Voiceless bilabial nasal
m̥
IPA Number114+402A
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAm_0
Braille⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)

The voiceless bilabial nasal (stop) is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨m̥⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced bilabial nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m_0.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial nasal:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Aleut[1] quhmax̂ [qum̥aχ] 'white' Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word.
Alutiiq keghmarluku [kəɡm̥aχluku] 'bite it repeatedly' Contrasts with voiced /m/.
Burmese[2] မှား/hma: [m̥á] 'false'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik[3] pisteḿun [ˈpistəm̥un] 'to the servant'
English RP[4] stop me [ˈstɒp͡m̥ mɪ] stop me
Estonian[5] lehm [ˈlehm̥] 'cow' Word-final allophone of /m/ after /t, s, h/.[5] See Estonian phonology
French prisme [pχism̥] 'prism' Allophone of word-final /m/ after voiceless consonants.[6] See French phonology
Hmong White Hmong Hmoob [m̥ɔ̃́] 'Hmong' Contrasts with voiced /m/. In Green Mong, it has merged with /m/.[7]
Icelandic kempa [cʰɛm̥pa] 'hero' Allophonic variation of /m/ before voiceless plosives. Minimally contrastive with /m/ before voiced plosives: kemba [cʰɛmpa] 'to comb'.[8] See Icelandic phonology
Jalapa Mazatec[9] hma [m̥a] 'black' Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized bilabial nasal.
Kildin Sami[10] лēӎӎьк/ljeehmhmk [lʲeːm̥ʲːk] 'strap'
Muscogee camhcá:ka [t͡ʃəm̥t͡ʃɑːɡə] 'bell' Allophone of /m/ before /h/ when in the same syllable.[11]
Ukrainian[12] ритм/rytm [rɪt̪m̥] 'rhythm' Word-final allophone of /m/ after voiceless consonants.[12] See Ukrainian phonology
Washo[13] Mášdɨmmi [ˈm̥aʃdɨmmi] 'he's hiding'
Welsh[14] fy mhen [və m̥ɛn] 'my head' Occurs as the nasal mutation of /p/. See Welsh phonology
Xumi Lower[15] [m̥ɛ̃˦] 'medicine' Contrasts with the voiced /m/.[15][16]
Upper[16]
Yi[17] ꂓ hmi [m̥i] 'name'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bergsland (1997).
  2. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  3. ^ Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
  4. ^ Wells (1982), p. 282.
  5. ^ a b Asu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
  6. ^ Walter (1977), p. 35.
  7. ^ Ratliff (2003), p. 24.
  8. ^ Jessen & Pétursson (1998), p. 44.
  9. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 107.
  10. ^ Kuruch (1985:529)
  11. ^ Martin (2011), p. 64.
  12. ^ a b Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 6.
  13. ^ Jacobsen (1964), p. 54.
  14. ^ Jones (1984:51)
  15. ^ a b Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
  16. ^ a b Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.
  17. ^ Gerner (2013), p. 21, 25.

References

External links

International Phonetic Alphabet (chart)
Categories