![]() Socialist International logo | |
![]() Countries in which SI member parties were the government or part of a coalition government as at July 2012 | |
Abbreviation | SI |
---|---|
Predecessor | Labour and Socialist International |
Formation | June 3, 1951 |
Type | INGO |
Purpose | Strengthen relations between the affiliated parties and to coordinate their political attitudes and activities.[1] |
Headquarters | Maritime House, Old Town, Clapham |
Location | |
Region served | Worldwide |
Membership | 161[2] |
President | George Papandreou[3] |
Secretary General | Luis Ayala[3] |
Main organ | Congress of the Socialist International |
Budget | GBP 1.4 million (2011)[4] |
Website | www |
The Socialist International (SI) is a worldwide association of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism.[1] It consists of democratic socialist, social democratic and labour political parties and other organisations.
Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International it has antecedents to the late 19th Century. Initially dominated by parties from Western Europe, it has grown to include more than 160 member parties from more than 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries including most of Europe. The Party of European Socialists, a European political party is an associated organisation of the SI, as is its European parliamentary group, the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.
The current secretary-general of the SI is Luis Ayala (Chile), who has held the post since 1989.[3] The current president of the SI is the former Prime Minister of Greece George Papandreou.[3]
The International Workingmen's Association (the First International) was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class.[5] It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions.[6] Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.[7] The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties.[8] Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916.
International Socialist Commission (ISC, also known as Berne International) was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Berne by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International.[9] In March 1919 communist parties formed Comintern (the Third International) at a meeting in Moscow.[10] Parties which did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International/Vienna Union/Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna.[11] The ISC and the IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg.[12] The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940. The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.[13]
During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975). Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America.[14] In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose left-wing government had incited enmity from the United States.
In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East-West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALTII, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C. with President Jimmy Carter and Vice-President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.[15]
Since then, the SI has admitted as member parties not only the FSLN but also the left-wing Puerto Rican Independence Party, as well as former Communist parties such as the Democrats of the Left of Italy and the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO).
Following the Tunisian revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011.[16] Later that month, the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled.[17] As a result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011.[18] However, according to section 5.1.3 of the statutes of the Socialist International, an expulsion requires a decision of Congress by a majority of two-thirds.[19]
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Type | Family | Handles wiki
table code?† |
Responsive/ mobile suited |
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"columns-start" | Yes | Yes | ((columns-start)) | ((column)) | ((columns-end)) | |
Columns | "div col" | Yes | Yes | ((div col)) | – | ((div col end)) |
"columns-list" | No | Yes | ((columns-list)) (wraps div col) | – | – | |
Flexbox | "flex columns" | No | Yes | ((flex columns)) | – | – |
Table | "col" | Yes | No | ((col-begin)), ((col-begin-fixed)) or ((col-begin-small)) |
((col-break)) or ((col-2)) .. ((col-5)) |
((col-end)) |
† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |}
used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as (((!)), ((!)), ((!!)), ((!-)), ((!))))—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>
, <tr>...</tr>
, etc.)—need to be used instead.
The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using ((col-float)) with ((col-end)) instead of ((col-float-end)) would leave a <div>...</div>
open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.
Type | Family | Handles wiki
table code?† |
Responsive/ mobile suited |
Start template | Column divider | End template |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Float | "col-float" | Yes | Yes | ((col-float)) | ((col-float-break)) | ((col-float-end)) |
"columns-start" | Yes | Yes | ((columns-start)) | ((column)) | ((columns-end)) | |
Columns | "div col" | Yes | Yes | ((div col)) | – | ((div col end)) |
"columns-list" | No | Yes | ((columns-list)) (wraps div col) | – | – | |
Flexbox | "flex columns" | No | Yes | ((flex columns)) | – | – |
Table | "col" | Yes | No | ((col-begin)), ((col-begin-fixed)) or ((col-begin-small)) |
((col-break)) or ((col-2)) .. ((col-5)) |
((col-end)) |
† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |}
used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as (((!)), ((!)), ((!!)), ((!-)), ((!))))—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>
, <tr>...</tr>
, etc.)—need to be used instead.
The following parties are full members:[20][21]
The following parties are consultative parties:[20][21]
Country | Name | Abbr | Government | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Antigua Labour Party | ALP | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[71] |
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Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) | BSDP | — | Admitted as observer member in 1999.[25] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[26] Unregistered party. |
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Republican Turkish Party | CTP | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2008 (pending consultation).[71] |
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Egyptian Social Democratic Party | ESDP | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[96] |
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Gabonese Progress Party | PGP | — | Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[31] Not represented in the National Assembly of Gabon |
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United Democratic Party | UDP | — | Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[96] Boycotted last election. |
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African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | PAIGC | — | Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[71] Country is governed by military. |
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Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan | PDKI | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[71] | |
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Nationwide Social Democratic Party | OSDP | — | Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[96] Not represented in the Mazhilis. |
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Palestinian National Initiative[115] | PNI | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 2008.[71] Promoted to consultative member in 2012.[96] |
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Democratic Progressive Party | PDP | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[71] |
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Akbayan Citizens' Action Party | AKBAYAN | junior party in government | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Takes part in Benigno Aquino III's government. |
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Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor | FReTiLIn | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] |
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Democratic Convention of African Peoples | CDPA | — | Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[25] Not represented in the National Assembly of Togo. |
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Peace and Democracy Party | BDP | in opposition | Elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as independents. Promoted to consultative member in 2012.[96] |
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Social Democratic Party of Ukraine[151] | SDPU | — | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Did not participate in 2007 parliamentary election |
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For Social Democracy | PODEMOS | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2008.[71] |
The following parties are observer parties:[20][21]
Country | Name | Abbr | Government | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Social Democratic Party of Albania[152] | PSD | — | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Promoted to full member in 1996.[31][152] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] Not represented in the Parliament of Albania. |
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Barbados Labour Party[153] | BLP | in opposition | Full member since 1987.[153] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Belarusian Party of Labour | Admitted as observer member in 2012.[96] | ||
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Democratic Union of Progressive Forces | UDFP | Admitted as observer member in 1992.[30] | |
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Botswana National Front | BNF | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] |
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Party for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party[54] | PDP/PS | in opposition | Full member since c1995.[54] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Front for Democracy in Burundi | FRODEBU | — | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] Did not participate in 2010 legislative election. |
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Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People | MLPC | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 2008.[71] |
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Alternative Democratic Pole | PDA | in opposition | |
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Union for Democracy and Social Progress | UDPS | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 2003.[26] |
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Dominica Labour Party | in government | Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[31] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] | |
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Forward | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[45] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] | |
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Struggling People's Organization | OPL | Admitted (as Lavalas Political Organisation) as observer member in 1996.[31] | |
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Israeli Labor Party[82] | in opposition | Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20][20] | |
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People's National Party[154] | PNP | in government | Full member since 1952.[154] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Labour Party of Kenya | Admitted as observer member in 2012.[96] | ||
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Ata Meken Socialist Party[155] | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 2008.[71] | |
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Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party[156] | LSDSP | — | Full member since 1994.[156] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] Not represented in the Saeima. |
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Social Democratic Union of Macedonia[157][158][159] | SDSM | in opposition | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] Promoted to full member in 2003.[26][159] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Labour Party[160] | PL | in opposition | Full member since 1955.[160] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Congress of Democrats | CoD | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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New Zealand Labour Party[148] | NZLP | in opposition | Member since 1952.[148] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Philippines Democratic Socialist Party | PDSP | in opposition | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Labour Union[161] | UP | — | Admitted as full member in 1996.[31][161] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] Not represented in the National Assembly of the Republic of Poland. |
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Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party | SKNLP | in government | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Saint Lucia Labour Party | SLP | in government | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Unity Labour Party | ULP | in government | Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Social Democrats[162] | SD | in opposition | Admitted (as United List of Social Democrats) as full member in 1996.[31][162] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] |
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Polisario Front | POLISARIO | in government | Admitted as observer member in 2008.[71] |
Country | Name | Abbr | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
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New Democracy | ND | Admitted as consultative member in 1999.[25] |
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Popular Socialist Party | PSP | Admitted as full member in 1992.[30] Merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party. |
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Social Democratic Party | ASDP | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[26] |
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Alliance of Independent Social Democrats | SNSD | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Promoted to full member in 2008[71] Expelled in August 2012.[96] |
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European Left | Admitted as observer member in 1999.[25] | |
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Movement for Democracy and Social Progress | MDPS | Admitted as observer member in 1992.[30] |
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Ivorian Popular Front[163] | FPI | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Promoted to full member in 1996.[31][163] Expelled in March 2011.[18] |
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M-l9 Democratic Alliance | Admitted as observer member in 1992.[30] | |
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National Democratic Party[58] | NDP | Admitted as full member in 1989.[48] Full member since 1992.[58] Expelled in January 2011.[17][164][165] |
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Democratic Party | PD | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] |
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Fiji Labour Party | FLP | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Expelled in 2008.[71] |
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Union of Citizens of Georgia | CUG | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] |
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Social Democratic Convergence[166] | CSD | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26][166] |
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Indian National Congress[167] | ||
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Janata Dal[168] | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] | |
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Democratic Party of the Left | PDS | Admitted as full member in 1992.[30] Merged with others to form Democrats of the Left in 1998. |
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Democrats of the Left[169] | DS | Full member since 1992 as Democratic Party of the Left.[169] Merged with other movements to form the Democratic Party in 2007. Listed as SI member until XXIV Congress in 2012. |
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Italian Socialist Party | PSI | Party dissolved in 1994. |
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Italian Democratic Socialist Party | PSDI | Party merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998. |
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Democratic Socialist Party | Minsha-tō | Admitted as SI member in 1961.[170] Merged with non-socialist movements to form the New Frontier Party in 1994. |
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Jordanian Democratic Party of the Left | JDPL | Admitted as observer member in 2003.[26] |
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Party for National Unity | VITM | Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[48] |
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Social Democratic Party of Moldova | PSDM | Admitted as observer member in 1996.[31] |
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Vietnamese Socialist Party[171] | Consultative member between 1955 and 1969.[171] | |
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Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland | SdRP | Admitted as full member in 1996.[31] Absorbed into the Democratic Left Alliance in 1999. |
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Democratic Party | PD | Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[31] Promoted to full member in 1999.[25] Merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party. |
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Social Democratic Party of Russia | SDPR | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] |
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Progressive Labour Party | Expelled in 1992.[30] | |
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Saint Vincent Labour Party | SVGLP | Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[48] Merged with the Movement for National Unity in 1994 to form the Unity Labour Party. |
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Social Democratic Party[132] | SDP | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Promoted to full member in 2008.[71] Demoted to observer member due to non-payment of membership fees.[20] Ceased to exist in 2009[132] |
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Party of the Democratic Left | SDĽ | Admitted as full member in 1996.[31] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005. |
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Social Democratic Party of Slovakia | SDSS | Admitted as full member in 1992.[30] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005. |
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Slovenian Democratic Party | SDS | Admitted (as the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) as observer member in 1992.[30] |
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Constitutional Democratic Rally[47] | RCD | Admitted as full member in 1989.[48] Full member since 1993.[47] Expelled in January 2011.[16] |
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Popular Unity Movement | MUP | Admitted as consultative member in 1989.[48] |
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Democratic Left Party | DSP | Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[45] Expelled in 1992.[30] |
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Democratic People's Party | DEHAP | Admitted as observer member in 2003.[26] Merged with the Democratic Society Movement to form the Democratic Society Party which in turn was succeeded by the Peace and Democracy Party. |
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Social Democracy Party[140] | SODEP | Full member since 1990.[140] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.[140] |
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Social Democratic Populist Party | SHP | Admitted as consultative member in 1986.[45] Promoted to full member in 1989.[48] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995. |
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Socialist Party of Ukraine | SPU | Admitted as consultative member in 2003.[26] Expelled in July 2011.[172] |
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Social Democrats, USA[162] | SDUSA | Member since 1972.[162] Exited SI in 2005. |
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Party for the Government of the People | PGP | Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[30] Merged with the Colorado Party in 1994. |
The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using ((col-float)) with ((col-end)) instead of ((col-float-end)) would leave a <div>...</div>
open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.
Type | Family | Handles wiki
table code?† |
Responsive/ mobile suited |
Start template | Column divider | End template |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Float | "col-float" | Yes | Yes | ((col-float)) | ((col-float-break)) | ((col-float-end)) |
"columns-start" | Yes | Yes | ((columns-start)) | ((column)) | ((columns-end)) | |
Columns | "div col" | Yes | Yes | ((div col)) | – | ((div col end)) |
"columns-list" | No | Yes | ((columns-list)) (wraps div col) | – | – | |
Flexbox | "flex columns" | No | Yes | ((flex columns)) | – | – |
Table | "col" | Yes | No | ((col-begin)), ((col-begin-fixed)) or ((col-begin-small)) |
((col-break)) or ((col-2)) .. ((col-5)) |
((col-end)) |
† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |}
used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as (((!)), ((!)), ((!!)), ((!-)), ((!))))—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>
, <tr>...</tr>
, etc.)—need to be used instead.