Voiceless velar lateral affricate | |
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k𝼄 | |
kʟ̝̊ | |
Audio sample | |
The voiceless velar lateral affricate is a relatively uncommon speech sound found as a phoneme in the Caucasus and as an allophone in several languages of eastern and southern Africa. In strict IPA, it needs to be transcribed with diacritics, but a proper letter exists in extIPA: ⟨k͜𝼄⟩.
Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has two such affricates, plain [k𝼄] and labialized [k𝼄ʷ], though they are further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called prevelar. Archi also has ejective variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates.[1]
Zulu and Xhosa have a voiceless lateral affricate as an allophone of their voiceless velar affricate. Hadza has an ejective velar lateral affricate as an allophone of its velar ejective affricate. Indeed, in Hadza this [k͜𝼄ʼ] contrasts with a palatal lateral ejective affricate, [c͜𝼆ʼ]. ǁXegwi is reported to have contrasted velar /k͜𝼄/ from alveolar /t͜ɬ/.
Laghuu, a Loloish language of Vietnam, contrasts four velar lateral affricates, /k͡𝼄ʰ, k͡𝼄, ɡ͡ʟ̝, ᵑɡ͡ʟ̝/.
Features of the voiceless velar lateral affricate:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Archi[1] | лӀон/ƛon | [k͜𝼄on] | 'a flock' | Pre-velar.[1] |
Bezhta | [example needed] |