This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.
This list is divided into two parts:
- Cognomens: Also called cognomina. These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles. Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, and "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
- Sobriquets: Names which have become identified with a particular person, and are recognizable when used instead of the personal name. Some are used only in a particular context: for example, "Grandmother of Europe" for Queen Victoria is generally only used when referring to her family links throughout the royal families of Europe. On the other hand, in some cases the nickname supersedes the personal name, and the individual is referred to by this nickname even in scholarly works: for example, Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is universally known by his nickname, Caligula.
Notes:
- Nicknames are listed in each section alphabetically, ignoring articles and prepositions.
- Non-English words are rendered in italics, and translated where possible.
- When the name and nickname are rendered in a non-English language, the nickname will be in boldface italics.
Cognomen
A swung dash, or tilde (~), is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed", followed by entries about Sviatopolk, Alexander and Tekle Haymanot, means "Sviatopolk the Accursed", "Alexander the Accursed" and "Tekle Haymanot the Accursed".
A
B
- "~ the Bad":
- "~ the Bald":
- "~ Barbarossa":[b] Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (German: Friederich Barbarossa)[30]
- "~ Barefoot" or "~ Bareleg": Magnus III of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus Barfot)[31]
- "~ Barn-Lock": Magnus III of Sweden (Swedish: Magnus Ladulås)[32]
- "~ the Bastard":
- "~ the Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon (Spanish: Alfonso, el Batallador; also known as Alfonso the Warrior)[37]
- "~ the Bavarian": Louis IV of Germany (German: Ludwig der Bayer)[38]
- "~ the Bear": Albert the Bear (German: Albrecht der Bär)[39]
- "~ the Bearded":
- "~ Beauclerk" or "~ Beauclerc" (French, "Good Clerk"): Henry I of England (French: Henri Beauclerc)[49]
- "~ the Beer Jug": John George I, Elector of Saxony (German: Johann Georg der Bierkrug)[50]
- "~ the Beloved": Louis XV of France (French: Louis le Bien-Aimé)[51]
- "~ the Bewitched": Charles II of Spain (Spanish: Carlos el Hechizado)[52]
- "~ the Bibliophile": Manuel II of Portugal (Portuguese: Manuel o Bibliófilo; more commonly known as Manuel the Patriot or Manuel the Unfortunate)[citation needed]
- "~ the Big Nest": Vsevolod III Yuriyevich of Vladimir (Russian: Все́волод III Ю́рьевич Большо́е Гнездо́, Vsévolod III Yúr'yevich 'Bol'shóe Gnezdó)[53]
- "~ the Black Prince": Edward the Black Prince (French: Édouard le Prince Noir)[54]
- "~ the Black":
- "~ the Blessed": Alexander I of Russia (Russian: Александр Благословенный)[61]
- "~ the Blind":
- "~ the Blind Earl": Edward de Courtenay, 3rd/11th Earl of Devon[69]
- "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Sarı Sultân Selim)[70]
- "~ Bloodaxe": Eric I of Norway (Old Norse: Eiríkr Blóðöx)[71]
- "~ the Bloodthirsty": Ismail of Morocco (Arabic: إسماعيل المتعطش للدماء)[72]
- "Bloody ~": Mary I of England[73]
- "~ the Bloody": Nicholas II of Russia (Russian: Николай II Кровавый)[74]
- "~ Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark (Old Norse: Haraldr blátönn)[75]
- "~ the Bold":
- "~ the Boneless": Ivar Ragnarsson (Old Norse: Ívarr hinn Beinlausi)[80]
- "~ the Bookish" or "~ the Book-Lover": Coloman of Hungary (Hungarian: Könyves Kálmán; more commonly known as Coloman the Learned)[81][82][83]
- "~ the Boulonnais": Afonso III of Portugal (Portuguese: Afonso o Bolonhês)[84]
- "~ the Brash": Olof of Denmark[citation needed]
- "~ the Brave":
- "~ the Brilliant": George V of Georgia (Georgian: გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე, romanized: giorgi V brts'q'invale)[90]
- "~ the Broad-shouldered": Haakon II of Norway (Old Norse: Hákon Herdebrei)[91]
- "~ Broom-plant": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (French: Geoffroy Plantagenet; also known as Geoffrey the Handsome or Geoffrey the Fair)[92]
- "~ the Brown": Donnchadh mac Flainn, High King of Ireland (Irish: Donnchad Donn)[93]
- "~ the Bruce": Robert I of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis)[94]
- "~ Builder":
- "~ the Builder King": Leopold II of Belgium (French: Léopold le roi bâtisseur, Dutch: Leopold de Koning-Bouwheer)[96]
- "~ Bulgar-Slayer": Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (Greek: Βασίλειος Βουλγαροκτόνος, Basíleios Boulgaroktónos)[97]
C
- "~ Capet":[c] Hugh Capet (French: Hugues Capet)[98]
- "~ the Cabbage": Ivaylo of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Ивайло Лахана, Greek: Ιβάιλο o Λαχανάς)[99]
- "~ the Capacidónio":[d] Peter III of Portugal (Portuguese: Pedro o Capacidónio; also known as Peter the Builder)[citation needed]
- "~ the Cardinal-King": Henry, King of Portugal (Portuguese: Henrique o Cardeal-Rei)[100]
- "~ the Capuched": Sancho II of Portugal (Portuguese: Sancho o Capelo; also known as Sancho the Hooded or Sancho the Pious)[101]
- "~ the Catholic":
- "~ the Caulker": Michael V, Byzantine Emperor (Greek: Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, Michaíl Kalaphátis)[108]
- "~ the Ceremonious": Peter IV of Aragon (Spanish: Pedro el Ceremonioso, Catalan: Pere el Cerimoniós)[109]
- "~ the Chaste":
- "~ the Chief": Kenneth III of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Coinneach An Donn)
- "~ the Child"
- "~ the Clement": John VI of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Clemente)
- "~ the Clubfoot": Sverker I of Sweden (Swedish: Sverker Klumpfot)
- "~ Coal-Burner": Anund Jacob of Sweden (Old Norse: Emund Kolbränna)[113]
- "~ the Confessor": Edward the Confessor (of England), also known as Saint Edward
- "~ the Colonizer": John III of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Colonizador)
- "~ the Conqueror":
- "~ the Constable Prince": John, Constable of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Infante Condestável)
- "~ the Constant": John, Elector of Saxony (German: Johann der Beständige)
- "~ Corvinus" (from Latin "like a raven"): Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (Hungarian: Corvinus Mátyás; Romanian: Matei Corvin)
- "~ the Courteous": William, Duke of Austria (German: Wilhelm der Freundliche)[114]
- "~ the Crosseyed": Vasili Kosoi, Muscovian usurper (Russian: Василий Косой, Vasiliy Kosoy)
- "~ Crouchback":
- "~ the Cruel":
- "~ the Crusader":
- "~ the Curly" Bolesław IV the Curly (Polish: Bolesław Kędzierzawy)
- "~ Curthose" (Middle English, "short stockings"): Robert II, Duke of Normandy (French: Robert Courtehouse)
- "~ Curtmantle" (Middle English, "short cloak"): Henry II of England
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
- "~ the Mad":
- "~ the Madman": Donald II of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Dòmhnall Dásachtach)
- "~ the Magnanimous":
- "~ the Magnificent":
- "~ the Maiden":
- "~ Martel" (Old French, "The Hammer"):
- "~ the Man": John II of Portugal (Spanish: Juan el Hombre, a nickname given to him by Isabella of Castile)
- "~ the Martyr":
- "~ the Master of Avis": John I of Portugal (Portuguese: João o Mestre de Avis, a reference to his position as Master of the Order of Avis before his election as King)
- "~ the Memorable": Eric II of Denmark
- "~ the Merry": Charles II of England
- "~ the Mild": Halfdan of Romerike and Vestfold
- "~ the Middle": Pippin of Herstal
- "~ the Mighty": Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia
- "~ Minus-a-Quarter": Michael VII Dukas, Byzantine Emperor
- "~ Moneybags": Ivan I of Russia
- "~ the Monk":
- "~ Monk's-Cloak"?: Jon Kuvlung of Norway
- "~ Monomakh" (Russian "Мономах", from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
- "~ Monomakhos" (from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
- "~ the Moor": Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
- "the Most Beautiful ~": Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile (Portuguese: Fermosíssima Maria)
- "Mother ~": Menelik II of Ethiopia (Amharic: እምዬ ምኒልክ imiyē Minīlik
- "~ the Missed-King": Manuel II of Portugal (Portuguese: Manuel o Rei-Saudade)
- "The Mouth": Sigurd II of Norway
- "~ the Musician-King:
N
O
- "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337–1378)
- "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271–1303)
- "The Oceanographer":
- "~ The Old" (Cat. el Vell, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieux, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Velloso, Swe. den Gamle, Tgl. Matanda):
- Ache of Luzon (c. 1480–1572)
- Albert I of Carpi
- Albert II of Wedenberg-Heiligenberg (1327–1370)
- Arnulf I, Count of Flanders (also known as "the great"
- Basarab Laiota, Prince of Wallachia
- Boso I, Count of La Marche
- Coel Hen (Welsh for "Coel the Old"; king of the Brittonic "Hen Ogledd" ("Old North"); possibly legendary)
- Konrad III of Silesia (Polish: Konrad III Stary)
- Dyfnwal Hen (Welsh for "Dyfnwal the Old") of Alt Clut
- Emund II of Sweden
- Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1495–1540
- Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" (German: der Alte Fritz)
- George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620–1623
- Gorm of Denmark
- Guthrum
- Haakon IV of Norway
- Igor of Kiev
- Michael II of Beloozero (1432–1486)
- Mieszko III of Poland
- Pippin of Landen
- Raymond VI of Toulouse
- Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona
- Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232); also "the Kind"
- Sigismund I of Poland
- Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380)
- William, Count of Nassau, 1538–1559
- "The Old Dessauer": Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
- "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige):
- "~ the One-Eyed":
- "The Oppressed": Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen (German: Dietrich der Bedrängte)
- "~ the Oppressor": Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: Portuguese: Filipe o Opressor)
- "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250–1295)
- "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England
- "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y