Oryol Oblast | |
---|---|
Орловская область | |
Country | Russia |
Federal district | Central[1] |
Economic region | Central[2] |
Administrative center | Oryol |
Government | |
• Body | Oblast Council of People's Deputies |
• Governor | Alexander Kozlov[3] |
Area | |
• Total | 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi) |
• Rank | 70th |
Population (2010 Census)[5] | |
• Total | 786,935 |
• Estimate (2018)[6] | 747,247 (−5%) |
• Rank | 63rd |
• Density | 32/km2 (83/sq mi) |
• Urban | 65.5% |
• Rural | 34.5% |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [7]) |
ISO 3166 code | RU-ORL |
License plates | 57 |
OKTMO ID | 54000000 |
Official languages | Russian[8] |
Website | http://www.adm.orel.ru/ |
Oryol Oblast (Russian: Орло́вская о́бласть, Orlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: 786,935 (2010 Census).[5]
It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District, in the Central Russian Upland. Kaluga and Tula Oblasts border it to the north; Bryansk Oblast is located to the west; Kursk Oblast—to the south, and Lipetsk Oblast is to the east. From north to south, it extends for more than 150 kilometers (93 mi), and from west to east—for over 200 kilometers (120 mi). In terms of area, at 24,700 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi) it is one of the smallest federal subjects.[9]
The climate is temperate. The average January temperature is −8 °C (18 °F) and the average July temperature is +18 °C (64 °F). Rainfall averages 490 to 590 mm, and snow cover averages 126 days.
There are 4,800 square kilometers (1,900 sq mi) of black earth soils (chernozems) in the oblast, which amounts to three-quarters of the world chernozem reserves.[9]
In the 12th century, chronicles mention Mtsensk, known as Novosil than. Then modern Orlovschina was part of the Chernigov Principality. After the death of Mikhail of Chernigov Novosil Principality was formed on these territories. By the end of the 15th century it had disintegrated into four separate principalities, along with all the other fragments of the Chernigov principality became a part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 16th century, the fortress town of Oryol was founded, restored destroyed in the 13th century, Livny. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory of modern Oryol was the borderland of the Tsardom of Russia, there are many on the strengthening of large defense line. As the reduction of the threat posed by the Tatars, agricultural activity of the area had intensified. It was created in 1937 out of three other oblasts: Kursk Oblast, Western Oblast, and Voronezh Oblast. It also included present Bryansk Oblast between 1937-1944.
Head of Administration of the Orel region in 1993-2009 was Yegor Stroyev. Tunings led the region for more than 20 years. In 1985 he became the first secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU, and after three years (in 1989-1991 he worked as secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU), in 1991 he returned to Oryol, worked as the director of the Institute of Horticultural Crops Selection, and later was elected governor. On February 16, 2009 Russian President Dmitry Medvedev accepted the voluntary retirement Orel Governor Stroyev and nominated Alexander Kozlov to the ryl Regional Council of People's Deputies, which approved it.
Main article: Administrative divisions of Oryol Oblast |
The main industries in Oryol Oblast are the food and light industries, engineering and metalworking, and ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. The engineering and metalworking industries manufacture production equipment for various industries, forklift trucks, construction and agricultural equipment, and machinery for municipal services. Numerous companies in the instrument-making and electronics sectors maintain high scientific and technical potential with the latest high-end technologies and experienced specialists.[10]
Most of the oblast's agricultural land is used for plant cultivation. Grain growing is very important, with winter wheat and rye being the main crops. Buckwheat, oats, barley, and potatoes are also grown, and sugar beets are in great demand. The area planted in feed grains is increasing due to the expansion of livestock farming, which includes beef and dairy cattle farming, pig farming, sheep farming for meat and wool, poultry farming, and horse breeding.[11]
Population: 786,935 (2010 Russian census);[5] 860,262 (2002 Census);[12] 890,636 (1989 Soviet census).[13]
2009 - 1.45 | 2010 - 1.50 | 2011 - 1.43 |[15] 2012 - 1.55(e)
Ethnic composition (2010):[5]
According to a 2012 official survey,[17] 40.9% of the population of Oryol Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches, 1% to Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism), and 1% to Starovery (Old Believers). In addition, 34% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 9.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[17]