Cover of Fit For Life (1985 edition)

Fit for Life is a diet and lifestyle book series stemming from the principles of orthopathy. It is promoted mainly by the American writers Harvey and Marilyn Diamond.[1] The Fit for Life book series describes a fad diet which specifies eating only fruit in the morning, eating predominantly "live" and "high-water-content" food, and, if animal protein is eaten, avoiding combining it with complex carbohydrates.

While the diet has been praised for encouraging the consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, several other aspects of the diet have been disputed by dietitians and nutritionists,[1] and the American Dietetic Association and the American Academy of Family Physicians list it as a fad diet.[2]

Description

The diet is based on Diamond's exploration of Herbert M. Shelton theories of food combining. Both authors claimed to be able to bring about weight loss without the need to count calories or undertake anything more than a reasonable exercise program. In the first version of the program, Diamond claimed that if one eats the foods in the wrong combination they "cause fermentation" in the stomach. This in turn gives rise to the destruction of valuable enzymes and nutrients. Diamond categorized foods into two groups: "dead foods" that "clog" the body, and "living foods" that "cleanse" it. According to Fit for Life principles, dead foods are those that have highly refined or highly processed origins; while living foods are raw fruits and vegetables. The basic points of Fit for Life are as follows:[1]

In the 2000s, the Fit for Life system added the Personalized Fit for Life Weight Management Program, which employs proprietary protocols called Biochemical "Analyzation", Metabolic Typing and Genetic Predispositions. The Diamonds claim that these protocols allow the personalization of the diet, which thus customized is effective only for one individual, and can be used for that person's entire life. This version of the diet also puts less emphasis on "live" and "dead" foods, and instead talks of "enzyme deficient foods". The Diamonds posit that enzymes that digest proteins interfere with enzymes that digest carbohydrates, justifying some of the rules above. They also began to sell nutritional supplements, advertised as enzyme supplements, many of which are strongly recommended in the newest version of Fit for Life.[1]

Publications and marketing

The diet came to public attention in the mid-1980s with the publication of Fit for Life, a New York Times best seller[3][4] which sold millions of copies,[1][5] over 12 million according to Harvey Diamond.[6] Harvey Diamond has also appeared on dozens of television talk shows promoting his theories.[1] In Fit for Life II (1989) the Diamonds warned against eating artificial food additives such as hydrogenated vegetable oil, which at the time was being promoted by the food industry as a healthy alternative to saturated fat. Tony Robbins promoted the Fit for Life principles and veganism to increase energy levels in his book Unlimited Power.

Book series

Additional books by Marilyn Diamond

Controversy

Scientific reception

Health experts and science writers have dismissed the book as quackery.[7][8][9]

Credentials

The rigor of study underlying Harvey Diamond's credentials have been disputed, which has drawn questions about his competence to write about nutrition, because his doctoral degree came from the American College of Life Science, a non-accredited correspondence school founded in 1982 by T.C. Fry, who did not graduate high school or undergo a formal accreditation process himself. Fit for Life's personalized diet program has been criticized for providing a "Clinical Manual" that is heavily infused with alternative medicine claims about how the body works, some of which may be scientifically inaccurate or not accepted by conventional medicine.[1]

Clinical trials

Despite the fact that the Fit for Life web site mentioned "clinical trials", many of the proposed principles and benefits of the Fit for Life diet are not supported by citations to any scholarly research, and some of the claims have actually been directly refuted by scientific research. For example, a dissociated diet as that advertised by Fit for Life is as effective for weight loss as a calorie-restricted diet.[1][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Tish Davidson (2007). "Fit for Life diet". In Jacqueline L. Longe (ed.). The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and Nutrition. Thomson Gale. p. 383–385. ISBN 978-1-4144-2991-5.
  2. ^ "Healthy Food Choices". familydoctor.org. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  3. ^ "BEST SELLERS". The New York Times. January 5, 1986. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
  4. ^ McDowell, Edwin (January 6, 1988). "Best Sellers From 1987's Book Crop". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
  5. ^ Fein, Esther B. (February 1, 1993). "THE MEDIA BUSINESS: Publishing; Where literary lightning hits, book houses often hope for a second strike". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
  6. ^ Diamond, Harvey (November 17, 2003). Fit for life, not fat for life. HCI. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7573-0113-1.
  7. ^ Hines, Terence. (1988). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence. Prometheus Books. p. 254
  8. ^ Butler, Kurt. (1992). A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative Medicine": A Close Look at Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Faith-healing, and Other Unconventional Treatments. Prometheus Books. p. 14. ISBN 0-87975-733-7
  9. ^ "Fit For Life: Some Notes on the Book and Its Roots". Quackwatch.
  10. ^ Golay A, Allaz AF, Ybarra J, et al. (April 2000). "Similar weight loss with low-energy food combining or balanced diets". Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24 (4): 492–6. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801185. PMID 10805507.

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