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Devuan
Devuan-logo.svg
Devuan 3 Xfce LiveDVD uname+issue.png
Devuan with its default XFCE desktop running on a virtual machine (2021-02)
DeveloperVeteran Unix Admins
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseMay 3, 2016; 6 years ago (2016-05-03)[1]
Latest release4.0.0[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 14 October 2021; 14 months ago (14 October 2021)
Repository
Package managerAPT (dpkg)
Platformsi386, amd64, ARM
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		Xfce
LicenseVarious open source licenses[note 1]
Official websitewww.devuan.org

Devuan is a fork of the Debian Linux distribution that uses sysvinit, runit or OpenRC instead of systemd.[3][4][5][6] Devuan aims to avoid "lock-in" by projects like systemd[7][8] and aims to maintain compatibility with other init systems to avoid detaching Linux from other Unix systems.[9]

History

With the release of Debian 8 some developers and users were alienated due to the project's adoption of systemd and subsequent removal of support for other existing init systems.[10] This decision prompted some Debian community members to start a fork of Debian without systemd.[11][7]

Instead of continuing the Debian practice of using Toy Story character names as release codenames,[12] Devuan aliases its releases using planet names. The first stable release shared the Debian 8 codename Jessie. However, the Devuan release was named for minor planet 10464.[13]

The first stable release of Devuan was published on May 25, 2017.[14][15][16]

Devuan 2.0.0 ASCII was released on June 9, 2018, and 2.1 ASCII was released on November 21, 2019. ASCII provides a choice of five different desktop environments at install time (XFCE, Cinnamon, KDE, LXQt, MATE), while many other window managers are available from the repositories. It also provides installation options for choosing between sysvinit and OpenRC for init, and between GRUB and LILO for the boot loader. Devuan maintains a modified version of the Debian expert text installer, which has the ability to install only free software if the user chooses, while the live desktop image also uses a custom graphical installer from Refracta, a derivative of Devuan.[17]

Devuan 3.0 Beowulf was released on June 3, 2020, based on Debian 10.4. Ppc64el has been added to the list of supported architectures. Runit is now available as an alternative init. Eudev and elogind are now used to replace some Systemd functionality.[18]

Devuan 4.0 Chimaera was released October 14, 2021. It is based on Debian Bullseye (11.1) with Linux kernel 5.10.

Packages

Devuan has its own package repository which mirrors upstream Debian,[19] with local modifications made only when needed to allow for init systems other than systemd. Devuan does not provide systemd in its repositories but still retains libsystemd0 until it has removed all dependencies.

Amprolla is the program used to merge Debian packages with Devuan packages. It downloads packages from Debian and merges changes to packages that Devuan overrides.[20]


Derivatives

In August 2022, Peppermint OS announced the release of Devuan-based ISO's, alongside their Debian-based ISO's.[21]

Version history

Version Codename Codebase Release date End of support
Old version, no longer maintained: 1 Jessie Debian 8 "Jessie" May 25, 2017 July 1, 2020
Older version, yet still maintained: 2 ASCII Debian 9 "Stretch" June 9, 2018 N/A
Older version, yet still maintained: 3 Beowulf Debian 10 "Buster" June 3, 2020 N/A
Current stable version: 4 Chimaera Debian 11 "Bullseye" October 14, 2021 N/A
Latest preview version of a future release: 5 Daedalus Debian 12 "Bookworm" N/A N/A
Future release: 6 Excalibur Debian 13 "Trixie" N/A N/A
unstable Ceres Debian "Sid" Rolling release
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Source:[22]

Notes

  1. ^ Due to Devuan being based on Debian, most (if not all) Open Source software is probably available under DFSG compatible licenses.

References

  1. ^ Devuan Beta Release
  2. ^ "Devuan Chimaera 4.0 stable release". 14 October 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  3. ^ Hoffman, Chris (3 December 2014). "Meet Devuan, the Debian fork born from a bitter systemd revolt". PCWorld. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ^ Larabel, Michael (28 November 2014). "Devuan: Debian Without Systemd". Phoronix. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  5. ^ Devuan Is Still Moving Along As A Debian Fork Without Systemd - Phoronix
  6. ^ Sharwood, Simon (1 December 2014). "systemd row ends with Debian getting forked". The Register. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Announcement of the Debian Fork". devuan.org. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  8. ^ "Debian Fork Newsletter Dec. 22, 2014". devuan.org. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  9. ^ Devuan - Init Freedom Campaign
  10. ^ Wise, Paul (25 April 2015). "Debian 8 'Jessie' released". debian-announce. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  11. ^ Stahie, Silviu (28 November 2014). "Fork Debian Project Announces the Systemd-less OS Devuan". Softpedia. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  12. ^ Debian FAQ Authors (1 May 2015). "What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?". The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Devuan GNU+Linux Release Codenames". 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Devuan Jessie 1.0.0 stable release (LTS)". devuan.org. Archived from the original on 2017-05-25.
  15. ^ DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 715, 5 June 2017
  16. ^ Devuan 1.0 Officially Released - Letting Debian Live Without Systemd - Phoronix
  17. ^ "Devuan GNU+Linux Free Operating System".
  18. ^ "Devuan Beowulf 3.0.0 Released: A GNU+Linux Debian Without Systemd". 3 June 2020.
  19. ^ "Devuan build system overview". Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  20. ^ "amprolla3".
  21. ^ "Peppermint OS Releases for 08-02-2022 – Peppermint OS". Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  22. ^ "Devuan releases".

External links

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