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((Short description|Large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia))
((Moresources|date=July 2020))
((Infobox landform
| name  = West Siberian Plain
| other_name  = Западно-Сибирская равнина
| type = [[Plain]]
| photo =Vasyugan.jpg
| caption  = View of the [[Vasyugan|Vasyugan River]]
| coordinates= ((coord|62|00|N|76|00|E|type:landform|format=dms|display=inline,title))
| area  =  ((Convert|2600000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on))
| part_of = [[Siberia]]
| elevation  = 
| length  = ((convert|2500|km|sp=us)) 
| width  = ((convert|1500|km|sp=us)) 
| map =  Russia
| map_caption = Location in Russia
| relief = 1
| location = [[Russia]]<br />[[Kazakhstan]]
))
[[Image:Západní Sibiř.png|thumb|right|Western Siberian plain on a satellite map of [[North Asia]]]]
[[Image:Западная Сибирь.jpg|thumb|right|Map of the West Siberian Plain showing its subdivisions]]
The '''West Siberian Plain''' (((lang-ru|Западно-Сибирская равнина|Zapadno-Sibirskaya ravnina))) is a large [[plain]] that occupies the western portion of [[Siberia]], between the [[Ural Mountains]] in the west and the [[Yenisei|Yenisei River]] in the east, and the [[Altai Mountains]] on the southeast. Much of the plain is poorly drained and consists of some of the world's largest swamps and floodplains. Important cities include [[Chelyabinsk]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Omsk]], and [[Tomsk]], as well as [[Surgut]] and [[Nizhnevartovsk]].

Winters on the West Siberian Plain are harsh and long. The climate of most of the plain areas is either subarctic or continental. The plain had large [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] reserves. Most of Russia’s oil and gas production was extracted from this area during the 1970s and 80s.<ref name="columbia"/>

==Geography==
[[File:Siberian plain.jpg|thumb|right|Western Siberian plain seen from the [[Trans-Siberian railway]] outside [[Tatarsky District|Tatarskaya]]]]

The West Siberian Plain is located east of the [[Ural Mountains]] mostly in the territory of [[Russia]]. It is one of the [[Great Russian Regions]] and has been described as the world's largest unbroken [[Upland and lowland#Lowland|lowland]] – more than 50 percent is less than ((cvt|100.|m)) above sea level<ref>((cite web
|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-38578/Russia
|title=Russia
|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica
|access-date=2006-10-24
))</ref>&mdash;and covers an area of about 2.6–((convert|2.7|e6km2|abbr=off)) which is about one third of Siberia.<ref name="columbia">((cite web
|url=http://www.bartleby.com/65/we/WestSibe.html 
|title=Western Siberian Plain
|publisher=Columbia Encyclopedia
|access-date=2006-10-24
))</ref> It extends from north to south for ((convert|2500|km|mi|abbr=off)), reaching its maximum width of ((convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=off)) in its southern part.<ref name="PGSU">[https://big-archive.ru/geography/physical_geography_of_the_Soviet_Union/104.php Physical Geography of the Soviet Union - West Siberian Plain]</ref> from the [[Arctic Ocean]] to the foothills of the [[Altai Mountains]], and from east to west for ((cvt|1,900.|km)) from the [[Ural Mountains]] to the [[Yenisey|Yenisei River]]. Besides the Yenisei, other main rivers in the West Siberian Plain are from west to east the [[Irtysh]], [[Ob (river)|Ob]], [[Nadym River|Nadym]], [[Pur (Russia)|Pur]] and [[Taz (river)|Taz]]. There are many lakes and [[marshland|swamps]] and large regions of the plains are flooded in the spring.

The long Yenisei river flows broadly south to north, a distance of ((cvt|3,530.|km)) to the Arctic Ocean, where it discharges more than 20 million litres (5 million gallons) of water per second at its mouth. Together with its tributary Angara, the two rivers flow ((cvt|5,530.|km)). The valley formed by the Yenisei acts as a rough dividing line between the West Siberian Plain and the [[Central Siberian Plateau]].<ref name="GSE">[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article043399.html Западно-Сибирская равнина], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], in 30 vols.  / Ch. ed. [[A.M. Prokhorov]] - 3rd ed. 1969-1978.</ref> The [[Siberian Uvaly]] is a low hilly region stretching from east to west across the plain.<ref name="GSE-Uv">[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article101846.html Сибирские Увалы], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], in 30 vols.  / Ch. ed. [[A.M. Prokhorov]] - 3rd ed. 1969-1978.</ref> Glacial deposits extend as far south as the Ob-Irtysh confluence, forming occasional low hills and ridges, including the [[Ob Plateau]] in the south,<ref name="GSEb">[https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/092/860.htm Приобское плато]; ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]'' in 30 vols.  — Ch. ed. [[A.M. Prokhorov]]. - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (in Russian)</ref> but otherwise the plain is exceedingly flat and featureless. The [[Ishim Plain]] and the [[Baraba Lowland]] in the south are important agricultural areas.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298120733_The_history_of_agricultural_development_of_the_Baraba_Lowland The history of agricultural development of the Baraba Lowland]</ref> There are salt lakes in the [[Kulunda Plain]], which extends southwards into [[Kazakhstan]] and is limited to the south by the [[Kokshetau Hills]].<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288895888_Flora_of_Salt_Lakes_of_the_Kulunda_Plain_Southern_Western_Siberia Flora of Salt Lakes of the Kulunda Plain (Southern Western Siberia)]</ref> 

The West Siberian Plain is very [[swamp]]y and soils are mostly [[peat]]y [[Histosol]]s and, in the treeless northern part, [[Histel]]s. is one of the world's largest areas of peatlands, which are characterized by [[Bog#Raised bog|raised bog]]s. [[Vasyugan Swamp]], one of the world’s largest single raised bogs, covers approximately ((convert|51,600|sqkm|sqmi|-2)). There are numerous lakes in the vast interfluve swamps of the Ob-Taz [[floodplain]].<ref name="PGSU"/>

==Flora and fauna==
The plain has eight distinct vegetation regions: [[tundra]], forest-tundra, northern [[taiga]], middle taiga, southern taiga, sub-taiga forest, forest-steppe, and [[steppe]]. The number of animal species in the West Siberian Plain ranges from at least 107 in the tundra to 278 or more in the forest-steppe region. In the south of the plain, where [[permafrost]] is largely absent, rich [[grassland]]s that are an extension of the [[Kazakh Steppe]] formed the original vegetation, which had almost all been cleared by the early 21st century.

==Geology==
((seealso|Turgay Depression))
The West Siberian Plain consists mostly of [[Cenozoic]] [[alluvium|alluvial deposits]] and is extraordinarily flat. A rise of fifty metres in [[sea level]] would cause all land between the [[Arctic Ocean]] and the [[Ob (river)|Ob]]-[[Irtysh]] confluence near [[Khanty-Mansiysk]] to be inundated (see also [[Turgai Straits]], [[West Siberian Glacial Lake]]). It is a region of the Earth’s crust that has undergone prolonged subsidence and is composed of horizontal deposits from as much as 65 million years ago. Many of the deposits on this plain result from [[Ice jam|ice dam]]s that reversed the flow of the [[Ob (river)|Ob]] and [[Yenisei]] rivers, redirecting them into the [[Caspian Sea]], and perhaps the [[Aral Sea]] as well.

==See also==
((Portal|Siberia))
*[[East European Plain]], the other major plain of Russia
*[[Eurasian steppe]]
*[[South Siberian Mountains]]
*[[West Siberian petroleum basin]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001004737/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17142 NASA Images: West Siberian Plain]
*[http://countrystudies.us/russia/23.htm Topography and Drainage of Russia]
*[http://www.ipcc.ie/wpsiberia.html Peatlands of the World: Russia — Siberia]

((Russia topics))
((Soviet Union topics))

((Authority control))
[[Category:West Siberian Plain| ]]
[[Category:Eurasian Steppe]]
[[Category:Forests of Russia]]
[[Category:Grasslands of Russia]]
[[Category:Tundra]]
[[Category:Taiga and boreal forests]]
[[Category:Temperate coniferous forests]]
[[Category:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]]

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