The term Lorraine Franconian has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the Moselle Franconian dialect spoken in the valley of the river Nied (in Pays de Nied whose largest town is Boulay-Moselle), to distinguish it from the other two Franconian dialects spoken in Lorraine, Luxembourgish to the west and Rhine Franconian to the east.[citation needed]
The German term Lothringisch refers to Rhine Franconian spoken in Lorraine.[2][3]
In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in Moselle and 41,795 speakers in Meurthe.[4]
In part due to the ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of speakers of Lorraine Franconian in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000[5] to 400,000[6] (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after Occitan and Alsatian).
The most reliable data comes from the Enquête famille carried out by INSEE (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 census, but they give a somewhat indirect picture of the current situation (see Languages in France for a discussion of this survey). Approximately 78,000 people were reported to speak Lorraine Franconian, but fewer than 50,000 passed basic knowledge of the language on to their children. Another statistic illustrating the same point is that of all adult men who used Franconian regularly when they were 5, less than 30% use (or used) the language regularly with their own children.[7]
^Joachim Herrgen, Lars Vorberger: Rheinfränkisch. In: Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt. Volume 30.4 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication) (HSK). Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 478ff., here p. 490: „Die Binnendifferenzierung des Rheinfränkischen unterscheidet Nordrheinfränkisch, Pfälzisch (mit mehreren Unterdifferenzierungen) und Lothringisch. [...] Das Lothringische ist derjenige Teilraum des Rheinfränkischen, der [...]“
^Helmut Glück, Michael Rödel (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 5th ed., J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart, 2016, p. 410 (Lothringisch mit Verweis auf Rheinfränkisch) & 568f. (Rheinfränkisch) with the following divisions:
In the first sense:
Rheinfränkisch
Pfälzisch
Westpfälzisch
Lothringisch
Ostpfältzisch
Südhessisch
In the second, traditional, broader sense:
Rheinfränkisch
Pfälzisch, with the same meaning as Rheinfränkisch in the first sense
Hessisch
Mittel-, Nieder-, Osthessisch
^Sébastien Bottin, Mélanges sur les langues, dialectes et patois, Paris, 1831.
[1] Auburtin, Éric. 2002. "Langues régionales et relations transfrontalières dans l’espace Saar-Lor-Lux". Hérodote 105, pp. 102–122.
[2] Héran, François, et al. 2002. "La dynamique des langues en France au fil du XXe siècle". Population et sociétés 376. Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
Hughes, Stephanie. 2005. Bilingualism in North-East France with specific reference to Rhenish Franconian spoken by Moselle Cross-border (or frontier) workers. In Preisler, Bent, et al., eds. The Consequences of Mobility: Linguistic and Sociocultural Contact Zones. Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde Universitetscenter: Institut for Sprog og Kultur. ISBN87-7349-651-0.
Kieffer, Jean-Louis. 2006. Le Platt Lorrain de poche. Assimil. ISBN2-7005-0374-0
External links
Redde-n-ìhr Plàtt ? — Historical, literary, and linguistic information (in French)
Gau un Griis — Association for the defense and promotion of Lorraine Franconian
