Voiceless retroflex plosive | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʈ | |||
IPA Number | 105 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʈ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0288 | ||
X-SAMPA | t` | ||
Braille | ![]() ![]() | ||
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The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.
The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ʈ⟩. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but ⟨ʈ⟩ is distinguished from ⟨t⟩ by extending the hook below the baseline.
Features of the voiceless retroflex stop:
Language | Word | IPA | Translation | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangla[1] | টাকা | [ʈaka] | 'taka' | Apical postalveolar;[1] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology | |||
Brahui | سىٹ | [asiʈ] | 'one' | ||||
English | Indian dialects | time | [ʈaɪm] | 'time' | Corresponds to alveolar /t/ in other dialects. See English phonology | ||
Gujarati[2] | ઠંડી | [ʈʰaɳɖiː] | 'cold' | Subapical;[2] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology | |||
Hindustani[3][4] | Hindi | टोपी | [ʈoːpiː] | 'hat' | Apical postalveolar | Contrasts with aspirated form <ठ>.[4] | See Hindustani phonology |
Urdu | ٹوپی | Contrasts with aspirated form <ٹھ>.[4] | |||||
Hmong | raus | [ʈàu] | 'immerse in liquid' | Contrasts with aspirated form (written ⟨rh⟩). | |||
Iwaidja | yirrwartbart | [jiɺwɑʈbɑʈ] | 'taipan' | ||||
Javanese | bathang | [baʈaŋ] | 'cadaver' | ||||
Kannada | ತಟ್ಟು | [t̪ʌʈːu] | 'to tap' | Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |||
Lo-Toga | Lo dialect[5] | dege | [ʈəɣə] | 'we (incl.)' | Laminal retroflex. | ||
Malayalam | കാട്ട് | [kaːʈːɨ̆] | 'wild' | Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. | |||
Marathi[2] | बटाटा | [bəʈaːʈaː] | 'potato' | Subapical;[2] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology | |||
Mutsun | TiTkuSte | [ʈiʈkuʃtɛ] | 'torn' | ||||
Nepali | टोली | [ʈoli] | 'team' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology | |||
Norwegian | kort | [kɔʈː] | 'card' | See Norwegian phonology | |||
Nunggubuyu[6] | rdagowa | [ʈakowa] | 'prawn' | ||||
Odia | ଟଗର/ṭagara | [ʈɔgɔrɔ] | 'crepe jasmine' | Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. | |||
Pashto | ټول | [ʈol] | 'all' | ||||
Punjabi | Gurmukhi | ਟੋਪੀ | [ʈoːpi] | 'hat' | |||
Shahmukhi | ٹوپی | ||||||
Sicilian | latru | [ˈlaʈɽu] | 'thief' | ||||
Scottish Gaelic | Some Hebridean dialects[7] | árd | [aːʈ] | 'high' | Corresponds to the sequence /rˠt/ in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | ||
Swedish[8] | karta | [ˈkʰɑːʈa] | 'map' | See Swedish phonology | |||
Tamil[2][9] | எட்டு | [eʈːɯ] | 'eight' | Subapical.[2] See Tamil phonology | |||
Telugu | కొట్టు | [koʈːu] | 'to hit or beat' | Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |||
Torwali[10] | ٹىىےل | [ʈijɛl̥] | 'words' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||
Vietnamese | Southern dialects[11] | bạn trả | [ɓa˧˨ʔɳˀ ʈa˧˩˧] | 'you pay' | May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology | ||
Welayta | [ʈaza] | 'dew' |