Voiced uvular plosive | |||
---|---|---|---|
ɢ | |||
IPA Number | 112 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ɢ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0262 | ||
X-SAMPA | G\ | ||
Braille | ![]() ![]() | ||
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The voiced uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɢ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter g, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is G\
.
[ɢ] is a rare sound, even compared to other uvulars.[1] proposes a phonological explanation: uvular consonants normally involve a neutral or a retracted tongue root, whereas voiced stops often involve an advanced tongue root: two articulations that cannot physically co-occur. This leads many languages of the world to have a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] instead as the voiced counterpart of the voiceless uvular plosive. Examples are Inuit; several Turkic languages such as Uyghur and Yakut; several Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; several Mongolic languages such as Mongolian language and Kalmyk language as well as several Northeast Caucasian languages such as Ingush.
There is also the voiced pre-uvular plosive[2] in some languages, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical uvular plosive, though not as front as the prototypical velar plosive. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨ɢ̟⟩ (advanced ⟨ɢ⟩), ⟨ɡ̠⟩ or ⟨ɡ˗⟩ (both symbols denote a retracted ⟨ɡ⟩). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are G\_+
and g_-
, respectively.
Features of the voiced uvular stop:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | Sudanese | بقرة | [bɑɢɑrɑ] | 'cow' | Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology |
Yemeni[3] | قات | i | 'Khat' | Some dialects.[3] Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology | |
English | Australian[4] | gaudy | [ˈɡ̠oːɾi] | 'gaudy' | Pre-uvular; allophone of /ɡ/ before /ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə/.[4] See Australian English phonology |
Ket[5] | báŋquk | [baŋ˩˧ɢuk˧˩] | 'cave in the ground' |
Allophone of /q/ after /ŋ/.[5] | |
Kwak'wala | ǥilakas'la | [ɢilakasʔla] | 'thank you' | ||
Lishan Didan | Urmi Dialect | בקא/baqqa | [baɢːɑ] | 'frog' | Allophone of /q/ when between a vowel/sonorant and a vowel. |
Malto | तेंग़े | [t̪eɴɢe] | 'to tell' | Allophone of /ʁ/ after /ŋ/, /ʁ, ŋʁ/ is /h/ in Southern and Western dialects. | |
Mongolian | Монгол ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ |
[mɔɴɢɔ̆ɮ] | 'Mongolian' | Allophone of /g/ before back vowels, phonemic word-finally. | |
Nivkh | ньыӈ ӷан | [ɲɤŋ ɢæn] | 'our dog' | Allophone of /q/. | |
Persian | Iranian | قهوه | [ɢæhˈve] | 'coffee' | See Persian phonology. |
Somali | Muqdisho | [muɢdiʃɔ] | 'Mogadishu' | Allophone of /q/. See Somali phonology | |
Tabasaran | дугу | [d̪uɢu] | 'he' (ergative) | ||
Tlingit | ghooch | [ɢuːt͡ʃʰ] | 'hill' | In American orthography, the 'g' is underlined; in Canadian, it is followed by an 'h'. See Tlingit phonology | |
Tsakhur | къгяйэ | [ɢajɛ] | 'stone' | ||
Turkmen | gar | [ɢɑɾ] | 'snow' | An allophone of /ɡ/ next to back vowels | |
!Xóõ | [nǀɢɑɑ̃] | 'to be spread out' | |||
Xumi | Lower[6] | [ɢʶo˩˥] | 'to stew' | Slightly affricated; occurs only in a few words.[7] Corresponds to the cluster /Nɡ/ in Upper Xumi.[8] | |
Yanyuwa[9] | kuykurlu | [ɡ̠uɡ̟uɭu] | 'sacred' | Pre-uvular.[9] Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions |