Voiceless retroflex affricate | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʈʂ | |||
IPA Number | 105 (136) | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʈ͡ʂ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0288 U+0361 U+0282 | ||
X-SAMPA | ts` | ||
|
The voiceless retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨t̠͡ʂ⟩, sometimes simplified to ⟨tʂ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts`
. Its apical variant is ⟨ʈ̺͡ʂ̺⟩ and laminal variant ⟨ʈ̻͡ʂ̻⟩.
The affricate occurs in a number of languages:
Features of the voiceless retroflex affricate:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adyghe | чъыгы | 'tree' | |||
Asturian | Some dialects[1][2] | ḷḷobu | [t̠͡ʂoβu] | 'wolf' | Corresponds to standard /ʎ/. |
Belarusian | пачатак | [pat̠͡ʂatak] | 'the beginning' | Laminal. See Belarusian phonology | |
Chinese | Mandarin[3] | 中文 / Zhōngwén | 'Chinese language' | Apical.[4] Contrasts with aspirated form. See Mandarin phonology | |
Khanty | Eastern dialects | ҷӓңҷ | [t̠͡ʂaɳt̠͡ʂ] | 'knee' | Corresponds to a voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ in the northern dialects. |
Southern dialects | |||||
Mapudungun | trafoy | [t̠͡ʂa.ˈfoj] | 'it got broken' | Contrasts with a voiceless postalveolar affricate: chafoy [t͡ʃa.ˈfoj] 'he/she coughed' | |
Northern Qiang | zhes | [t̠͡ʂəs] | 'day before yesterday' | Contrasts with aspirated and voiced forms. | |
Polish | Standard[5][6] | czas | 'time' | Laminal. Transcribed /t͡ʃ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology | |
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects[7] | cena | [ˈt̠͡ʂɛn̪ä] | 'price' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /t̠͡ʂ/ and /t͡s/ into [t͡s]. | |
Suwałki dialect[8] | |||||
Quechua | Cajamarca–Cañaris | chupa | [t̠͡ʂupə] | 'tail' | |
Russian | лу́чше / luchshe | 'better' | |||
Serbo-Croatian[9] | чеп / čep | [t̠͡ʂe̞p] | 'cork' | Apical. It may be palato-alveolar instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Silesian | szczopek | [ʂt̠͡ʂopɛk] | 'pike' | ||
Slovak[10] | čakať | [ˈt̠͡ʂäkäc] | 'to wait' | Laminal. | |
Torwali[11] | ڇووو | [t̠͡ʂuwu] | 'to sew' | Contrasts with aspirated form. | |
Vietnamese | trà | [t̠͡ʂaː˨˩] | 'tea' | Some speakers. | |
Yi | ꍈ / zha | [t̠͡ʂa˧] | 'a bit' | Contrasts with aspirated form. |