Voiceless retroflex affricate | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʈʂ | |||
tʂ | |||
ꭧ | |||
IPA Number | 105 (136) | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʈ͡ʂ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0288 U+0361 U+0282 | ||
X-SAMPA | ts` | ||
|
The voiceless retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʈ͡ʂ⟩, sometimes simplified to ⟨tʂ⟩ or ⟨ꭧ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts`
The affricate occurs in a number of languages:
Features of the voiceless retroflex affricate:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adyghe | чъыгы | i | 'tree' | ||
Asturian | Some dialects[1][2] | ḷḷobu | [ʈ͡ʂoβu] | 'wolf' | Corresponds to standard /ʎ/. |
Belarusian | пачатак | [paʈ͡ʂatak] | 'the beginning' | Laminal. See Belarusian phonology | |
Chinese | Mandarin[3] | 中文 / Zhōngwén | i | 'Chinese language' | Apical.[4] Contrasts with aspirated form. See Mandarin phonology |
Khanty | Eastern dialects | ҷӓңҷ | [ʈ͡ʂaɳʈ͡ʂ] | 'knee' | Corresponds to a voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ in the northern dialects. |
Southern dialects | |||||
Mapudungun | trafoy | [ʈ͡ʂa.ˈfoj] | 'it got broken' | Contrasts with a voiceless postalveolar affricate: chafoy [t͡ʃa.ˈfoj] 'he/she coughed' | |
Northern Qiang | zhes | [ʈ͡ʂəs] | 'day before yesterday' | Contrasts with aspirated and voiced forms. | |
Polish | Standard[5][6] | czas | i | 'time' | Laminal. Transcribed /t͡ʃ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology |
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects[7] | cena | [ˈʈ͡ʂɛn̪ä] | 'price' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /ʈ͡ʂ/ and /t͡s/ into [t͡s]. | |
Suwałki dialect[8] | |||||
Quechua | Cajamarca–Cañaris | chupa | [ʈ͡ʂupə] | 'tail' | |
Russian | лу́чше / luchshe | i | 'better' | ||
Serbo-Croatian[9] | чеп / čep | [ʈ͡ʂe̞p] | 'cork' | Apical. It may be palato-alveolar instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Silesian | szczopek | [ʂʈ͡ʂopɛk] | 'pike' | ||
Slovak[10] | čakať | [ˈʈ͡ʂäkäc] | 'to wait' | Laminal. | |
Torwali[11] | ڇووو | [ʈ͡ʂuwu] | 'to sew' | Contrasts with aspirated form. | |
Vietnamese | trà | [ʈ͡ʂaː˨˩] | 'tea' | Some speakers. | |
Yi | ꍈ / zha | [ʈ͡ʂa˧] | 'a bit' | Contrasts with aspirated form. |