This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Voiceless retroflex plosive" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Voiceless retroflex plosive
ʈ
IPA Number105
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʈ
Unicode (hex)U+0288
X-SAMPAt`
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)

The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.

Transcription

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ʈ . Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but ʈ is distinguished from t by extending the hook below the baseline.

Features

Features of the voiceless retroflex stop:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Translation Notes
Bengali[1] টাকা [ʈaka] 'taka' Apical postalveolar;[1] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Brahui سىٹ [asiʈ] 'one'
Sylheti ꠐꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠤ [ʈulli] 'skull' contains tonal pronunciation. [2] To know more look for Sylheti phonology
English time [ʈaɪm] 'time' Corresponds to alveolar /t/ in other dialects. See English phonology
Gujarati[3] ટાકા [bəʈaːka] 'potato' Subapical;[3] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology
Hindustani[4][5] टोपी [ʈoːpiː] 'hat' Apical postalveolar
ٹوپی
Hmong raus [ʈàu] 'immerse in liquid' Contrasts with aspirated form (written ⟨rh⟩).
Iwaidja yirrwartbart [jiɺwɑʈbɑʈ] 'taipan'
Javanese bathang [baʈaŋ] 'cadaver'
Kannada ತಟ್ಟು [t̪ʌʈːu] 'to tap' Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Lo-Toga dege [ʈəɣə] 'we (incl.)' Laminal retroflex.
Malayalam കാട്ട് [kaːʈːɨ̆] 'wild' Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
Marathi[3] बटाटा [bəʈaːʈaː] 'potato' Subapical;[3] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Mutsun TiTkuSte [ʈiʈkuʃtɛ] 'torn'
Nepali टोली [ʈoli] 'team' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian kort [kɔʈː] 'card' See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu[6] rdagowa [ʈakowa] 'prawn'
Odia ଗର/ṭagara [ʈɔgɔrɔ] 'crepe jasmine' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
Pashto ټول [ʈol] 'all'
Punjabi ਟੋਪੀ [ʈoːpi] 'hat'
ٹوپی
Sicilian latru [ˈlaʈɽu] 'thief'
Scottish Gaelic árd [aːʈ] 'high' Corresponds to the sequence /rˠt/ in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Swedish[7] karta [ˈkʰɑːʈa] 'map' See Swedish phonology
Tamil[3][8] எட்டு [eʈːɯ] 'eight' Subapical.[3] See Tamil phonology
Telugu కొట్టు [koʈːu] 'to hit or beat' Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Torwali[9] ٹىىےل [ʈijɛl̥] 'words' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Vietnamese bạn tr [ɓa˧˨ʔɳˀ ʈa˧˩˧] 'you pay' May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology
Welayta [ʈaza] 'dew'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Mazumdar (2000:57)
  2. ^ Wright, Tony (2002), "Doing language awareness", Language in Language Teacher Education, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 113–130, retrieved 2023-07-11
  3. ^ a b c d e f Khatiwada (2009:374)
  4. ^ Ladefoged (2005:141)
  5. ^ Tiwari (2004:?)
  6. ^ Ladefoged (2005:158)
  7. ^ Eliasson (1986:278–279)
  8. ^ Keane (2004:111)
  9. ^ Lunsford (2001:11–16)

References