A map showing Malaysia's transportation networkThe 966 km North–South Expressway, which runs through seven states in Peninsular Malaysia, is the longest expressway in Malaysia.
Transportation in Malaysia started to develop during British colonial rule, and the country's transport network is now diverse and developed. Malaysia's road network is extensive, covering 290,099.38 kilometres, including 2,016.05 km of expressways (in 2021). The main highway of the country extends over 800 km, reaching the Thai border from Singapore. Peninsular Malaysia has an extensive road network, whilst the road system in East Malaysia is not as well-developed. The main modes of transport in Peninsular Malaysia include buses, trains, cars and to an extent, commercial travel on airplanes.
Malaysia has six international airports. The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. Most of the major cities are connected by air routes. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 km. Popular within the cities are commuter rail and rapid transit, which reduces the traffic load on other systems, and is considered safe, comfortable and reliable.
Malaysia's road network covers 290,099.38 kilometres (180,259 mi), of which 288,083.33 kilometres (179,006.68 mi) is paved/unpaved roads, and 2,016.05 kilometres (1,252.72 mi) is expressways.[1] The longest highway of the country, the North–South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (500 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The Second longest highway is East-Coast Highway (LPT-E8) Spanning almost 500 km from Kuala Lumpur to state capital of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia.[2] Recently, the construction of Pan-Borneo Highway is approved under 2015 Malaysian Budget.[3] The highway project spans 1,663 km (936 km in Sarawak, 727 km in Sabah) mostly mirror the existing trunk road, and it involves the widening of the present three-metre-wide single-carriageway into a dual-carriageway.[4][5]Driving on the left has been compulsory since the introduction of motor vehicles in Federated Malay States in 1903 during British colonial era. It is estimated that 9,432,023 passenger cars is actively using this road network in 2018.[6][7]
The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi). Most of the railway lines are consisted of ballasted setup, along with concrete sleepers, which serves better in wet and humid tropical condition, compared to wooden sleepers which can rot over time. As early as 1980s, due to the need for local suppliers of such products, a few local Malaysian rail manufacturing companies had been formed by collaboration with foreign technology partners.[8][9]
1,792 kilometres (1,113 mi) of it is metre gauge, while 199.5 kilometres (124 mi) is standard gauge. Seven hundred and sixty-seven kilometres of metre gauge tracks and all of the standard gauge tracks are electrified.[10] Intra-city travel is through relatively inexpensive rapid transit systems. Commuter rail and electric train service are available for most major only Kuala Lumpur and its neighbouring states, development of such efficient transportation have not been made in other states that really needs them .[11] Malaysia already approved her first Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail project spanning 375 km between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.[12] This rapid development had spurred growth of local Malaysian rail service Companies which caters these niche needs.
Air
KLIA is the main international airport in Malaysia.Air transport route maps in Malaysia.
Malaysia has 7,200 kilometres (4,474 mi) of waterways,[10] most of them rivers. Of this, 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) are in Peninsular Malaysia, 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) are in Sabah, and 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) are in Sarawak.[10]
Ports and harbours
Shuttle boats ferry to the Malacca-Sumatra ferry (the big yellow boat) anchored offshore near Malacca.
Total: 360 ships (1,000 GT or over) 5,389,397 GT/7,539,178 tonnes deadweight (DWT)
by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8
Foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1
registered in other countries: 75 (2009 est.)
Malaysia has 3 kilometres (2 mi) of condensate pipeline, 1,965 kilometres (1,221 mi) of gas pipeline, 31 kilometres (19 mi) of oil pipeline, and 114 kilometres (71 mi) of refined products pipelines.[10]
^Azmi, Muhammad; Tokai, Akihiro (1 December 2017). "Electric vehicle and end-of-life vehicle estimation in Malaysia 2040". Environment Systems and Decisions. 37 (4): 451–464. doi:10.1007/s10669-017-9647-4. ISSN2194-5411. S2CID114572684.
