Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity, is a multinational state, and is home to over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. However, demographically; ethnic Russians dominate the country's population. In the 2010 Census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians, and the remaining 19% of the population were ethnic minorities. The 83 (or 85) federal subjects which together constitute the Russian Federation include:
Ethnic group[1] |
Language family |
Main area |
1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | %, | Number | % of total population | % of those who declared ethnicity | Number | % of total population | % of those who declared ethnicity | |||||||||||
Russians | Slavic | European Russia | 71,374,283 | 78.1% | 89,747,795 | 82.9% | 97,863,579 | 83.3% | 107,747,630 | 82.8% | 113,521,881 | 82.6% | 119,865,469 | 81.5% | 115,889,107 | 79.83% | 80.6% | 111,016,896 | 77,71% | 80.9% | ||||||||
Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 3,926,053 | 3.2% | 3,682,956 | 3.4% | 4,074,253 | 3.5% | 4,577,061 | 3.5% | 5,055,757 | 3.6% | 5,522,096 | 3.8% | 5,554,601 | 3.83 % | 3.9% | 5,310,649 | 3,72 % | 3.9% | ||||||||
Ukrainians[2] | Slavic | European Russia | 6,870,976 | 7.9% | 3,205,061 | 3.0% | 3,359,083 | 2.9% | 3,345,885 | 2.6% | 3,657,647 | 2.7% | 4,362,872 | 3.0% | 2,942,961 | 2.03 % | 2.0% | 1,927,888 | 1,35 % | 1.4% | ||||||||
Bashkir | Turkic | European Russia | 738,861 | 0.80% | 824,537 | 0.76% | 953,801 | 0.81% | 1,180,913 | 0.91% | 1,290,994 | 0.94% | 1,345,273 | 0.92% | 1,673,389 | 1,16 % | 1.16% | 1,584,554 | 1,11 % | 1.15% | ||||||||
Chuvashs | Turkic | European Russia | 1,112,478 | 1.20% | 1,346,232 | 1.24% | 1,436,218 | 1.22% | 1,637,028 | 1.26% | 1,689,847 | 1.23% | 1,773,645 | 1.21% | 1,637,094 | 1,14 % | 1.14% | 1,435,872 | 1,01 % | 1.05% | ||||||||
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 318,361 | 0.34% | 400,325 | 0.37% | 261,311 | 0.22% | 572,220 | 0.44% | 712,161 | 0.52% | 898,999 | 0.61% | 1,360,253 | 0,95 % | 0.95% | 1,431,360 | 1,00 % | 1.04% | ||||||||
Armenians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 183,785 | 0.20% | 205,233 | 0.19% | 255,978 | 0.22% | 298,718 | 0.23% | 364,570 | 0.27% | 532,390 | 0.36% | 1,132,033 | 0,79 % | 0.79% | 1,182,388 | 0,83 % | 0.86% | ||||||||
Avars | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 178,263 | 0.19% | 235,715 | 0.22% | 249,529 | 0.21% | 361,613 | 0.28% | 438,306 | 0.32% | 544,016 | 0.37% | 814,473 | 0,57 % | 0.57% | 912,090 | 0,64 % | 0.66% | ||||||||
Mordvins | Uralic | European Russia | 1,306,798 | 1.41% | 1,375,558 | 1.27% | 1,211,105 | 1.03% | 1,177,492 | 0.91% | 1,111,075 | 0.81% | 1,072,939 | 0.73% | 843,350 | 0,59% | 0.59% | 744,237 | 0,52 % | 0.54% | ||||||||
Kazakhs | Turkic | Southern | 136,501 | 0.15% | 356,500 | 0.33% | 382,431 | 0.33% | 477,820 | 0.37% | 518,060 | 0.38% | 635,865 | 0.43% | 653,962 | 0,46% | 0.46% | 647,732 | 0,45 % | 0.47% | ||||||||
Azerbaijanis | Turkic | Caucasus | 24,335 | 0.03% | 43,014 | 0.04% | 70,947 | 0.06% | 95,689 | 0.07% | 152,421 | 0.11% | 335,889 | 0.23% | 621,840 | 0,43% | 0.43% | 603,070 | 0,42 % | 0.44% | ||||||||
Dargins | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 125,759 | 0.14% | 152,007 | 0.14% | 152,563 | 0.13% | 224,172 | 0.17% | 280,444 | 0.20% | 353,348 | 0.24% | 510,156 | 0,35% | 0.35% | 589,386 | 0,41 % | 0.43% | ||||||||
Udmurts (incl. Besermyan 1939–1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 503,970 | 0.54% | 599,893 | 0.55% | 615,640 | 0.52% | 678,393 | 0.52% | 685,718 | 0.50% | 714,883 | 0.49% | 636,906 | 0,44% | 0.45% | 552,299 | 0,39 % | 0.40% | ||||||||
Mari | Uralic | European Russia | 427,874 | 0.46% | 476,314 | 0.44% | 498,066 | 0.42% | 581,082 | 0.45% | 599,637 | 0.44% | 643,698 | 0.44% | 604,298 | 0,42% | 0.42% | 547,605 | 0,38 % | 0.40% | ||||||||
Ossetians | Iranian | Caucasus | 157,280 | 0.17% | 195,624 | 0.18% | 247,834 | 0.21% | 313,458 | 0.24% | 352,080 | 0.26% | 402,275 | 0.27% | 514,875 | 0,36% | 0.36% | 528,515 | 0,37 % | 0.38% | ||||||||
Belarusians | Slavic | European Russia | 607,845 | 0.66% | 451,933 | 0.42% | 843,985 | 0.72% | 964,082 | 0.74% | 1,051,900 | 0.77% | 1,206,222 | 0.82% | 807,970 | 0,56% | 0.56% | 521,443 | 0,37 % | 0.38% | ||||||||
Kabardins | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 139,864 | 0.15% | 161,216 | 0.15% | 200,634 | 0.17% | 277,435 | 0.21% | 318,822 | 0.23% | 386,055 | 0.26% | 519,958 | 0,36% | 0.36% | 516,826 | 0,36 % | 0.38% | ||||||||
Kumyks | Turkic | Caucasus | 94,509 | 0.10% | 110,299 | 0.10% | 132,896 | 0.11% | 186,690 | 0.14% | 225,800 | 0.16% | 277,163 | 0.19% | 422,409 | 0,29% | 0.29% | 503,060 | 0,35 % | 0.37% | ||||||||
Yakuts (icl. Dolgans 1939–1959) | Turkic | Far East | 240,682 | 0.26% | 241,870 | 0.22% | 236,125 | 0.20% | 295,223 | 0.23% | 326,531 | 0.24% | 380,242 | 0.26% | 443,852 | 0,31% | 0.31% | 478,085 | 0,34 % | 0.35% | ||||||||
Lezgians | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 92,937 | 0.10% | 100,328 | 0.09% | 114,210 | 0.10% | 170,494 | 0.13% | 202,854 | 0.15% | 257,270 | 0.17% | 411,535 | 0,28% | 0.29% | 473,722 | 0,33 % | 0.34% | ||||||||
Buryats (incl. Soyots 1939–1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 237,490 | 0.26% | 220,618 | 0.20% | 251,504 | 0.21% | 312,847 | 0.24% | 349,760 | 0.25% | 417,425 | 0.28% | 445,175 | 0,31% | 0.31% | 461,389 | 0,32 % | 0.34% | ||||||||
Ingush | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 72,137 | 0.08% | 90,980 | 0.08% | 55,799 | 0.05% | 137,380 | 0.11% | 165,997 | 0.12% | 215,068 | 0.15% | 413,016 | 0,29% | 0.29% | 444,833 | 0,31 % | 0.32% | ||||||||
Germans | Germanic | European Russia | 707,277 | 0.76% | 811,205 | 0.75% | 820,016 | 0.70% | 761,888 | 0.59% | 790,762 | 0.58% | 842,295 | 0.57% | 597,212 | 0,41% | 0.42% | 394,138 | 0,28 % | 0.29% | ||||||||
Uzbeks | Turkic | Moscow | 942 | 0.00% | 16,166 | 0.01% | 29,512 | 0.03% | 61,588 | 0.05% | 72,385 | 0.05% | 126,899 | 0.09% | 122,916 | 0,09% | 0.09% | 289,862 | 0,20 % | 0.21% | ||||||||
Tuvans | Turkic | Siberia | 200 | 0.00% | 794 | 0.00% | 99,864 | 0.08% | 139,013 | 0.11% | 165,426 | 0.12% | 206,160 | 0.14% | 243,442 | 0,17% | 0.17% | 263,934 | 0,19 % | 0.19% | ||||||||
Komi (incl. Komi-Permyak 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 226,012 | 0.24% | 415,009 | 0.38% | 281,780 | 0.24% | 315,347 | 0.24% | 320,078 | 0.23% | 336,309 | 0.23% | 293,406 | 0,20% | 0.20% | 228,235 | 0,16 % | 0.17% | ||||||||
Karachays | Turkic | Caucasus | 55,116 | 0.06% | 74,488 | 0.07% | 70,537 | 0.06% | 106,831 | 0.08% | 125,792 | 0.09% | 150,332 | 0.10% | 192,182 | 0,13% | 0.13% | 218,403 | 0,15 % | 0.16% | ||||||||
Roma | Indo-Aryan | European Russia | 39,089 | 0.04% | 59,198 | 0.05% | 72,488 | 0.06% | 97,955 | 0.08% | 120,672 | 0.09% | 152,939 | 0.10% | 183,252 | 0,13% | 0.13% | 204,958 | 0,14 % | 0.15% | ||||||||
Tajiks | Iranian | Saint Petersburg | 52 | 0.00% | 3,315 | 0.00% | 7,027 | 0.01% | 14,108 | 0.01% | 17,863 | 0.01% | 38,208 | 0.03% | 120,136 | 0,08% | 0.08% | 200,666 | 0,14 % | 0.15% | ||||||||
Kalmyks | Mongolic | Caucasus | 128,809 | 0.14% | 129,786 | 0.12% | 100,603 | 0.09% | 131,318 | 0.10% | 140,103 | 0.10% | 165,103 | 0.11% | 174,000 | 0,12% | 0.12% | 183,372 | 0,13 % | 0.13% | ||||||||
Laks | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 40,243 | 0.04% | 54,348 | 0.05% | 58,397 | 0.05% | 78,625 | 0.06% | 91,412 | 0.07% | 106,245 | 0.07% | 156,545 | 0,11% | 0.11% | 178,630 | 0,13 % | 0.13% | ||||||||
Georgians | South Caucasian | Caucasus | 20,551 | 0.02% | 43,585 | 0.04% | 57,594 | 0.05% | 68,971 | 0.05% | 89,407 | 0.07% | 130,688 | 0.09% | 197,934 | 0,14% | 0.14% | 157,803 | 0,11 % | 0.11% | ||||||||
Jews | Semitic | European Russia | 539,086 | 0.58% | 891,147 | 0.82% | 875,058 | 0.74% | 807,526 | 0.62% | 699,286 | 0.51% | 550,709 | 0.37% | 233,439 | 0,16% | 0.16% | 156,801 | 0,11 % | 0.11% | ||||||||
Moldovans | Romance | European Russia | 16,870 | 0.02% | 21,974 | 0.02% | 62,298 | 0.05% | 87,538 | 0.07% | 102,137 | 0.07% | 172,671 | 0.12% | 172,330 | 0,12% | 0.12% | 156,400 | 0,11 % | 0.11% | ||||||||
Koreans | Koreanic | Far East | 86,799 | 0.09% | 11,345 | 0.01% | 91,445 | 0.08% | 101,369 | 0.08% | 97,649 | 0.07% | 107,051 | 0.07% | 148,556 | 0,10% | 0.10% | 153,156 | 0,11 % | 0.11% | ||||||||
Tabasarans | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 31,983 | 0.03% | 33,471 | 0.03% | 34,288 | 0.03% | 54,047 | 0.04% | 73,433 | 0.05% | 93,587 | 0.06% | 131,785 | 0,09% | 0.09% | 146,360 | 0,10 % | 0.11% | ||||||||
Adyghe (incl. Shapsugs 1926–1989 and Cherkess 1926–1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 64,959 | 0.07% | 85,588 | 0.08% | 78,561 | 0.07% | 98,461 | 0.08% | 107,239 | 0.08% | 122,908 | 0.08% | 128,528 | 0,09 % | 0.09% | 124,835 | 0,09 % | 0.09% | ||||||||
Balkars | Turkic | Caucasus | 33,298 | 0.04% | 41,949 | 0.04% | 35,249 | 0.03% | 52,969 | 0.04% | 61,828 | 0.04% | 78,341 | 0.05% | 108,426 | 0,08 % | 0.08% | 112,924 | 0,08 % | 0.08% | ||||||||
Turks (incl. Meskhetian Turks 1926–1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 1,846 | 0.00% | 2,668 | 0.00% | 1,377 | 0.00% | 1,568 | 0.00% | 3,561 | 0.00% | 9,890 | 0.01% | 92,415 | 0,06 % | 0.06% | 105,058 | 0,07 % | 0.08% | ||||||||
Nogais | Turkic | Caucasus | 36,089 | 0.04% | 36,088 | 0.03% | 37,656 | 0.03% | 51,159 | 0.04% | 58,639 | 0.04% | 73,703 | 0.05% | 90,666 | 0,06 % | 0.06% | 103,660 | 0,07 % | 0.08% | ||||||||
Kyrgyz | Turkic | Moscow | 285 | 0.00% | 6,311 | 0.01% | 4,701 | 0.00% | 9,107 | 0.01% | 15,011 | 0.01% | 41,734 | 0.03% | 31,808 | 0,02 % | 0.02% | 103,422 | 0,07 % | 0.08% | ||||||||
Komi-Permyak (in Komi 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 149,275 | 0.16% | 143,030 | 0.12% | 150,244 | 0.12% | 145,993 | 0.11% | 147,269 | 0.10% | 125,235 | 0,09 % | 0.09% | 94,456 | 0,07 % | 0.07% | ||||||||||
Altay | Turkic | Siberia | 52,248 | 0.06% | 46,489 | 0.04% | 44,654 | 0.04% | 54,614 | 0.04% | 58,879 | 0.04% | 69,409 | 0.05% | 77,822 | 0,05 % | 0.05% | 89,773 | 0,05 % | 0.06% | ||||||||
Pontic Greeks (including Caucasus Greeks) | Hellenic | Caucasus | 34,439 | 0.04% | 65,705 | 0.06% | 47,024 | 0.04% | 57,847 | 0.04% | 69,816 | 0.05% | 91,699 | 0.06% | 97,827 | 0,07 % | 0.07% | 85,640 | 0,06 % | 0.06% | ||||||||
Cherkess (in Adyghe 1926–1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 28,986 | 0.02% | 38,356 | 0.03% | 44,572 | 0.03% | 50,572 | 0.03% | 60,517 | 0.04% | 73,184 | 0.05% | ||||||||||||||
Khakas | Turkic | Siberia | 45,607 | 0.05% | 52,033 | 0.05% | 56,032 | 0.05% | 65,368 | 0.05% | 69,247 | 0.05% | 78,500 | 0.05% | 76,278 | 0.05% | 72,959 | 0.05% | ||||||||||
Karelians | Uralic | European Russia | 248,017 | 0.27% | 249,778 | 0.23% | 164,050 | 0.14% | 141,148 | 0.11% | 133,182 | 0.10% | 124,921 | 0.08% | 93,344 | 0.06% | 60,815 | 0.04% | ||||||||||
Poles | Slavic | European Russia | 189,269 | 0.20% | 142,461 | 0.13% | 118,422 | 0.10% | 107,084 | 0.08% | 99,733 | 0.07% | 94,594 | 0.06% | 73,001 | 0.05% | 47,125 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Nenets (incl. Enets 1926–1979 and Nganasans 1926–1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 17,560 | 0.02% | 24,716 | 0.02% | 22,845 | 0.02% | 28,487 | 0.02% | 29,487 | 0.02% | 34,190 | 0.02% | 41,302 | 0.03% | 44,640 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Abazas | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 13,825 | 0.01% | 14,739 | 0.01% | 19,059 | 0.02% | 24,892 | 0.02% | 28,800 | 0.02% | 32,983 | 0.02% | 37,942 | 0.03% | 43,341 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Yazidis | Iranian | Caucasus | 1 | 0.00% | 31,273 | 0.02% | 40,586 | 0.03% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Evenks | Tungusic | Far East | 38,804 | 0.03% | 29,599 | 0.02% | 24,583 | 0.02% | 25,051 | 0.02% | 27,278 | 0.02% | 29,901 | 0.02% | 35,527 | 0.02% | 37,843 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Turkmens | Turkic | Caucasus | 7,849 | 0.01% | 12,869 | 0.01% | 11,631 | 0.01% | 20,040 | 0.02% | 22,979 | 0.02% | 39,739 | 0.03% | 33,053 | 0.02% | 36,885 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 10,333 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,703 | 0.01% | 11,904 | 0.01% | 14,835 | 0.01% | 19,503 | 0.01% | 29,929 | 0.02% | 35,240 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Aghuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 7,653 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,460 | 0.01% | 8,751 | 0.01% | 11,752 | 0.01% | 17,728 | 0.01% | 28,297 | 0.02% | 34,160 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Lithuanians | Baltic | European Russia | 26,128 | 0.03% | 20,795 | 0.02% | 108,579 | 0.09% | 76,718 | 0.06% | 66,783 | 0.05% | 70,427 | 0.05% | 45,569 | 0.03% | 31,377 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Khanty | Uralic | Urals | 22,301 | 0.02% | 18,447 | 0.02% | 19,246 | 0.02% | 21,007 | 0.02% | 20,743 | 0.02% | 22,283 | 0.02% | 28,678 | 0.02% | 30,943 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Chinese | Sino-Tibetan | Far East | 8,739 | 0.01% | 22,491 | 0.02% | 19,097 | 0.02% | 7,987 | 0.01% | 5,743 | 0.00% | 5,197 | 0.00% | 34,577 | 0.02% | 28,943 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Bulgarians | Slavic | European Russia | 4,087 | 0.00% | 8,338 | 0.01% | 24,899 | 0.02% | 27,321 | 0.02% | 24,943 | 0.02% | 32,785 | 0.02% | 31,965 | 0.02% | 24,038 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Kurds (incl. Yazidis 1939–1989) | Iranian | Caucasus | 164 | 0.00% | 387 | 0.00% | 855 | 0.00% | 1,015 | 0.00% | 1,634 | 0.00% | 4,724 | 0.00% | 19,607 | 0.01% | 23,232 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Evens | Tungusic | Far East | 2,044 | 0.00% | 9,674 | 0.01% | 9,023 | 0.01% | 11,819 | 0.01% | 12,215 | 0.01% | 17,055 | 0.01% | 19,071 | 0.01% | 22,383 | 0.02% | ||||||||||
Finns | Uralic | European Russia | 134,089 | 0.14% | 138,962 | 0.13% | 72,356 | 0.06% | 62,307 | 0.05% | 55,687 | 0.04% | 47,102 | 0.03% | 34,050 | 0.02% | 20,267 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Latvians | Baltic | European Russia | 124,312 | 0.13% | 104,877 | 0.10% | 74,932 | 0.06% | 59,695 | 0.05% | 67,267 | 0.05% | 46,829 | 0.03% | 28,520 | 0.02% | 18,979 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Estonians | Uralic | European Russia | 146,051 | 0.16% | 130,494 | 0.12% | 78,556 | 0.07% | 62,980 | 0.05% | 55,539 | 0.04% | 46,390 | 0.03% | 28,113 | 0.02% | 17,875 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Chukchi (incl. Kereks 1926–1989 and Chuvans 1939–1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 12,331 | 0.01% | 13,830 | 0.01% | 11,680 | 0.01% | 13,500 | 0.01% | 13,937 | 0.01% | 15,107 | 0.01% | 15,767 | 0.01% | 15,908 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Vietnamese | Austro-Asiatic | Moscow | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 781 | 0.00% | 6,287 | 0.00% | 661 | 0.00% | 2,142 | 0.00% | 26,206 | 0.02% | 13,954 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Gagauz | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,012 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,176 | 0.00% | 10,051 | 0.01% | 12,210 | 0.01% | 13,690 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Shors | Turkic | Siberia | 13,000 | 0.01% | 16,042 | 0.01% | 14,938 | 0.01% | 15,950 | 0.01% | 15,182 | 0.01% | 15,745 | 0.01% | 13,975 | 0.01% | 12,888 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,533 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 4,437 | 0.00% | 4,730 | 0.00% | 4,774 | 0.00% | 6,492 | 0.00% | 10,366 | 0.01% | 12,769 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Mansi | Uralic | Urals | 5,754 | 0.01% | 6,295 | 0.01% | 6,318 | 0.01% | 7,609 | 0.01% | 7,434 | 0.01% | 8,279 | 0.01% | 11,432 | 0.01% | 12,269 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Nanais | Tungusic | Far East | 5,860 | 0.01% | 8,411 | 0.01% | 7,919 | 0.01% | 9,911 | 0.01% | 10,357 | 0.01% | 11,883 | 0.01% | 12,160 | 0.01% | 12,003 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Abkhaz | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 97 | 0.00% | 647 | 0.00% | 1,400 | 0.00% | 2,427 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% | 7,239 | 0.00% | 11,366 | 0.01% | 11,249 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Assyrians | Semitic | Caucasus | 2,791 | 0.00% | 7,446 | 0.01% | 7,612 | 0.01% | 8,098 | 0.01% | 8,708 | 0.01% | 9,622 | 0.01% | 13,649 | 0.01% | 11,084 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Arabs | Semitic | Caucasus | 466 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 649 | 0.00% | 2,555 | 0.00% | 2,339 | 0.00% | 2,704 | 0.00% | 10,811 | 0.01% | 9,583 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Nağaybäk | Turkic | Urals | 11196 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 9,600 | 0.01% | 8,148 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 7,437 | 0.01% | 7,337 | 0.01% | 6,168 | 0.01% | 7,367 | 0.01% | 7,637 | 0.01% | 8,942 | 0.01% | 8,743 | 0.01% | 7,953 | 0.01% | ||||||||||
Dolgans (in Yakuts 1939–1959) | Turkic | Siberia | 656 | 0.00% | 4,718 | 0.00% | 4,911 | 0.00% | 6,584 | 0.00% | 7,261 | 0.01% | 7,885 | 0.01% | ||||||||||||||
Veps | Uralic | Northwest | 32,783 | 0.04% | 31,442 | 0.03% | 16,170 | 0.01% | 8,057 | 0.01% | 7,550 | 0.01% | 12,142 | 0.01% | 8,240 | 0.01% | 5,936 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Afghans | Iranian | Moscow | 38 | 0.00% | 190 | 0.00% | 175 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 184 | 0.00% | 858 | 0.00% | 9,800 | 0.01% | 5,350 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Meskhetian Turks (in Turks 1926–1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 3,527 | 0.00% | 4,825 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nivkh | Nivkh | Far East | 4,076 | 0.00% | 3,857 | 0.00% | 3,690 | 0.00% | 4,356 | 0.00% | 4,366 | 0.00% | 4,631 | 0.00% | 5,162 | 0.00% | 4,652 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Udis | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 35 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,102 | 0.00% | 3,721 | 0.00% | 4,267 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Indians | Indo-Aryan | European Russia | 17 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,378 | 0.00% | 181 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 4,980 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Shapsugs (in Adyghe 1926–1989) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,231 | 0.00% | 3,882 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Persians | Iranian | Caucasus | 8,626 | 0.01% | 6,041 | 0.01% | 2,490 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 1,747 | 0.00% | 2,572 | 0.00% | 3,821 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Uygurs | Turkic | Siberia | 26 | 0.00% | 642 | 0.00% | 720 | 0.00% | 1,513 | 0.00% | 1,707 | 0.00% | 2,577 | 0.00% | 2,867 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Selkups | Uralic | Siberia | 1,630 | 0.00% | 2,604 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,518 | 0.00% | 3,564 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,649 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Soyots (in Buryats 1939–1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 229 | 0.00% | 2,769 | 0.00% | 3,608 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Serbs | Slavic | European Russia | 1,278 | 0.00% | 2,373 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 815 | 0.00% | 1,580 | 0.00% | 4,156 | 0.00% | 3,510 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Romanians | Romance | European Russia | 2,881 | 0.00% | 2,682 | 0.00% | 3,316 | 0.00% | 4,093 | 0.00% | 3,837 | 0.00% | 5,996 | 0.00% | 5,308 | 0.00% | 3,201 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Itelmeni | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 803 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,096 | 0.00% | 1,255 | 0.00% | 1,335 | 0.00% | 2,429 | 0.00% | 3,180 | 0.00% | 3,193 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Mongols | Mongolic | Siberia | 548 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,511 | 0.00% | 3,759 | 0.00% | 1,812 | 0.00% | 2,117 | 0.00% | 2,656 | 0.00% | 2,986 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Kumandins | Turkic | Siberia | 6,335 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,114 | 0.00% | 2,892 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Hungarians | Uralic | European Russia | 3,882 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 4,175 | 0.00% | 6,681 | 0.01% | 4,313 | 0.00% | 5,742 | 0.00% | 3,768 | 0.00% | 2,781 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Ulchs | Tungusic | Far East | 723 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 2,049 | 0.00% | 2,410 | 0.00% | 2,494 | 0.00% | 3,173 | 0.00% | 2,913 | 0.00% | 2,765 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Teleuts | Turkic | Siberia | 1,898 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,650 | 0.00% | 2,643 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Talysh | Iranian | Caucasus | 0 | 0.00% | 47 | 0.00% | 33 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.00% | 202 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 2,529 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Crimean Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 2,852 | 0.00% | 5,165 | 0.00% | 21,275 | 0.01% | 4,131 | 0.00% | 2,449 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Besermyan (in Udmurts 1939–1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 10,035 | 0.01% | 3,122 | 0.00% | 2,201 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hemshins | Indo-European | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,542 | 0.00% | 2,047 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Kamchadals | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 4216 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,293 | 0.00% | 1,927 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Czechs | Slavic | European Russia | 7,996 | 0.01% | 7,526 | 0.01% | 7,174 | 0.01% | 6,073 | 0.00% | 4,491 | 0.00% | 4,375 | 0.00% | 2,904 | 0.00% | 1,898 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Sami | Uralic | European Russia | 1,715 | 0.00% | 1,828 | 0.00% | 1,760 | 0.00% | 1,836 | 0.00% | 1,775 | 0.00% | 1,835 | 0.00% | 1,991 | 0.00% | 1,771 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Dungans | Sino-Tibetan | Siberia | 6,009 | 0.01% | 48 | 0.00% | 169 | 0.00% | 304 | 0.00% | 1,159 | 0.00% | 635 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,651 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Eskimo | Eskimo–Aleut | Far East | 1,292 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,111 | 0.00% | 1,265 | 0.00% | 1,460 | 0.00% | 1,704 | 0.00% | 1,750 | 0.00% | 1,738 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Yukaghir | Yukaghir | Far East | 443 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 440 | 0.00% | 593 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,112 | 0.00% | 1,509 | 0.00% | 1,603 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Tats | Iranian | Caucasus | 223 | 0.00% | 5,136 | 0.00% | 8,753 | 0.01% | 12,748 | 0.01% | 19,420 | 0.01% | 2,303 | 0.00% | 1,585 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Americans | Germanic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 457 | 0.00% | 273 | 0.00% | 785 | 0.00% | 81 | 0.00% | 185 | 0.00% | 1,275 | 0.00% | 1,572 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Udege (incl. Taz 1926–1989) | Tungusic | Far East | 1,357 | 0.00% | 1,701 | 0.00% | 1,395 | 0.00% | 1,396 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 1,902 | 0.00% | 1,657 | 0.00% | 1,496 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
French | Romance | European Russia | 1,338 | 0.00% | 991 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 1,243 | 0.00% | 305 | 0.00% | 352 | 0.00% | 819 | 0.00% | 1,475 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Karakalpaks | Turkic | Volga | 14 | 0.00% | 306 | 0.00% | 988 | 0.00% | 2,267 | 0.00% | 1,743 | 0.00% | 6,155 | 0.00% | 1,609 | 0.00% | 1,466 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Italians | Romance | European Russia | 749 | 0.00% | 713 | 0.00% | 525 | 0.00% | 889 | 0.00% | 356 | 0.00% | 627 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | 1,370 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Ket | Yeniseian | Siberia | 1,428 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,017 | 0.00% | 1,161 | 0.00% | 1,072 | 0.00% | 1,084 | 0.00% | 1,494 | 0.00% | 1,219 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Spanish | Romance | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 2,290 | 0.00% | 1,615 | 0.00% | 2,631 | 0.00% | 1,961 | 0.00% | 2,054 | 0.00% | 1,547 | 0.00% | 1,162 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Slovenes | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,008 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Chuvans (in Chukchi 1939–1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 704 | 0.00% | 1,384 | 0.00% | 1,087 | 0.00% | 1,002 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||
British | Germanic | European Russia | 517 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 312 | 0.00% | 542 | 0.00% | 115 | 0.00% | 223 | 0.00% | 529 | 0.00% | 950 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Japanese | Japonic | Far East | 79 | 0.00% | 922 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% | 1,141 | 0.00% | 655 | 0.00% | 591 | 0.00% | 835 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Nganasans (in Nenets 1926–1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 721 | 0.00% | 823 | 0.00% | 842 | 0.00% | 1,262 | 0.00% | 834 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||
Mountain Jews | Semitic | Caucasus | 15,612 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | 19,352 | 0.02% | 15,434 | 0.01% | 6,509 | 0.00% | 11,282 | 0.01% | 3,394 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Tofas | Turkic | Siberia | 2,828 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 476 | 0.00% | 570 | 0.00% | 576 | 0.00% | 722 | 0.00% | 837 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Cubans | Romance | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,175 | 0.00% | 1,566 | 0.00% | 707 | 0.00% | 676 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Orochs (incl. Oroks 1970–1979) | Tungusic | Far East | 646 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 779 | 0.00% | 1,037 | 0.00% | 1,040 | 0.00% | 883 | 0.00% | 686 | 0.00% | 596 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Negidals | Tungusic | Far East | 683 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 495 | 0.00% | 477 | 0.00% | 587 | 0.00% | 567 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Pakistani | Indo-Aryan | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 507 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Aleut | Eskimo–Aleut | Far East | 353 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 399 | 0.00% | 410 | 0.00% | 489 | 0.00% | 644 | 0.00% | 540 | 0.00% | 482 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Pamiris | Iranian | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 363 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Chulyms | Turkic | Siberia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 656 | 0.00% | 355 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Macedonians | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 325 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Slovaks | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | 497 | 0.00% | 758 | 0.00% | 439 | 0.00% | 711 | 0.00% | 568 | 0.00% | 324 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Croats | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 174 | 0.00% | 115 | 0.00% | 479 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 304 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Oroks (in Orochs 1970–1979) | Tungusic | Far East | 162 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 2 | 0.00% | 179 | 0.00% | 346 | 0.00% | 295 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||
Taz (in Udege 1926–1989) | Sino-Tibetan | Far East | 276 | 0.00% | 274 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Izhorians | Uralic | European Russia | 16,136 | 0.02% | 7,720 | 0.01% | 564 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 327 | 0.00% | 266 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Bosnians | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 256 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Enets (in Nenets 1926–1979) | Uralic | Siberia | 198 | 0.00% | 237 | 0.00% | 227 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ruthenians | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 97 | 0.00% | 225 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Karaites | Turkic | European Russia | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,236 | 0.00% | 939 | 0.00% | 680 | 0.00% | 366 | 0.00% | 205 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Montenegrins | Slavic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 181 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Krymchaks | Turkic | European Russia | 6,185 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 249 | 0.00% | 389 | 0.00% | 1,365 | 0.00% | 338 | 0.00% | 157 | 0.00% | 90 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Georgian Jews | South Caucasian | Caucasus | 82 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 109 | 0.00% | 109 | 0.00% | 130 | 0.00% | 1,172 | 0.00% | 53 | 0.00% | 78 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Votes | Uralic | European Russia | 705 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 73 | 0.00% | 64 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Central Asian Rroma | Indo-Aryan | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 486 | 0.00% | 49 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Central Asian Jews | Semitic, Turkic, Iranian | European Russia | 93 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 99 | 0.00% | 91 | 0.00% | 336 | 0.00% | 1,407 | 0.00% | 54 | 0.00% | 32 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Kereks (in Chukchi 1926–1989) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 8 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Dagestan Peoples (SDP) | Caucasus | 20,962 | 0.02% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Siberian Peoples (SSP) | Siberia | 11,824 | 0.01% |
Ethnic groups in Russia (2010)[3]
Although the constitution of Russia recognizes Russian as the official language, the individual republics may declare one or more official languages. Many of these subjects have at least two—Russian and the language of the "eponymous" nationality.[4] There is a minority language scene in most subjects of the country, with more than 1,350 newspapers and magazines, 300 TV channels and 250 radio stations in over 50 of these minority languages. Moreover, new legislation allows usage of minority languages in federal radio and TV broadcasting.[citation needed]
In 2007, there were 6,260 schools which provided teaching in 38 minority languages. Over 75 minority languages were taught as a discipline in 10,404 schools.[citation needed] The Ministers of Council of Europe has noted significant efforts to improve the supply of minority language textbooks and teachers, as well as a greater availability of minority language teaching. However, as Ministers has noted, there remain shortcomings in the access to education of a person(s) belonging to certain minorities.[citation needed]
There are more than 2,000 national minorities' public associations and 560 national cultural autonomies, however the Committee of Ministers has noted that in many regions, amount of state support for the preservation and development of minority cultures is still inadequate.[citation needed] There's a significant difference between "eponymous" ethnic groups and nationalities without their own national territory, as resources of the last are relatively limited.
The Russian language is the core of Russia. But at the same time, Russia is the state with the largest number of Turkic peoples in the world. Turkic substrate is quantitatively the most significant in Russia, after the Russian core: Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Turkmens, Tatars, Bashkirs, Azerbaijanis, Balkars, Karachays, Yakuts, etc.
Since the end of the 19th century, the largest Jewish community in the world existed in the Russian Empire. In 1880, 67% of the entire Jewish people[clarification needed] lived here.[citation needed] Israel is considered the most Russian-speaking country, after the countries of the former USSR. We can find Jewish roots in most of the Nobel-Prize winners and prominent scientists from Russia. Accordingly, the Jewish substratum is qualitatively the most significant, after the Russian. As a result, we can say that modern Russia is a state with significant Turkic and Jewish components.[citation needed]
Russia is also home to a particular category of minority peoples, i.e. small indigenous peoples of the North and Far East, who maintain very traditional lifestyles, often in a hazardous climatic environment, while adapting to the modern world. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia passed legislation to protect rights of these small northern indigenous peoples.
Gil-Robles has noted agreements between indigenous representatives and oil companies, which are to compensate potential damages on peoples habitats due to oil exploration. As Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe noted in 2007,[5] despite some initiatives for development, the social and economic situation of numerically small indigenous peoples was affected by recent legislative amendments at the federal level, removing some positive measures as regards their access to land and other natural resources.[6]