On 18 March 1992, the 275th Guards Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade at Chișinău of the Soviet 60th Air Defense Corps, equipped with Surface-to-air missiles, became part of the Moldovan Air Force. Elements of the brigade served as air defense units in the Transnistria War.[1]
In April 1992, the Moldovan Air Force inherited the Mikoyan MiG-29-equipped 86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment at Mărculești Air Force Base from the Air Forces of the Black Sea Fleet.[2] Most of the regiment's non-Moldovan personnel, including all of its pilots and its commander, departed for their home countries after its transfer.[3] These were replaced by Moldovan personnel returning from service in the Soviet Armed Forces, among whom there were not many pilots, and even fewer pilots could fly MiG-29s. During the Transnistria War, on 22 June 1992, a flight of two MiG-29s bombed a bridge across the Dniester, connecting Bender and Parcani. None of the bombs directly hit the bridge, although the 14th Guards Army claimed that the bombs had caused civilian casualties and that their anti-aircraft fire downed one of the fighters. Moldova denied the loss, and Moldovan Air Force records show that all of the MiG-29s returned to the base after the mission.[4]
On 3 September 1993, the 275th Brigade was reorganized into the Dimitrie Cantemir Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade.[1]
In 1994 the Air Force consisted of 1,300 men organized into one fighter regiment, 1 helicopter squadron, and 1 missile brigade. They had 31 MiG-29 aircraft, 8 Mi-8 helicopters, 5 transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72), and 25 SA-3/SA-5 Gammonsurface-to-air missiles.[5]
On 23 December 1999, the mixed aviation brigade formed from the 86th Regiment in the late 1990s was reorganized into the Decebal Air Base.[2][4]
In 2006, Yemeni government reported it was ready to return its MiG-29s back to Moldova, from it acquired the aircraft back in 1994, as a exchange for the money paid and recognition of illegality of the deal.[7]
In 2007 the Air Force had been reduced to a strength of 1,040 men organized into one helicopter squadron, and one missile battalion. They had six MiG-29S aircraft, upgraded in Ukraine and stationed in Mărculeşti Air Base, 8 Mi-8 helicopters, 5 transport aircraft (including an Antonov An-72), and 12 SA-3surface-to-air missile.[citation needed]
In March 2010, the Moldovan Air Force signed an agreement with the Romanian Air Force regarding the exchange of information about military aircraft flights near the border, the exchange of radar data, the obligation to provide mutual support to military aircraft in distress and future joint operations.[8] By 2011, the Dimitrie Cantemir Brigade had become a regiment.[9]
In December 2010, Moldovan Defence Ministry announced it will auction its remaining six MiG-29s for an initial price 8.5$ million as the previous auction carried out in November failed due to the lack of purchasers.[10] As of 2022, the aircraft still have not been sold.
In February 2012, it was reported by Moldovan Defense Ministry eight planes and eight military transport helicopters will be purchased at the cost of US$240 million.[11]
During the first days of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine intended to buy Moldova's remaining six MiG-29Ss for the Ukrainian Air Force, however Moldova rejected the offer as it did not wish to undermine its relations with Russia.[12][13]
Moldova received approximately 34 MiG-29’s from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, proving too expensive to maintain, they were sold off to Eritrea, Yemen, and the United States.[17] Other unserviceable aircraft to be placed in storage consisted of the An-2, Tu-134, and some An-24’s.[18]
Under an agreement finalized on 10 October 1997, the United States acquired 14 MiG 29Cs, described by US officials as wired to permit delivery of nuclear weapons. Also, the United States purchased six MiG 29As, one MiG 29B, 500 air-to-air missiles and all the spare parts and diagnostic equipment present at the Moldovan Air Base where the aircraft were stationed. In return, Moldova received around $40,000,000, humanitarian assistance and non-lethal excess defense articles, such as trucks.[19] The purchase was not without its opponents in Moldova, and the then acting defense minister, Valeriu Pasat would later be charged for illegally selling the aircraft to the USA.[20] All of those MiG-29s were transported from Moldova to the National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in C-17 transport planes over a period of two weeks.[21]
In April 2022, some of the ex-Moldovan MiG-29s, bought by US in 1997, were reportedly donated to Ukrainian Air Force as a source of spare parts to compensate its fighter losses during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[22]
The National Air Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. A two-seat MiG-29UB is on display.[24]
2 MiG-29s are on display at Nellis AFB. One is at the outside of the Threat Training Facility[citation needed] and another, in better shape, inside a hangar alongside a MiG-23.[25]
One is currently stored in a restoration hangar at the National Museum of the United States Air Force near Dayton, Ohio. As of June 2007, the aircraft has been put in display at the Cold War Exhibit of the Museum and continues to receive minor upgrading while on display.[26][27]
^ abPavlov, Anton (10 September 2015). "Авиационная база "Дечебал"" [Decebal Air Base]. airforce.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Moldova
