Voiced retroflex fricative | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʐ | |||
IPA Number | 137 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʐ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0290 | ||
X-SAMPA | z` | ||
Braille | ![]() ![]() | ||
|
The voiced retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʐ ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z`
. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a z (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant).
Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant:
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ʐ̺] and laminal [ʐ̻].
The commonality of [ʐ] cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages[1]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz | абжа | [ˈabʐa] | 'half' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
Adyghe | жъы | ![]() |
'old' | Laminal. | |
Awetí[2] | [pɨtiˈʐɨk˺] | 'to pray' | Diachronically related to [ɾ] and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for [ɾ] where there is [ʐ] now, this sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in waurá.[2] | ||
Chinese | Mandarin | 肉/ròu | ![]() |
'meat' | May also be a retroflex approximant [ɻ]. See Mandarin phonology |
Faroese | renn | [ʐɛn] | 'run' | ||
Lower Sorbian[3][4] | Łužyca | [ˈwuʐɨt͡sa] | 'Lusatia' | ||
Mapudungun[5] | rayen | [ʐɜˈjën] | 'flower' | May be [ɻ] or [ɭ] instead.[5] | |
Marrithiyel | Marri Tjevin dialect | [wiˈɲaʐu] | 'they are laughing' | Voicing is non-contrastive. | |
Mehináku[6] | [ɨˈʐũte] | 'parrot' | Resulted from the voicing of /ʂ/ in between vowels.[6] | ||
Pashto | Southern dialect | تږى | [ˈtəʐai] | 'thirsty' | See Pashto phonology |
Polish | Standard[7] | żona | ![]() |
'wife' | Also represented orthographically by ⟨rz⟩ and when written so, it can be instead pronounced as the raised alveolar non-sonorant trill by few speakers.[8] It is transcribed as /ʒ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology |
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects[9] | zapłacił | [ʐäˈpwät͡ɕiw] | 'he paid' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /ʐ/ and /z/ into [z] (see Szadzenie). | |
Suwałki dialect[10] | |||||
Romagnol | diṣ | [ˈdiːʐ] | 'ten' | Apical; may be [z̺ʲ] or [ʒ] instead. | |
Russian[7] | жена | ![]() |
'wife' | See Russian phonology | |
Serbo-Croatian | жут / žut | [ʐûːt̪] | 'yellow' | Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Slovak[11] | žaba | [ˈʐäbä] | 'frog' | ||
Spanish | Andean | marrón, ratón | [maˈʐon], [ʐa'ton] | 'brown', 'mouse' | |
Swedish | Central dialects | fri | [fʐi] | 'free' | Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as [r] or [ɾ]. See Swedish phonology |
Tilquiapan Zapotec[12] | ? | [ʐan] | 'bottom' | ||
Torwali[13] | ݜوڙ | [ʂuʐ] | 'straight' | ||
Ubykh | [ʐa] | 'firewood' | See Ubykh phonology | ||
Ukrainian | жaбa | [ˈʐɑbɐ] | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
Upper Sorbian | Some dialects[14][15] | [example needed] | Used in dialects spoken in villages north of Hoyerswerda; corresponds to [ʒ] in standard language.[3] See Upper Sorbian phonology | ||
Yi | ꏜ ry | [ʐʐ̩˧] | 'grass' |
Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | |
---|---|
ɻ̝ | |
ɻ˔ | |
IPA Number | 152 429 |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | r\`_r |
Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Eastern Cape[16] | red | [ɻ˔ed] | 'red' | Apical; typical realization of /r/ in that region.[16] See South African English phonology |