The Indian Space Research Organisation has carried out 116 spacecraft missions, 86 launch missions[1] and planned several missions including[2] the Aditya, Gaganyaan and MOM 2.

Missions

These are all of the completed missions.

Lunar

Mission Name Start date End date Details
Chandrayaan programme Chandrayaan-1 22 October 2008 28 August 2009 Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation on 22 October 2008, and was operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The mission was a major boost to India's space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008.[3][4]
Chandrayaan-2 22 July 2019 Orbiter functional; the lander crashed onto Moon's surface due to loss of control during the final phase of descent. Chandrayaan-2 was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST (09:13 UTC) to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III). The planned orbit has a perigee of 169.7 km and an apogee of 45475 km. It consists of a lunar orbiter, lander and rover, all developed in India. The main scientific objective is to map the location and abundance of lunar water.

Interplanetary

Mission Name Start date End date Details
Mars Orbiter Mission 5 November 2013 2 October 2022 Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency. India is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt.[5][6]

Astronomy

Mission Name Start date End date Details
ASTROSAT 28 September 2015 completed in september 2022 ASTROSAT is the first dedicated Indian Astronomy satellite mission launched by ISRO on 28 September 2015, which enabled multi-wavelength observations of the celestial bodies and cosmic sources in X-ray and UV spectral bands simultaneously. It was in the Sun's orbit for 7 years. The scientific payloads cover the Visible (3500–6000 Å...), UV (1300–op Å...), soft and hard X-ray regimes (0.5–8 keV; 3–80 keV). The uniqueness of ASTROSAT lies in its wide spectral coverage extending over visible, UV, soft and hard X-ray regions.[7]

Planned missions

Mission name Expected launch Spacecraft Details
Aditya-L1 March 2023 (expected) Solar observation

Aditya-L1 is the first Indian observatory class mission to study the solar corona using a solar coronagraph and also chromosphere using near UV instrument. X-ray spectroscopic instruments will provide flare spectra while the in-situ payload observes the solar events during their passage from Sun to Earth. [8]

X-ray Polarimeter Satellite Q2 2023 Space observatory The X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is a ISRO planned space observatory to study polarization of cosmic X-rays. It is planned to be launched in 2022 on a Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) and to provide a service time of at least five years. XPoSat will study the 50 brightest known sources in the universe, including pulsars, black hole X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, and non-thermal supernova remnants.
Chandrayaan-3 July 2023[9] Lunar lander, rover Mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 with lander, rover, and a propulsion module to attempt a soft landing of the lunar surface.
Gaganyaan 1 mid-2023 Uncrewed spacecraft flight test Gaganyaan ("Orbital Vehicle") is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft (jointly made by ISRO and HAL) intended to be the basis of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capability. This will be the first of two flight tests prior to the inaugural crewed mission.
Gaganyaan 2 2023–2024 Uncrewed spacecraft flight test Second of two flight tests prior to the inaugural crewed mission.
NISAR January 2024 SAR satellite NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite to be used for remote sensing. It is notable for being the first dual-band radar imaging satellite.[10]
Gaganyaan 3 2024 Crewed spacecraft First crewed Gaganyaan mission. If successful, India would become the fourth country in the world (after the USA, Soviet Union and China) to independently send humans in space.
Shukrayaan-1 December 2024 Venus orbiter The Indian Venusian orbiter mission is a planned orbiter to Venus by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to study the atmosphere of Venus.
Mangalyaan 2 2024 Mars orbiter Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2) also called Mangalyaan 2 is India's second interplanetary mission planned for launch to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in the 2021–2022 time frame. It will consist of an orbiter, as said by ISRO chairman, K. Shivan in an interview, but chances are that it will also include a lander and a rover.[citation needed]
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 2025 Lunar lander, rover Lunar Polar Exploration Mission is a concept mission by JAXA and ISRO to explore the south pole region of the Moon in 2025. The mission concept has not yet been formally proposed for funding and planning.
AstroSat-2 TBD Space telescope AstroSat-2 is India's second dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, proposed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) as the successor of the current Astrosat-1 observatory. ISRO launched an 'Announcement of Opportunity in February 2018 requesting proposals from Indian scientists for ideas and the development of instruments for astronomy and astrophysics.

See also

References

  1. ^ "list of missions".
  2. ^ "India has recently launched Chandrayaan 2 in 2019". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 April 2015.[dead link]
  3. ^ "Chandrayaan-1".
  4. ^ "Chandrayaan-1". Archived from the original on 14 November 2007.
  5. ^ "Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft".
  6. ^ "Mars Orbiter Mission".
  7. ^ "PSLV Successfully Launches India's Multi Wavelength Space Observatory ASTROSAT". Archived from the original on 30 September 2015.
  8. ^ Marar, Anjali (28 April 2021). "ARIES to train next-generation solar scientists ahead of India's Aditya L1 mission". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  9. ^ "Delayed due to Covid-19, ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3 in third quarter of 2022". India Today. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  10. ^ "NISAR". nasa.com.

External links

Indian space programme
Indian spacecraft
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