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The political slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" is one of the rallying cries from The Communist Manifesto (1848)[1][2][3][4] by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (German: Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!, literally 'Proletarians of all countries, unite!',[5] but soon popularised in English as "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains!").[5][note 1] A variation of this phrase ("Workers of all lands, unite") is also inscribed on Marx's tombstone.[7] The essence of the slogan is that members of the working classes throughout the world should cooperate to defeat capitalism and achieve victory in the class conflict.
Five years before The Communist Manifesto, this phrase appeared in the 1843 book The Workers' Union by Flora Tristan.[8]
The International Workingmen's Association, described by Engels as "the first international movement of the working class" was persuaded by Engels to change its motto from the League of the Just's "all men are brothers" to "working men of all countries, unite!".[9] It reflected Marx's and Engels' view of proletarian internationalism.
The phrase has overlapping meanings: first, that workers should unite in unions to better push for their demands such as workplace pay and conditions;[10][better source needed] secondly, that workers should see beyond their various craft unions and unite against the capitalist system;[11] and thirdly, workers of different countries have more in common with each other than workers and employers of the same country.
The phrase was used by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in their publications and songs[12][13] and was a mainstay on banners in May Day demonstrations. The IWW used it when opposing World War I in both the United States[13] and Australia.[14]
The slogan was the Soviet Union's state motto (Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!; Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!) and it appeared in the State Emblem of the Soviet Union. It also appeared on 1919 Russian SFSR banknotes (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian and Russian),[15] on Soviet ruble coins from 1921 to 1934[16] and was the slogan of Soviet newspaper Pravda.[17]
Some socialist and communist parties continue using it.[18][failed verification]
In the first Swedish translation of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, the translator Pehr Götrek substituted the slogan with Folkets röst, Guds röst! (i.e. Vox populi, vox Dei, or "The Voice of the People, the Voice of God"). However, later translations have included the original slogan.[19]
The guiding motto of the 2nd Comintern congress in 1920, under Lenin's directive, was "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!".[20] This denoted the anti-colonialist agenda of the Comintern, and was seen as an attempt to unite racially-subjugated black people and the global proletariat in anti-imperialist struggle.[20]
This slogan was used by several socialist states and communist parties as their official motto.
In each Soviet republic, the same motto was used in the local language.
Language | Motto | Transliteration | Used by |
---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz | Атәылақуа зегьы рпролетарцәа, шәҽеидышәкыл! | Aṭ°əlakwa zeg'y rproletarc°a, š°čeidyš°kyl! | Abkhaz ASSR |
Armenian | Պրոլետարներ բոլոր երկրների, միացե՛ք | Proletarner bolor yerkrneri, miats’ek’! | Armenian SSR |
Avar | Киналго улкабазул пролетарал, цолъе нуж! | Kinalgo ulkabazul proletaral, |
Dagestan ASSR |
Azerbaijani | Бүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин! | Bütün ölkələrin proletarları, birləşin! | Azerbaijan SSR, Dagestan ASSR |
Bashkir | Бөтә илдәрҙең пролетарийҙәре, берләшегеҙ! | Böte ilderdheꞑ proletarijdhere, berleçegedh! | Bashkir ASSR |
Belarusian | Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! | Praletaryji ŭsich krajin, jadnajciesia! | Byelorussian SSR |
Buryat | Бүхы оронуудай пролетаринар, нэгэдэгты! | Bükhy oronuuday proletarinar, negedegty! | Buryat ASSR |
Chechen | Массо а мехкийн пролетареш, цхьанакхета! | Masso a mexkiyn proletareş, cẋanakxeta! | Checheno-Ingush ASSR Dagestan ASSR |
Chuvash | Пӗтӗм тӗнчери пролетарисем, пӗрлешӗр! | Pĕtĕm tĕnçeri proletarisem, pĕrlešĕr! | Chuvash ASSR |
Crimean Tatar | Бютюн мемлекетлерининъ пролетарлары, бирлешинъиз! | Bütün memleketleriniñ proletarları, birleşiñiz! | Crimean ASSR |
Erzya | Чыла элласе пролетарий-влак, ушныза! | Čila ellase proletarij-vlak, ušniza! | Mordovian ASSR |
Estonian | Kõigi maade proletaarlased, ühinege! | Estonian SSR | |
Finnish | Kaikkien maiden proletaarit, liittykää yhteen! | Karelo-Finnish SSR, Karelian ASSR | |
Georgian | პროლეტარებო ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით! | Proletarebo qvela kveqnisa, sheertdit! | Georgian SSR |
Ingush | Масса а мехкашкара пролетареш вӀашагӀкхета! | Massa a mexkashkara proletaresh vwashaghxeta! | Checheno-Ingush ASSR |
Kabardian | Хэгъэгу пстэухэм япролетариехэр, зы шъухъу! | Xǎg˚ǎgu pstǎuxǎm japroletariexǎr, zə ŝ˚χ˚! | Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR |
Kalmyk | Цуг-орн нутгудын пролетармуд, негдцхәтн! | Cug-orn nutgudyn proletarmud, negdcha̋tn! | Kalmyk ASSR |
Karachay-Balkar | Бютеу дунияны пролетарлары, бирлешигиз! | Byteu duniyany proletarlary, birleşigiz! | Kabardino-Balkar ASSR |
Karakalpak | Барлык эллердин пролетарлары, бирлесиниз! | Barlık ellerdin proletarları, birlesiniz! | Karakalpak ASSR |
Kazakh | Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер! | Barlyq elderdıñ proletarlary, bırıgıñder! | Kazakh SSR |
Komi | Став мувывса пролетарийяс, oтувтчӧй! | Stav muvyvsa proletarijjas, otuvtćöj! | Komi ASSR |
Kyrgyz | Бардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! | Bardık ölkölordün proletarları, birikkile! | Kirghiz SSR |
Latvian | Visu zemju proletārieši, savienojieties! | Latvian SSR | |
Lithuanian | Visų šalių proletarai, vienykitės! | Lithuanian SSR | |
Mari | Чыла элласе пролетарий-влак, ушныза! | Çyla ellase proletarij-vlak, uşnyza! | Mari ASSR |
Moksha | Чыла элласе пролетарий-влак, ушныза! | Či͔la ellase proletarij-vlak, ušni͔za! | Mordovian ASSR |
Ossetian | Ӕппӕт бӕстӕты пролетартӕ баиу ут! | Æppæt bæstæty proletartæ baiu ut! | North Ossetian ASSR |
Romanian (Moldovan Cyrillic) | Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, уници-вэ! | Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă! | Moldavian SSR |
Russian | Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! | Proĺetarii vśeh stran, sojedińajt́eś! | Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Sakha | Бары дойдулар пролетарийдара, холбоһуҥ! | Bary doǐdular proletariǐdara, kholboḣuṅ! | Yakut ASSR |
Tajik | Пролетарҳои ҳамаи мамлакатҳо, як шавед! | Proletarhoji hamaji mamlakatho, jak şaved! | Tajik SSR |
Tatar | Барлык илләрнең пролетарийлары, берләшегез! | Varlık illärneñ proletariyları, berläşegez! | Tatar ASSR |
Turkmen | Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! | Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň! | Turkmen SSR |
Udmurt | Вань странаосысь пролетарийёс, огазеяське! | Van' stranaosys' proletariyyos, ogazeyas'ke! | Udmurt ASSR |
Ukrainian | Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! | Proletari vsich krajin, jednajtesja! | Ukrainian SSR |
Uzbek | Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! | Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlashingiz! | Uzbek SSR |
Language | Motto | Transliteration | Used by |
---|---|---|---|
Albanian | Proletarë të të gjitha vendeve, bashkohuni! | Albania | |
Bulgarian | Пролетарии от всички страни съединявайте се! | Proletárii ot vsíchki straní, sǎеdinyávaite se! | Bulgaria |
Chinese | 全世界無產階級和被壓迫的民族聯合起來! | Quánshìjiè wúchǎnjiējí hé bèi yāpò de mínzú liánhé qǐlai! | Chinese Soviet Republic |
Czech | Proletáři všech zemí, spojte se! | Czechoslovakia | |
Dari | کارگران جهان متحد شوید! | Kârgarân-e jahân mottahed šavid! | Afghanistan |
French | Prolétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous ! | Benin, Madagascar | |
German | Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch! | East Germany, Volga German ASSR | |
Hungarian | Világ proletárjai, egyesüljetek! | Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic | |
Malagasy | Mpiasa eran'izao tontolo izao, mampiray! | Madagascar | |
Mongolian | Орон бүрийн пролетари нар нэгдэгтүн! | Oron büriin proletari nar negdegtün! | Mongolia |
Polish | Proletariusze wszystkich krajów, łączcie się! | Polish People's Republic | |
Romanian | Proletari din toate țările, uniți-vă! | Romania | |
Slovak | Proletári všetkých krajín, spojte sa! | Czechoslovakia, Slovak Soviet Republic | |
Tuvan | Бүгү телегейниң пролетарлары болгаш дарлаткан араттары каттыжыңар! | Pygy delegejniꞑ вroledarlarь polgaş tarladkan araddarь kaddьƶьꞑar! | Tuvan People's Republic, Tuvan ASSR |
The English phrase and its variants (the variant "All power to the workers" is used by some parties such as the Communist Party of Australia) are used by communist parties in the English-speaking world. The list below does not include the mottos of communist parties of the above countries or in languages listed above.
Language | Motto | Transliteration | Used by | Active in |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | يا عمال العالم ويا شعوبه المضطهدة، اتحدوا! | Ya ‘ummāla l-‘ālami wa yā shu‘ūbahu l-muṭṭahada, ittaḥidū! | Jordanian Communist Party | Jordan |
Greek | Προλετάριοι όλων των χωρών, ενωθείτε! | Proletarii ólon ton khorón, enothíte! | Communist Party of Greece | Greece |
Macedonian | Пролетери од сите земји, обединете се! | Proleteri od site zemji, obedinete se! | League of Communists of Macedonia | Yugoslavia |
Malay | Kaum buruh semua negeri, bersatulah! | Malayan Communist Party | Malaysia | |
Serbo-Croatian | Пролетери свих земаља уједините се! | Proleteri svih zemalja, ujedinite se! | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | Yugoslavia |
Slovene | Proletarci vseh dežel, združite se! | League of Communists of Slovenia | Yugoslavia | |
Tagalog | Manggagawa ng lahat ng bansa, magkaisa! | Communist Party of the Philippines | Philippines | |
Turkish | Bütün ülkelerin işçileri ve ezilen halklar, birleşin![a] | Socialist Liberation Party | Turkey |