You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.214.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 16:45, 10 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:57, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:57, 18 February 2025
Your current IP address is 44.214.142.253. The blocked range is 44.214.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Ethnic group))
((more citations needed|date=May 2019))((Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Tai Nüa
| native_name      = ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ
| flag             = 
| flag_caption     = 
| image            = Tai Nua in China.png
| image_caption    = Tai Nüa man and woman
| population       = 540,000–700,000 (((estimate)))
| popplace         = ((flag|China)) (Yunnan Province)<br/>
((flag|Thailand))
((flag|Laos))
((flag|Myanmar)) (Shan State and Kachin State)
| languages        = [[Tai Nua]]
| religions        = [[Buddhism]] and [[Tai folk religion]]
| related_groups   = [[Ahom people|Tai Ahom]], [[Tai people]], [[Lao people|Tai Lao]], [[Thai people|Tai Thai]], [[Shan people]]
))

'''Tai Nüa''' ([[Tai Nuea language|Dehong Dai]]: ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ ''Tai Lə;'' Chinese: 傣那 ''Dǎinà'') is one of the [[Tai peoples|Tai]] ethnicities in [[Southeast Asia|South East Asia]]. They are mostly found in the [[Yunnan]] Province of [[China]], [[Laos]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar|Burma]] and [[Vietnam]] and some have emigrated to the [[United States|United States of America]]. There are however two different groups of Tai people called Tai Nua, one in China and Burma, the other in Laos.<ref name="schliesinger1"/>

==Names==
Tai Nua/Lua can be written as '''Tai Neua''', '''Tai Nuea''', '''Tai Nüa''' or '''Dai Nua''' and sometimes '''Tai Nau'''. They are also known as '''Dehong Dai,''' '''Dehong Tailurian''' and '''Chinese Shan'''. The word ''Nua'' ([[Thai language|Thai]]: เหนือ [[Tai Nuea language|Dehong Dai]]: ᥘᥫᥴ  ''Lə'') in the [[Tai languages]] means "north", ''Tai Nua'' ([[Thai language|Thai]]: ไทเหนือ [[Tai Nuea language|Dehong Dai]]: ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ  therefore means "Northern Tai" and is used by Tai people to refer to other Tai groups living to the north.<ref name="schliesinger1">((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iUjBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA230|title=Ethnic Groups of Laos Vol 3: Profile of Austro-Thai-Speaking Peoples|first= Joachim|last= Schliesinger|date=11 January 2015|pages=230–237|publisher=BooksMango|isbn=9781633232396))</ref> However, the naming of the Tai people can be confusing; some publications may also use Dai Kong, Dai Loe, Tai Mao and others, and two different groups of Tai people are called Tai Nua.<ref name=joshua /><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=15193&rog3=LA|title=Tai Nua, Chinese Shan in Laos|work=Joshua Project))</ref>

==History==
[[File:MuangSing TribalMuseum4 tango7174.jpg|thumb|upright|Tai Neua people in Laos]]
Tai Neua was one of many ethnics in China who prospered during 17th and 18th century.((Citation needed|date= May 2019)) They came from an area referred to as Muang Neua and were called Tai Muang Neua. The former kingdom of the Tai Nua people had its capital at Muang Boo; other main cities included Muang Khwan, Muang Guoen Mai.<ref name="schliesinger1"/>

Tai Nua had many warlords of their own which they referred to as [[Jao Fa]] (Lord of Sky) There were many Jao Fa or Khun descent to as late as early 19th century.((Citation needed|date= May 2019)) There are still many Tai Nua villages in China that are still preserving their own heritages. Although Tai Nua in China are considered as a small minority group, they still have many of their
relatives living in many countries in South East Asia, Europe and America.

Some of Tai Neua escaped depredation from [[China]] during early 19th century and divided into 3 different routes as they reached [[Laos]], [[Thailand]] and [[Myanmar|Burma]]. Tai Neua in Laos are found in 9 villages, including Ban Koum, Ban Patoy, Ban Nam Keoluang, Ban Siriheuang and Ban Tong Mai.<ref>((cite web|url= http://www.muangsingtravel.com/ms_info/ethnic_diversity.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714060033/http://www.muangsingtravel.com/ms_info/ethnic_diversity.htm|archivedate= 14 July 2014|title=Ethnic Diversity in Muang Sing, Luang Namtha Province, Laos))</ref> There are as many as 16 villages of Tai Nuea people living in Kiang Tung (Xiang Tung) Burma. Five of the villages located right inside the town of Xiang Tung such as: Xao Paed, Bo Heua, Nong Kham, Pa Laeng and Suan Luang.((Citation needed|date= May 2019))

Since Laos civil war in the middle of 1960, some Tai Neua had fled Muang Sing to escape newly communist control in Muang Sing to Bokeo province and settled in 25&nbsp;km to the North of Ban Houeisai called Ban Namkeung Mai. This little slope area along the Mekong river is first settle by Yao or Mien ethnic during the CIA war. Chao La was chief of this village. His family and the families of other Mien officials and military members. Tai Neua fled from Muangsing during 1965 to settle in Nam Keung Mai with few families then when Nam Touiy was lost to communist in early 1973 all of Tai Neua in Nam Touiy fled to join the rest of Tai Nuea in Ban Namkeung Mai. Although, a few families had fled to other countries after Laos lost its war to total communist control in early 1975. Those who fled from Ban Namkeung Mai are now reside in America, France, Switzerland and Canada. Today, more than 30 of Tai Neua families still living in Ban Namkeung Mai, Laos. Ban Namkeung Mai has become the 6th village of Tai Nuea in Laos.((Citation needed|date= May 2019))

==Demographics==
Today, most of the Tai Nua people live in China, where they are classified with related [[Tai peoples]] as the [[Dai people]], one of the 56 [[Ethnic minorities in China|ethnic groups]] officially recognized by the [[China|People's Republic of China]]. The number is estimated at be around 540,000 in China (2001 census), around 700,000 in total including other countries.<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F35eDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA179|title=Origin of the Tai People 5―Cradle of the Tai People and the Ethnic Setup Today|first= Joachim|last= Schliesinger|date=2 June 2018|page= 179|publisher=BooksMango|isbn=9781641531825))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/languages.php?rol3=tdd|title=Language: Tai Nua|work=Joshua Project))</ref> The Tai Nua people are [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], but mixed with [[animism]] and [[polytheism]].<ref name=joshua>((cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15193/CH|title=Tai Nua, Chinese Shan in China|work=Joshua Project))</ref>

==Language==
The [[Tai Nuea language]] is closely related to other [[Tai languages]]. It has its own scripts, the [[Tai Le script|Tai Le]] or Dehong Dai script, which is used in [[Yunnan]], China.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tdd|title=Tai Nüa|work=Ethnologue))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tainua.htm|title=Tai Nua|work=Omniglot))</ref> However, the Tai Nua people of the [[Houaphanh Province]] in Laos speak a different dialect from the Tai Nua of Yunnan and Burma; the one spoken in Yunnan is a [[Southwestern Tai languages|Southwestern Tai]] dialect, while the Laotian one has [[Northern Tai languages|Northern Tai]] features.<ref name="schliesinger1"/>

==Culture==
The Tai Nua people have their own culture, tradition, language and literature.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.phouiu-ecotourism-laos.com/lnt_info/ethnic_in_lnt/Tai_Neua.html|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104061408/http://www.phouiu-ecotourism-laos.com/lnt_info/ethnic_in_lnt/Tai_Neua.html|archivedate=4 November 2014|title=Phou Iu Travel and Eco-Tours, Laos))</ref> Among their many festivities is the New Year "Jin Leun Sam", which is normally falling on the first day of the third month of lunar calendar. The New year celebration is considered as a very important festival in the Tai Neua tradition. Those living outside of the hometown would return for the celebration with the family and friends.((Citation needed|date= May 2019))

The festivities could go on a week long with many activities such as riding swing set "Ki Tong Ja", spinning [[top]]s and competitions "Toh Mark Khang" and tossing bean bags "Peak Gon". This is the time for all the kids to ask for forgiveness from their elders "Su Ma" by preparing a plate off offering with flowers, candles, incenses. The kids then kneel in front of elders and offer the plate with asking for intentional or unintentional mishaps that they may have imposed upon their elders, then the elders would give them the word of forgiveness and bless them with New Year's blessings and tie their wrists with white string to signify the sacrament of the procession.((Citation needed|date= May 2019))

It is also the time for Tai Neua people to make traditional cake such as Sesame rice cake "Khao Pook Nga"; rice ball cake "Kao Ke Mah" and people would invite friends and family to join with special meals throughout the week long until the very first day of New Year "Meu Ho Leun Sam" then the festivity will be held at the temple for the big and final celebration with the blessing of the monks.((Citation needed|date= May 2019))

Daiju (傣剧) which is classified as a form of "minority drama" (shaoshan minzu xiqu, 少数民族戏曲), is most popular in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, as well as in neighboring Baoshan, both prefectures in westernmost Yunnan province, bordering Burma's Kachin and Shan states. It combines traditional Dai music and dance with stories drawn from long narrative poems (叙事长诗) and folk tales (often from Buddhist tradition), blended with elements derived from Han Chinese theatrical traditions including Dianju (滇剧, Yunnan opera), Beijing opera, and piyingxi (皮影戏, shadow puppet plays). The genre originated in the late Qing Dynasty, when Dai traditional artists and intellectuals worked to translate scripts from Beijing opera, Sichuan opera, and Dianju into the Dai language, creating a new form of theater for Dai people to enjoy. During the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (同治帝, r. 1861–1875), Shang He (尚贺), a resident of Yingjiang County (盈江县, then known as Ganya, 干崖), in what is today Dehong Prefecture, drew on old Dai literature to create the first Daiju play, entitled "Xiang Meng" (相勐).((Citation needed|date= April 2023))

Around 1880, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝, r. 1875–1908), Dao Yingting (刀盈廷), the chief of Ganya, created the play "Mu Ying Zheng Nan" (沐英征南). . Around 1910, following his return from Japan, Dao Yingting's son Dao Anren (刀安仁), a shadow puppetry enthusiast who also served as chief of Ganya, formed the first professional Daiju troupe, which had 30 members, and supervised the creation of new plays such as "Lang Huatie" 《朗画帖》, "Long Gong Bao" 《龙宫保 》, and "Lang Gaohan" 《朗高罕》. During this time, the troupe invited Beijing opera and Dianju performers of Han ethnicity as visiting instructors, also sending Daiju performers to Kunming and other cities to receive further instruction in Chinese opera techniques. Upon the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Daiju was developed further, and the first county- and prefecture-level state troupes were organized in the early 1960s, during which decade many new plays were created and arranged. Following the Cultural Revolution, Daiju performances resumed in 1980. In 1987, a Daiju troupe performed outside China for the first time; each of the performances in Burma drew 10,000 people, an unprecedented occurrence. The genre has been described as a "Shining Pearl of Southeast Asia" (东南亚的明珠).((Citation needed|date= April 2023))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.foodfromnorthernlaos.com/2012/02/22/khao-soi-noodle-making/ Noodle making]
((Ethnic groups in China))((Ethnic groups in Thailand))((Ethnic groups in Laos))((Ethnic groups in Myanmar))
[[Category:Tai peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in China]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Tai Nua people (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Country data China (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Laos (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data MMR (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Country data Myanmar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Thailand (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Estimate (edit)
Template:Ethnic groups in China (edit)
Template:Ethnic groups in Laos (edit)
Template:Ethnic groups in Myanmar (edit)
Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand (edit)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flag (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox ethnic group (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:P2 (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/l (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Tai Nua people.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Nua_people"