
|-
!1879
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Rufus W. Cobb]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Jordan Jarvis]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[William Dunlap Simpson]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Albert S. Marks]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Oran M. Roberts]] (D)

|-
!1880
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Luke P. Blackburn]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Louis A. Wiltz]] (D)((efn|name="died"|Died in office.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Thomas Hamilton]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Bothwell Jeter]] (D)
|-
!1881
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas James Churchill]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William D. Bloxham]] (D)
|rowspan=7 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Samuel D. McEnery]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Johnson Hagood (governor)|Johnson Hagood]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Alvin Hawkins]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jacob B. Jackson]] (D)
|-
!1882
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Lowry (governor)|Robert Lowry]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Hugh Smith Thompson]] (D)((efn|name=|Resigned upon appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Readjuster))|[[William E. Cameron]] (RA)
|-
!1883
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edward A. O'Neal]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James Henderson Berry]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry Dickerson McDaniel]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William B. Bate]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]] (D)
|-
!1884
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. Proctor Knott]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Milligan McLane]] (D)
|-
!1885
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edward A. Perry]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry Lloyd (governor)|Henry Lloyd]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Alfred Moore Scales]] (D)
|rowspan=82 ((Party shading/Democratic))| (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Emanuel Willis Wilson]] (D)((efn|name=|Did not run for re-election in 1888, but due to the election's being disputed, remained in office until February 6, 1890.))
|-
!1886
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Fitzhugh Lee]] (D)
|-
!1887
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Seay]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John B. Gordon]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Love Taylor]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lawrence Sullivan Ross]] (D)
|-
!1888
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Francis T. Nicholls]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Elihu Emory Jackson]] (D)
|-
!1889
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James Philip Eagle]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Francis P. Fleming]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Daniel Gould Fowle]] (D)
|-
!1890
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John M. Stone]] (D)
|rowspan=19 |''Governors of [[Oklahoma Territory]]''
(appointed by the [[President of the United States]] with the consent of the Senate)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Philip W. McKinney]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Aretas B. Fleming]] (D)((efn|name=|Elected in 1888 for a term beginning in 1891, an election dispute prevented Fleming from taking office until February 6, 1890))

|-
!1891
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas G. Jones]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William J. Northen]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Michael Holt]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Farmers' Alliance))|[[John P. Buchanan]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Hogg]] (D)
|-
!1892
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Y. Brown (1835–1904)|John Y. Brown]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Murphy J. Foster]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Frank Brown (governor)|Frank Brown]] (D)
|-
!1893
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Meade Fishback]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry L. Mitchell]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Elias Carr]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Peter Turney]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William A. MacCorkle]] (D)
|-
!1894
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles Triplett O'Ferrall]] (D)
|-
!1895
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William C. Oates]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James Paul Clarke]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Yates Atkinson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles A. Culberson]] (D)
|-
!1896
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[William O. Bradley]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Lloyd Lowndes Jr.]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Anselm J. McLaurin]] (D)
|-
!1897
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joseph F. Johnston]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Daniel Webster Jones (governor)|Daniel Webster Jones]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William D. Bloxham]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Daniel Lindsay Russell]] (R)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Love Taylor]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[George W. Atkinson]] (R)
|-
!1898
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James Hoge Tyler]] (D)
|-
!1899
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Allen D. Candler]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Benton McMillin]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joseph D. Sayers]] (D)
|-
!rowspan=2|1900
||((efn|[[William S. Taylor (Kentucky politician)|William S. Taylor]] (R) was sworn in and assumed office, but the state legislature challenged the validity of his election, claiming ballot fraud. [[William Goebel]] (D), his challenger in the election, was shot on January 30, 1900. The next day, the legislature named Goebel governor. However, Goebel died from his wounds three days later.))
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Wright Heard]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Walter Smith]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Andrew H. Longino]] (D)
|-
|rowspan=9 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. C. W. Beckham]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|-
!rowspan=2|1901
|((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William J. Samford]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=7 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor)|Jeff Davis]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William S. Jennings]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles Brantley Aycock]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Albert B. White]] (R)
|-
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William D. Jelks]] (D)((efn|As President of the state Senate, filled unexpired term and was subsequently elected in his own right.))((efn|Gubernatorial terms were increased from two to four years during Jelks' governorship; his first term was filling out Samford's two-year term, and he was elected in 1902 for a four-year term.))
|-
!1902
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Andrew Jackson Montague]] (D)
|-
!1903
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joseph M. Terrell]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. Frazier]] (D)((efn|name=|Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. March 21, 1905))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[S. W. T. Lanham]] (D)
|-
!1904
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Newton C. Blanchard]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edwin Warfield]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James K. Vardaman]] (D)
|-
!1905
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Napoleon B. Broward]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Broadnax Glenn]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[John I. Cox]]'' (D)((efn|name=|As Speaker of the Senate, ascended to the governorship.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[William M. O. Dawson]] (R)
|-
!1906
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Claude A. Swanson]] (D)
|-
!1907
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[B. B. Comer]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|(D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[M. Hoke Smith]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles N. Haskell]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Malcolm R. Patterson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Mitchell Campbell]] (D)
|-
!1908
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Augustus E. Willson]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jared Y. Sanders, Sr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Austin Lane Crothers]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edmond Noel]] (D)
|-
!1909
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Albert W. Gilchrist]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Washington Donaghey]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joseph M. Brown]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Walton Kitchin]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[William E. Glasscock]] (R)
|-
!1910
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Hodges Mann]] (D)
|-
!1911
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Emmet O'Neal]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|((efn|The elected governor, Hoke Smith, resigned to take his elected seat in the United States Senate. John M. Slaton, president of the senate, served as acting governor until Joseph M. Brown was elected governor in a special election.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lee Cruce]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Ben W. Hooper]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Oscar Branch Colquitt]] (D)
|-
!1912
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. McCreary]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Luther E. Hall]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Phillips Lee Goldsborough]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Earl L. Brewer]] (D)
|-
!1913
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|(D)((efn|The elected Governor, Joseph Taylor Robinson, resigned on March 8, 1913 to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. President of the state Senate William Kavanaugh Oldham acted as governor for six days before a new Senate President was elected. Junius Marion Futrell, as the new president of the senate, acted as governor until a special election.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Park Trammell]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John M. Slaton]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Locke Craig]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Henry D. Hatfield]] (R)
|-
!1914
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Washington Hays]] (D)((efn|Elected in a special election.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry Carter Stuart]] (D)
|-
!1915
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles Henderson (Alabama politician)|Charles Henderson]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Nathaniel E. Harris]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[R. L. Williams]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Tom C. Rye]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James E. Ferguson]] (D)((efn|Resigned on the initiation of impeachment proceedings. Aug. 25, 1917.))
|-
!1916
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Augustus O. Stanley]] (D)((efn|name="us.senate"|Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ruffin G. Pleasant]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Emerson Harrington]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Theodore G. Bilbo]] (D)
|-
!1917
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Charles Hillman Brough]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Prohibition))|[[Sidney Johnston Catts]] (P)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Hugh M. Dorsey]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Walter Bickett]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William P. Hobby]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John J. Cornwell]] (D)
|-
!1918
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Westmoreland Davis]] (D)
|-
!1919
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Kilby]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[James D. Black]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. A. Robertson]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[A. H. Roberts]] (D)
|-
!1920
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Edwin P. Morrow]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John M. Parker]] (D)
|rowspan=15 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Albert Ritchie]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lee M. Russell]] (D)
|-
!1921
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Chipman McRae]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Cary A. Hardee]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas W. Hardwick]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Cameron Morrison]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Alfred A. Taylor]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Pat Morris Neff]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Ephraim F. Morgan]] (R)
|-
!1922
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Elbert Lee Trinkle]] (D)
|-
!1923
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William W. Brandon]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Clifford Walker]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jack C. Walton]]((efn|Impeached and removed from office. November 19, 1923))
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Austin Peay]] (D)((efn|Died in his third term of office. October 2, 1927.))
|-
!1924
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William J. Fields]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry L. Fuqua]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry L. Whitfield]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Martin E. Trapp]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|-
!1925
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Tom Jefferson Terral]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John W. Martin]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Angus Wilton McLean]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Miriam A. Ferguson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Howard M. Gore]] (R)
|-
!1926
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Oramel H. Simpson]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Harry F. Byrd]] (D)
|-
!1927
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bibb Graves]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Ellis Martineau]] (D)((efn|Resigned to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lamartine G. Hardman]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Dennis Murphree]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry S. Johnston]] (D)((efn|Impeached and removed from office. March 21, 1929))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Dan Moody]] (D)
|-
!1928
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Harvey Parnell]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"|As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term and was subsequently elected in his own right.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Flem D. Sampson]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Huey Long]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Theodore G. Bilbo]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Henry Hollis Horton]] (D)((efn|As Speaker of the Senate, ascended to the governorship. Subsequently elected for two full terms.))
|-
!1929
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Doyle E. Carlton]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Oliver Max Gardner]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[William J. Holloway]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[William G. Conley]] (R)
|-
!1930
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Garland Pollard]] (D)
|-
!1931
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Benjamin M. Miller]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Richard Russell, Jr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William H. Murray]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ross S. Sterling]] (D)
|-
!1932
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ruby Laffoon]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Alvin Olin King]] (D)((efn|[[Paul N. Cyr]] was lieutenant governor under Huey Long and stated that he would succeed Long when Long left for the Senate, but Long demanded Cyr forfeit his office. King, as president of the state Senate, was elevated to lieutenant governor and later governor.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Martin Sennett Conner]] (D)
|-
!1933
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Junius Marion Futrell]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[David Sholtz]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Eugene Talmadge]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Oscar K. Allen]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John C.B. Ehringhaus]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Harry Hill McAlister]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Miriam A. Ferguson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Herman G. Kump]] (D)
|-
!1934
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George C. Peery]] (D)
|-
!1935
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bibb Graves]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Harry Nice]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ernest W. Marland]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James V. Allred]] (D)
|-
!1936
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Happy Chandler]] (D)((efn|Resigned to take an appointed seat in the United States Senate.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))| [[James A. Noe]](D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Hugh L. White]]
|-
!1937
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Carl Edward Bailey]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Fred P. Cone]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Eurith D. Rivers]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Clyde R. Hoey]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Gordon Browning]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Homer A. Holt]] (D)
|-
!1938
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James Hubert Price|James H. Price]] (D)
|-
!1939
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Frank M. Dixon]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Keen Johnson]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Herbert O'Conor]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Leon C. Phillips]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Prentice Cooper]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[W. Lee O'Daniel]] (D)((efn|Resigned upon victory in the Democratic primary for the United States Senate, August 4, 1941.))
|-
!1940
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Sam H. Jones]] (D)
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Paul B. Johnson, Sr.]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|-
!1941
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Homer Martin Adkins]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Spessard Holland]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|Eugene Talmadge (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. Melville Broughton]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Matthew M. Neely]] (D)
|-
!1942
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Coke R. Stevenson]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Colgate Darden]] (D)
|-
!1943
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Chauncey Sparks]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ellis Arnall]] (D)
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Dennis Murphree]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert S. Kerr]] (D)
|-
!1944
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Simeon S. Willis]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmie Davis]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas L. Bailey]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|-
!1945
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Benjamin Travis Laney]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Millard F. Caldwell]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[R. Gregg Cherry]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Nance McCord]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Clarence W. Meadows]] (D)
|-
!1946
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Fielding L. Wright]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William M. Tuck]] (D)
|-
!1947
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Folsom]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Melvin E. Thompson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Preston Lane Jr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Roy J. Turner]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Beauford H. Jester]] (D)((efn|Died in office. July 11, 1949))
|-
!1948
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Earle C. Clements]] (D)((efn|name="us.senate"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Earl Long]] (D)
|-
!1949
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Sid McMath]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Fuller Warren]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Herman Talmadge]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[W. Kerr Scott]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Gordon Browning]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Allan Shivers]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Okey L. Patteson]] (D)
|-
!1950
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John S. Battle]] (D)
|-
!1951
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Gordon Persons]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lawrence W. Wetherby]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Theodore McKeldin]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Johnston Murray]] (D)
|-
!1952
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert F. Kennon]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Hugh L. White]] (D)
|-
!1953
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Francis Cherry (governor)|Francis Cherry]] (D)
|((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Daniel T. McCarty]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=1 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William B. Umstead]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Frank G. Clement]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William C. Marland]] (D)
|-
!1954
|((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Charley Eugene Johns]]'' (D)((efn|As President of the state Senate, filled unexpired term.))
|rowspan=7 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Luther Hodges]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Thomas Bahnson Stanley]] (D)
|-
!1955
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Folsom]] (D)
|rowspan=12 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Orval Faubus]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[LeRoy Collins]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Marvin Griffin]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Raymond D. Gary]] (D)
|-
!1956
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Happy Chandler]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Earl Long]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James P. Coleman]] (D)
|-
!1957
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Price Daniel]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Cecil H. Underwood]] (R)
|-
!1958
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. Lindsay Almond]] (D)
|-
!1959
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Malcolm Patterson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ernest Vandiver]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. Millard Tawes]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[J. Howard Edmondson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Buford Ellington]] (D)
|-
!1960
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bert T. Combs]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmie Davis]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ross Barnett]] (D)
|-
!1961
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[C. Farris Bryant]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Terry Sanford]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Wallace Barron]] (D)
|-
!1962
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Albertis S. Harrison, Jr.]] (D)
|-
!1963
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Wallace]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Carl Sanders]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Henry Bellmon]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Frank G. Clement]] (D)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Connally]] (D)
|-
!1964
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edward T. Breathitt]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John McKeithen]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Paul B. Johnson, Jr.]] (D)
|-
!1965
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[W. Haydon Burns]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Dan K. Moore]]
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert Evander McNair]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Hulett C. Smith]] (D)
|-
!1966
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Mills E. Godwin, Jr.]] (D)
|-
!1967
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lurleen Wallace]] (D)((efn|name="died"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Winthrop Rockefeller]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Claude R. Kirk, Jr.]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lester Maddox]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Spiro Agnew]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Dewey F. Bartlett]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Buford Ellington]] (D)
|-
!1968
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Louie B. Nunn]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Bell Williams]] (D)
|-
!1969
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Albert Brewer]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=10 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Marvin Mandel]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Robert W. Scott]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Preston Smith (governor)|Preston Smith]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Arch A. Moore, Jr.]] (R)
|-
!1970
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[A. Linwood Holton, Jr.]] (R)
|-
!1971
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Wallace]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Dale Bumpers]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Reubin Askew]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jimmy Carter]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[David Hall (Oklahoma governor)|David Hall]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John C. West]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Winfield Dunn]] (R)
|-
!1972
|rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Wendell H. Ford]] (D)((efn|name="us.senate"))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edwin Edwards]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bill Waller]] (D)
|-
!1973
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[James Holshouser]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Dolph Briscoe]] (D)
|-
!1974
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Mills E. Godwin, Jr.]] (R)
|-
!1975
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[David Pryor]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Busbee]] (D)
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Julian Carroll]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[David L. Boren]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[James B. Edwards]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ray Blanton]] (D)
|-
!1976
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Cliff Finch]] (D)
|-
!1977
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. Hunt, Jr.]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jay Rockefeller]] (D)
|-
!1978
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[John N. Dalton]] (R)
|-
!1979
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Fob James]] (D)
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bill Clinton]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bob Graham]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Harry Hughes]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Nigh]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Richard Riley]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Lamar Alexander]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bill Clements]] (R)
|-
!1980
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Y. Brown, Jr.]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Dave Treen]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Winter (politician)|William Winter]] (D)
|-
!1981
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Frank D. White]] (R)
|-
!1982
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Chuck Robb]] (D)
|-
!1983
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[George Wallace]] (D)
|rowspan=10 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bill Clinton]] (D)((efn|name="PresidentElect"|Resigned upon election to the Presidency of the United States.))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joe Frank Harris]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Mark White (Texas politician)|Mark White]] (D)
|-
!1984
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Martha Layne Collins]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edwin Edwards]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Allain]] (D)
|-
!1985
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[James G. Martin]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Arch A. Moore, Jr.]] (R)
|-
!1986
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Gerald L. Baliles]] (D)
|-
!1987
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[H. Guy Hunt]] (R)((efn|Removed from office upon being convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts; he was later pardoned by the state parole board based on innocence.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Martinez]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[William Donald Schaefer]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Henry Bellmon]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Carroll A. Campbell, Jr.]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ned McWherter]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bill Clements]] (R)
|-
!1988
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Wallace G. Wilkinson]] (D)
|rowspan=4 |[[Buddy Roemer]] (D/R)((efn|Elected as a Democrat in 1987 but switched to Republican in 1991.))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ray Mabus]] (D)
|-
!1989
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Gaston Caperton]] (D)
|-
!1990
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Douglas Wilder]] (D)
|-
!1991
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Lawton Chiles]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Zell Miller]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[David Walters]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ann Richards]] (D)
|-
!1992
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Brereton Jones]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Edwin Edwards]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Kirk Fordice]] (R)
|-
!1993
|rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|''[[Jim Folsom, Jr.]]'' (D)((efn|name="lt.filled"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Guy Tucker]] (D)((efn|name="lt.elected"))((efn|Resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater scandal.))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[James B. Hunt, Jr.]] (D)
|-
!1994
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[George Allen (U.S. politician)|George Allen]] (R)
|-
!1995
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Fob James]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Parris Glendening]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Frank Keating]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[David Beasley]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Don Sundquist]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[George W. Bush]] (R)((efn|name="PresidentElect"))
|-
!1996
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Paul E. Patton]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Murphy J. Foster, Jr.]] (R)
|-
!1997
|rowspan=10 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Mike Huckabee]] (R)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Cecil H. Underwood]] (R)
|-
!1998
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Jim Gilmore]] (R)
|-
!1999
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Don Siegelman]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Jeb Bush]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Roy Barnes]] (D)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Jim Hodges]] (D)
|-
!2000
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ronnie Musgrove]] (D)
|-
!2001
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Mike Easley]] (D)
|rowspan=14 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Rick Perry]] (R)((efn|name="lt.elected"))
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Bob Wise]] (D)
|-
!2002
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Mark Warner]] (D)
|-
!2003
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Riley]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Sonny Perdue]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bob Ehrlich]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Brad Henry]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Mark Sanford]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Phil Bredesen]] (D)
|-
!2004
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Ernie Fletcher]] (R)
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Kathleen Blanco]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Haley Barbour]] (R)
|-
!2005
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Joe Manchin]] (D)((efn|Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate. November 15, 2010))
|-
!2006
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Tim Kaine]] (D)
|-
!2007
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Mike Beebe]] (D)
|rowspan=4 |[[Charlie Crist]] (R/I)((efn|Elected as a Republican, Crist switched his registration to independent in April 2010.))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Martin O'Malley]] (D)
|-
!2008
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Steve Beshear]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bobby Jindal]] (R)
|-
!2009
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Beverly Perdue]] (D)
|-
!2010
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bob McDonnell]] (R)
|-
!2011
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Robert J. Bentley|Robert Bentley]] (R) ((efn|Resigned April 10, 2017.))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Rick Scott]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Nathan Deal]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Mary Fallin]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Nikki Haley]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bill Haslam]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Earl Ray Tomblin]] (D)((efn| As president of the Senate, served as acting governor until he won a special election in 2011.))
|-
!2012
| rowspan="8" ((Party shading/Republican)) |[[Phil Bryant]] (R)
|-
!2013
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Pat McCrory]] (R)
|-
!2014
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Terry McAuliffe]] (D)
|-
!2015
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Asa Hutchinson]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Larry Hogan]] (R)
|rowspan=10 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Greg Abbott]] (R)
|-
!2016
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Matt Bevin]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[John Bel Edwards]] (D)
|-
!2017
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Kay Ivey]] (R) ((efn|As Lieutenant Governor, succeeded to governorship upon resignation of Robert Bentley on April 10, 2017.))
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Roy Cooper]] (D)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Henry McMaster]] (R)
|rowspan=8 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Jim Justice]] (D/R)((efn|Elected as a Democrat, Justice switched his registration to Republican in August 2017.))
|-
!2018
|rowspan=4 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Ralph Northam]] (D)
|-
!2019
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Ron DeSantis]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Brian Kemp]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Kevin Stitt]] (R)
|rowspan=6 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)|Bill Lee]] (R)
|-
!2020
|rowspan=5 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Andy Beshear]] (D)
|rowspan="5" ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Tate Reeves]] (R)
|-
!2021
|-
!2022
|Rowspan=3 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Glenn Youngkin]] (R)
|-
!2023
|Rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Republican))|[[Sarah Huckabee Sanders]] (R)
|Rowspan=2 ((Party shading/Democratic))|[[Wes Moore]] (D)
|-
!2024
|((Party shading/Republican))|[[Jeff Landry]] (R)
|-!Year !![[List of Governors of Alabama|Alabama]]!![[List of Governors of Arkansas|Arkansas]]!![[List of Governors of Florida|Florida]]!![[List of Governors of Georgia|Georgia]]!![[List of Governors of Kentucky|Kentucky]]!![[List of Governors of Louisiana|Louisiana]]!![[List of Governors of Maryland|Maryland]]!![[List of Governors of Mississippi|Mississippi]]!![[List of Governors of North Carolina|North Carolina]]!![[List of Governors of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]!![[List of Governors of South Carolina|South Carolina]]!![[List of Governors of Tennessee|Tennessee]]!![[List of Governors of Texas|Texas]]!![[List of Governors of Virginia|Virginia]]!![[List of Governors of West Virginia|West Virginia]]
|-
|}

==See also==

((div col|colwidth=30em))
* [[Bible Belt]]
* [[Blue wall (U.S. politics)|Blue wall]]
* [[Bourbon Democrat]]
* [[Conservative Democrat]]
* [[Culture of the Southern United States]]
* [[Democrat In Name Only]]
* [[History of the Southern United States]]
* [[Left Coast]]
* [[Neo-Confederates]]
* [[Southern Democrats]]
* [[Tantamount to election]]
* [[Yellow dog Democrat]]
((div col end))

== Notes ==
((Notelist))

== References ==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* Feldman, Glenn (2015). ''The Great Melding: War, the Dixiecrat Rebellion, and the Southern Model for America's New Conservatism.'' Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
* Feldman, Glenn (2013). ''The Irony of the Solid South: Democrats, Republicans, and Race, 1864-1944.'' Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
* Frederickson, Kari A.  (2001). ''The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968.'' Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
* Grantham, Dewey W. (1992). ''The Life and Death of the Solid South.'' Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
* Herbert, Hilary A., et al. (1890). [https://archive.org/details/whysolidsouth00herb ''Why the Solid South? Or, Reconstruction and Its Results.''] Baltimore, MD: R. H. Woodward & Co.
* Sabato, Larry (1977). ''The Democratic Party Primary in Virginia: Tantamount to Election No Longer.'' Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.

((Regions of the United States))

[[Category:Electoral geography of the United States]]
[[Category:History of the Southern United States]]
[[Category:United States presidential elections terminology]]
[[Category:Politics of the Southern United States]]
[[Category:Democratic Party (United States)]]
[[Category:Politics of the United States]]
[[Category:White supremacy in the United States]]
[[Category:Political history of the United States]]
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