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Uvular ejective stop
IPA Number111 + 401
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)q​ʼ
Unicode (hex)U+0071 U+02BC
X-SAMPAq_>

The uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .

Features

Features of the uvular ejective:

Occurrence

One ejective
A single plain uvular ejective is found in almost all Northeast Caucasian languages, all South Caucasian languages, and some Athabaskan languages, as well as Itelmen, Quechua and Aymara.

Two ejectives
Most Salishan languages, the Tlingit language, and Adyghe and Kabardian (Northwest Caucasian) demonstrate a two-way contrast between labialised and plain uvular ejectives.

The Akhvakh language appears to have a contrast between lax and tense uvular ejectives: [qʼaː] soup, broth (lax) vs. [qːʼama] cock's comb (tense).

Three ejectives

Five ejectives

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abaza къапщы/apśə [qʼapɕə] 'red'
Abkhaz аҟаԥшь/aapš [aqʼapʃ]
Adyghe Hakuchi къӏэ/e [qʼa]  'hand' Dialectal. Corresponds to [ʔ] in other dialects.
Archi къам/am [qʼam] 'forelock'
Azeri North dialects qədim [qʼæd̪i̞m] 'ancient'
Batsbi არ/ar [qʼar] 'rain'
Chechen къийг/iyg [qʼiːg] 'crow'
Georgian[1] ვავილი/vavili [qʼvɑvili] 'flower'
Haida qqayttas [qʼajtʼas] 'basket'
Laz ოროფონი/mqoroponi [mqʼɔrɔpʰɔni] 'loving'
Lushootseed il̕bid [qʼil̰bid] 'canoe'
Mingrelian ორტაფუ/orṭapu [ɔrtʼqʼapʰu] 'belt'
Quechua q'illu [qʼɛʎʊ] 'yellow'
Svan ინტ/č̣inṭ [t͡ʃʼqʼintʼ] 'boy'
Tlingit k̲ʼateil [qʼʌtʰeːɬ]  ‘pitcher’
Ubykh ee/ɜɜ [qʼɜqʼɜ] '(s)he said it' or '(s)he said

See also

References

  1. ^ Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006). "Standard Georgian" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 36 (2): 255–264. doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659. ISSN 1475-3502.