Voiceless palatal lateral fricative | |
---|---|
ʎ̝̊ | |
𝼆 | |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | ʎ̥˔ |
Unicode (hex) | U+028E U+0325 U+02D4 |
Voiceless palatal lateral approximant | |
---|---|
ʎ̥ | |
IPA Number | 157 402A |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | L_0 |
The voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages.
This sound is somewhat rare; Dahalo has both a palatal lateral fricative and an affricate; Hadza has a series of affricates. In Bura, it is the realization of palatalized /ɬʲ/ and contrasts with [ʎ].
The IPA proper has no dedicated symbol for this sound. The devoicing and raising diacritics may be used to transcribe it: ⟨ʎ̝̊⟩. However, the extIPA has the expected letter ⟨𝼆⟩:
⟨𝼆⟩ was added to Unicode in 2021.
If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative may be transcribed as ⟨ɬ̠ʲ⟩ (retracted and palatalized ⟨ɬ⟩) or ⟨ʎ̝̊˖⟩ (devoiced, advanced and raised ⟨ʎ⟩); these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are K_-_j
or K_-'
and L_0_+_r
, respectively. A non-IPA letter ⟨ȴ̊˔⟩ (devoiced and raised ⟨ȴ⟩ can be used, which is an ordinary "l", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ⟨ɕ, ʑ⟩).
Some scholars also posit the voiceless palatal lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʎ̥⟩.
Features of the voiceless palatal lateral fricative:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bura[1] | [example needed] | Contrasts with [ɬ] and [ɮ].[1] | |||
Dahalo | [ʎ̝̊aːbu] | 'leaf' | Contrasts with [ɬ] and [ɬʷ] | ||
Faroese[2] | kjálki | [ˈt͡ʃʰaʎ̥t͡ʃɪ] | 'jaw' | Allophone of /l/.[2] See Faroese phonology | |
Inupiaq[3] | sikł̣aq | [sikʎ̝̊˖ɑq] | 'pickaxe' | Alveolo-palatal;[3] also described as an approximant.[4] Contrasts with voiceless /ɬ/ and voiced /ʎ/ and /l/. | |
nuiŋił̣ł̣uni | [nuiŋiʎ̝̊˖ːuni] | 'because it did not appear' | |||
Kumeyaay[5] | kałyəxwiiw | [kɑʎ̝̊əxʷeːw] | 'skunk' | Rare in word-initial position.[5] Contrasts with voiceless /ɬ/ and voiced /ʎ/ and /l/. | |
Norwegian | Trondheim subdialect of Trøndersk[6] | alt | [ɑʎ̥c] | 'everything, all' | Allophone of /ʎ/ before /c/.[6] See Norwegian phonology |
Some subdialects of Trøndersk[6] | tatle | [tɑʎ̥] | 'acting silly' | According to some scholars,[7][8] it is a phoneme that contrasts with /ʎ/ (as in /tɑʎ/ 'softwood'.)[6] See Norwegian phonology | |
Turkish[9] | dil | [ˈd̪il̠̊ʲ] | 'tongue' | Devoiced allophone of alveolo-palatal /l/, frequent finally and before voiceless consonants.[9] See Turkish phonology | |
Xumi | Lower[10] | [ʎ̥˖o˦] | 'spirit' | Described as an approximant. Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiced /ʎ/.[10][11] | |
Upper[11] | [ʎ̥˖ɛ˦] | 'flavorless' |