Voiceless uvular plosive | |
---|---|
q | |
IPA Number | 111 |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | q |
Unicode (hex) | U+0071 |
X-SAMPA | q |
Braille | ![]() |
The voiceless uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like a voiceless velar plosive [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨q⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q
.
There is also the voiceless pre-uvular plosive[1] in some languages, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical uvular consonant, though not as front as the prototypical velar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨q̟⟩ or ⟨q˖⟩ (both symbols denote an advanced ⟨q⟩) or ⟨k̠⟩ (retracted ⟨k⟩). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are q_+
and k_-
, respectively.
Features of the voiceless uvular stop:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abaza | хъацӀа/kh"atsḥa | [qat͡sʼa] | 'man' | ||
Adyghe | атакъэ/ataq"ė | ![]() |
'rooster' | ||
Aleut[2] | ҟи́гаҟъ / qiighax̂ | [qiːɣaχ] | 'grass' | ||
Arabic | Modern Standard[3] | قط/qiṭṭ | ![]() |
'cat' | See Arabic phonology |
Hejazi | قِمَّة/qimma | [qɪmːa] | 'peak' | Allophone of /g/. See Hejazi Arabic phonology | |
Gulf[4] | غداً/qadun | [qədæn] | 'tomorrow' | Corresponds to /ɣ/ in other dialects. | |
Algerian | |||||
Assyrian | ܩܐ qa | [qa] | 'for' | Often realized as a tense /k/ rather than uvular /q/. | |
Archi | хъал/kh"àl | [qaːl] | 'human skin' | ||
Avá-Canoeiro[5] | [ˈqɔːtõ] | 'this' | Possible realisation of /k/. In the speech of people aged 40 to 80 years, the consonant is in free variation with [qˤ], [qʰ] and [k] in post-tonic or primarily or secondarily stressed syllables.[5] | ||
Bashkir | ҡаҙ / qað | ![]() |
'goose' | ||
Chechen | кхоъ / qo’ | [qɔʔ] | 'three' | ||
Chukchi | Нычымйыӄэн | [nət͡ʃəmjəqen] | 'bitter' | ||
Dawsahak | [qoq] | 'dry' | |||
English | Australian[6] | caught | [ḵʰoːt] | 'caught' | Pre-uvular; allophone of /k/ before /ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə/.[6] See Australian English phonology |
Multicultural London[7][8] | cut | [qʌt] | 'cut' | Allophone of /k/ before non-high back vowels.[8][9] | |
Non-local Dublin[10] | back | [bæq] | 'back' | Allophone of /k/ after /æ/ for some speakers.[10] | |
Eyak | g̣u.jih | [quːtʃih] | 'wolf' | ||
German | Chemnitz dialect[11] | Rock | [qɔkʰ] | 'skirt' | In free variation with [ʁ̞], [ʁ], [χ] and [ʀ̥].[11] Does not occur in the coda.[11] |
Greenlandic | illoqarpoq | [iɬːoqɑppɔq] | 'he has a house' | See Greenlandic phonology | |
Hebrew | Biblical | קול/qol | [qol] | 'voice' | See Biblical Hebrew phonology |
Hungarian | korom | [qorom] | 'soot' | Possible allophone of /k/ before back vowels. See Hungarian phonology | |
Hindustani | Hindi | बर्क़/barq | [bərq] | 'lightning' | Mostly in loanwords from Arabic, pronounced mainly in Urdu - Hindi speakers usually pronounce it as a [k]. See Hindustani phonology |
Urdu | بَرق/barq | ||||
Inuktitut | ᐃᐦᐃᑉᕆᐅᖅᑐᖅ / ihipqiuqtuq’ | [ihipɢiuqtuq] | 'explore' | See Inuit phonology | |
Iraqw | qeet | [qeːt] | 'break' | ||
Kabardian | къэбэрдей/k"ėbėrdey | ![]() |
'Kabardian' | ||
Kabyle | ⵜⴰⵇⴲⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ | ![]() |
'Kabyle language' | May be voiced [ɢ]. | |
taqbaylit | |||||
ثاقبيليث | |||||
Kavalan | qaqa | [qaqa] | 'elder brother' | ||
Kazakh | Қазақстан/Qazaqstan | [qɑzɑqˈstɑn] | 'Kazakhstan' | An allophone of /k/ before back vowels | |
Kurdish (Sorani) | قوتابخانە/qutabxane | [qutɑbxɑnə] | 'School' | An allophone of /k/ before back vowels | |
Kurdish (Kurmanji) | Qalikdar | [qɑlɯkdɑr] | 'crustacean' | An allophone of /k/ before back vowels | |
Kyrgyz | Кыргызстан/Qırğızstan | [qɯrʁɯsˈstɑn] | 'Kyrgyzstan' | An allophone of /k/ before back vowels | |
Ket | қан | [qan] | 'begin' | ||
Klallam | qəmtəm | [qəmtəm] | 'iron' | ||
Kutenai | qaykiťwu | [qajkitʼwu] | 'nine' | ||
Lishan Didan | Urmi Dialect | אקלא/aqla | [aqlɑ] | 'foot, leg' | |
Malto | क़ान | [qa:n] | 'eye' | Corresponds to /x/ in other North Dravidian languages. | |
Nez Perce | ʔaw̓líwaaʔinpqawtaca | [ʔawˀɪlwaːʔinpqawtat͡sa] | 'I go to scoop him up in the fire' | ||
Nivkh | тяқр̆/tyaqrh | [tʲaqr̥] | 'three' | ||
Ossetian | Iron | Дзæуджыхъæу/dzæudžiq"æu | [ˈzə̹ʊ̯d͡ʒɪ̈qə̹ʊ̯] | 'Vladikavkaz' | |
Persian | قورباغه/qūrbaġe | [quːrbɒɣe] | 'frog' | See Persian phonology | |
Quechua[12] | qallu | [qaʎu] | 'tongue' | ||
Sahaptin | qu | [qu] | 'heavy' | ||
Seediq | Seediq | [ˈseˈʔediq] | 'Seediq' | ||
Seereer-Siin[13] | [example needed] | — | — | ||
Shor | қам | [qɑm] | 'shaman' | ||
Somali | qaab | [qaːb] | 'shape' | See Somali phonology | |
St’át’imcets | teq | [təq] | 'to touch' | ||
Tajik | қошуқ/qošuq | [qɔʃuq] | 'spoon' | ||
Tlingit | ghagw | [qɐ́kʷ] | 'tree spine' | Tlingit contrasts six different uvular stops | |
Tsimshian | gwildmḵa̱p'a | [ɡʷildmqɑpʼa] | 'tobacco' | ||
Turkmen | ak | [ɑ:q] | 'white' | Allophone of /k/ next to back vowels | |
Ubykh | [qʰɜ] | 'grave' | One of ten distinct uvular stop phonemes. See Ubykh phonology | ||
Uyghur | ئاق / aq | [ɑq] | 'white' | ||
Uzbek[14] | qo'l | [q̟oɫ] | 'arm' | Pre-uvular; sometimes realized as an affricate [q͡χ˖].[14] | |
Western Neo-Aramaic | Bakh'a | [example needed] | Pre-uvular, though in Ma'loula it is slightly more front. | ||
Ma'loula | [example needed] | ||||
Yup'ik | meq | [məq] | 'fresh water' | ||
Yukaghir | Northern | маарх/maarq | [maːrq] | 'one' | |
Southern | атахл/ataql | [ataql] | 'two' | ||
!Xóõ | ǀqháá | ![]() |
'to smoothe' |