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((Short description|Arabic dialect of Syro-Mesopotamian Bedouin))
((More citations needed|date=August 2022))
((Infobox language
|name=Shawi Arabic
|nativename=
|altname=Šāwi Arabic
|states=
|speakers=
|date=
|ref=
| familycolor      = Afroasiatic
| fam2             = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]]
| fam3             = [[West Semitic languages|West Semitic]]
| fam4             = [[Central Semitic languages|Central Semitic]]
| fam5             = [[Arabic languages|Arabic]]
| fam6             = [[Mesopotamian Arabic|Mesopotamian]]
| fam7             = [[Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic|Gilit]]<ref name=Ahmed2018>((Cite thesis |title=Phonological variation and change in Mesopotamia: a study of accent levelling in the Arabic dialect of Mosul |url=http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/4345 |publisher=Newcastle University |date=2018 |degree=PhD |language=en |first=Abdulkareem Yaseen |last=Ahmed))</ref>
|listclass=hlist
|isoexception=dialect
|iso3=))
'''Shawi''' or '''Šāwi Arabic''' is the [[Arabic]] dialect of the sheep-rearing [[Bedouin]]s of Syro-Mesopotamia.<ref name=":0">((Cite journal |last1=Younes |first1=Igor |last2=Herin |first2=Bruno |date=2016-01-01 |title=Šāwi Arabic |url=https://www.academia.edu/30990026 |journal=Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Online Edition))</ref> The term ''Šāwi'' typically refers to the tribes living between the [[Tigris]] and the [[Euphrates]], but many tribes are also found elsewhere, such as northern [[Jordan]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], western [[Syria]], and [[Lebanon]].<ref name=":0" /> The dialect of the Arabs of [[Şanlıurfa Province|Urfa]] also belongs to the Šāwi-Bedouin group.<ref>((Cite web |last=Procházka |first=Stephan |date=2003-01-01 |title=The Bedouin Arabic Dialects of Urfa |url=https://www.academia.edu/2107409))</ref>

== Classification ==
Cantineau (1936) was the first classification the dialects of the sheep breeders of northern Arabia. He was the first to coin the terminology ‘petit-nomades’ (sheep breeders) and ‘grand-nomades’ (camel breeders). The Shawi dialects typically represent the ‘petit-nomades’ type.

The hallmark of Shawi dialects is the affrication of Old Arabic *k and *g (< *q) in front environments into č [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]] and ǧ [<nowiki/>[[Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]], respectively, as opposed to the north Arabian camel-breeder varieties, which exhibit ć [<nowiki/>[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]]] and ź [<nowiki/>[[Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]]].<ref name=":0" /> This feature is shared with [[Gulf Arabic]] dialects.

== History ==
Shawi tribes constitute the first recognized Bedouin migration wave from northern Arabia. Local traditions and some studies date their arrival to one millennium ago, although older migrations are likely for some clans.<ref name=":0" />

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants<ref name=":0" /> ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" |[[Dental fricative|Interdental]]
! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: 80%;"
!plain
![[Emphatic consonant|emph.]]
!plain
![[Emphatic consonant|emph.]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|((IPA link|m))
|
|
|((IPA link|n))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |[[Voiceless consonant|voiceless]]
|
|
|
|((IPA link|t))
|((IPA link|tˤ))
|((IPA link|t͡ʃ))
|((IPA link|k))
|(((IPA link|q)))
|
|((IPA link|ʔ))
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |[[Voiced consonant|voiced]]
|((IPA link|b))
|
|
|((IPA link|d))
|
|((IPA link|d͡ʒ))
|((IPA link|ɡ))
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |[[Voiceless consonant|voiceless]]
|((IPA link|f))
|((IPA link|θ))
|
|((IPA link|s))
|((IPA link|sˤ))
|((IPA link|ʃ))
|((IPA link|x))
|
|((IPA link|ħ))
|((IPA link|h))
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |[[Voiced consonant|voiced]]
|
|((IPA link|ð))
|((IPA link|ðˤ))
|((IPA link|z))
|(((IPA link|zˤ)))
|
|((IPA link|ɣ))
|
|((IPA link|ʕ))
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]/[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|
|((IPA link|ɾ)) ~ ((IPA link|r))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
|
|((IPA link|l))
|
|((IPA link|j))
|((IPA link|w))
|
|
|
|}

=== Vowels<ref name=":0" /> ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|((IPA link|i)) ((IPA link|iː))
|
|((IPA link|u)) ((IPA link|uː))
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|((IPA link|eː))
|
|((IPA link|oː))
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|((IPA link|a)) ((IPA link|aː))
|
|}

==References==
((Reflist))

((Arabic language))
((Arabic-lang-stub))
[[Category:Arabic language]]

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawi_Arabic"