Politics of Slovakia
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Recent elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The Slovak Republic has been a member of European Union since 2004. Slovakia has been an active participant in U.S.- and NATO-led military actions. There is a joint Czech-Slovak peacekeeping force in Kosovo. After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack on the United States, the government opened its airspace to coalition planes. In June 2002, Slovakia announced that they would send an engineering brigade to Afghanistan.

Slovak Republic is a member of the United Nations and participates in its specialized agencies. It is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the OECD. It also is part of the Visegrád Group (Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Poland), a forum for discussing areas of common concern. Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic entered into a Customs Union upon the division of Czechoslovakia in 1993, which facilitates a relatively free flow of goods and services. Slovak Republic maintains diplomatic relations with 188 countries.

International disputes

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein claims restitution of land in Slovakia confiscated from its princely family in 1918[1] by the then newly established state of Czechoslovakia, the predecessor of the Slovak Republic. The Slovak Republic insists that the power to claim restitution does not go back before February 1948, when the Communists seized power. Slovakia and Liechtenstein established diplomatic relations on 9 December 2009.[2]

Hungary

Bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube.[3]

Multilateral agreements

In July 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine the Prime Minister of Slovakia Eduard Heger made it known that he had entered discussions with the Czech Republic over the protection of Slovak airspace by Czech warplanes in the event that the Slovaks were to donate to the Ukraine the remnants of the Slovak MiG-29 fighter jet fleet, in advance of the fleet's replacement and renewal (at the earliest in 2023) by American F-16 warplanes.[4] The transaction would also include the remnants of Slovakia's Soviet-era T-72 tanks.[4] Czech PM Peter Fiala agreed with this initiative,[5][6] which had been proposed by Ukrainian President Zelensky.[4] The transaction was set to occur in September 2022.[7] In April 2023 it was confirmed that 13 Mig-29 fighters and 30 BVP-1 infantry fighting vehicles were delivered to Ukraine by Slovakia.[8]

International human rights criticism

In June 2020, Slovakia openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law.[9]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Slovakia maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[10]
1  Czech Republic 30 December 1992
2  Albania 1 January 1993
3  Algeria 1 January 1993
4  Argentina 1 January 1993
5  Australia 1 January 1993
6  Austria 1 January 1993
7  Belgium 1 January 1993
8  Brazil 1 January 1993
9  Bulgaria 1 January 1993
10  Canada 1 January 1993
11  Chile 1 January 1993
12  China 1 January 1993
13  Colombia 1 January 1993
14  Croatia 1 January 1993
15  Cuba 1 January 1993
16  Cyprus 1 January 1993
17  Denmark 1 January 1993
18  Ecuador 1 January 1993
19  Egypt 1 January 1993
20  El Salvador 1 January 1993
21  Eswatini 1 January 1993
22  Finland 1 January 1993
23  France 1 January 1993
24  Germany 1 January 1993
25  Greece 1 January 1993
–  Holy See 1 January 1993
26  Hungary 1 January 1993
27  Iceland 1 January 1993
28  India 1 January 1993
29  Indonesia 1 January 1993
30  Iran 1 January 1993
31  Iraq 1 January 1993
32  Ireland 1 January 1993
33  Israel 1 January 1993
34  Italy 1 January 1993
35  Jamaica 1 January 1993
36  Laos 1 January 1993
37  Latvia 1 January 1993
38  Kazakhstan 1 January 1993
39  Kuwait 1 January 1993
40  Kyrgyzstan 1 January 1993
41  Lebanon 1 January 1993
42  Libya 1 January 1993
43  Luxembourg 1 January 1993
44  Malaysia 1 January 1993
45  Malta 1 January 1993
46  Mauritania 1 January 1993
47  Monaco 1 January 1993
48  Mongolia 1 January 1993
49  Morocco 1 January 1993
50  Myanmar 1 January 1993
51  Netherlands 1 January 1993
52  New Zealand 1 January 1993
53  North Korea 1 January 1993
54  Norway 1 January 1993
55  Pakistan 1 January 1993
–  State of Palestine 1 January 1993
56  Peru 1 January 1993
57  Philippines 1 January 1993
58  Poland 1 January 1993
59  Portugal 1 January 1993
60  Qatar 1 January 1993
61  Romania 1 January 1993
62  Russia 1 January 1993
63  Rwanda 1 January 1993
64  San Marino 1 January 1993
65  Senegal 1 January 1993
66  Serbia 1 January 1993
67  Sierra Leone 1 January 1993
68  Slovenia 1 January 1993
69  South Africa 1 January 1993
70  South Korea 1 January 1993
–  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1 January 1993
71  Spain 1 January 1993
72  Sweden 1 January 1993
73   Switzerland 1 January 1993
74  Syria 1 January 1993
75  Tanzania 1 January 1993
76  Thailand 1 January 1993
77  Tunisia 1 January 1993
78  Turkey 1 January 1993
79  Turkmenistan 1 January 1993
80  Uganda 1 January 1993
81  Ukraine 1 January 1993
82  United Kingdom 1 January 1993
83  United States 1 January 1993
84  Uruguay 1 January 1993
85  Venezuela 1 January 1993
86  Vietnam 1 January 1993
87  Yemen 1 January 1993
88  Nicaragua 5 January 1993
89  Costa Rica 6 January 1993
90  Lithuania 6 January 1993
91  Seychelles 6 January 1993
92  Paraguay 8 January 1993
93  Kenya 15 January 1993
94  Benin 19 January 1993
95  Uzbekistan 20 January 1993
96  Maldives 21 January 1993
97  Japan 3 February 1993
98  United Arab Emirates 3 February 1993
99  Tajikistan 4 February 1993
100  Mali 12 February 1993
101  Singapore 12 February 1993
102  Belarus 14 February 1993
103  Estonia 15 February 1993
104  Panama 15 February 1993
105  Sri Lanka 15 February 1993
106  Moldova 16 February 1993
107  Democratic Republic of the Congo 18 February 1993
108  Jordan 3 March 1993
109  Oman 3 March 1993
110  Zimbabwe 3 March 1993
111    Nepal 4 March 1993
112  Bolivia 5 March 1993
113  Bangladesh 12 March 1993
114  Guinea 16 March 1993
115  São Tomé and Príncipe 2 April 1993
116  Cabo Verde 7 April 1993
117  Guatemala 15 April 1993
118  Zambia 5 May 1993
119  Sudan 27 July 1993
120  Nigeria 1 September 1993
121  Angola 30 September 1993
122  Ghana 1 October 1993
123  Mexico 1 October 1993
124  Armenia 14 November 1993
125  Cameroon 15 November 1993
126  Georgia 25 November 1993
127  Azerbaijan 27 November 1993
128  Malawi 30 December 1993
129  North Macedonia 4 March 1994
130  Barbados 14 April 1994
131  Mozambique 10 May 1994
132  Gabon 14 July 1994
133  Eritrea 26 February 1995
134  Niger 26 April 1995
135  Lesotho 8 May 1995
136  Ethiopia 10 May 1995
137  Bahrain 21 May 1995
138  Mauritius 31 May 1995
139  Saudi Arabia 6 June 1995
140  Gambia 18 August 1995
141  Bosnia and Herzegovina 28 December 1995
142  Madagascar 16 February 1996
143  Andorra 3 July 1996
144  Fiji 8 July 1996[11]
145  Belize 6 August 1996
146  Togo 4 January 1997
147  Cambodia 20 February 1997
148  Guyana 2 April 1997
149  Brunei 6 June 1997
150  Burkina Faso 1 August 1997
151  Haiti 26 September 1997
152  Guinea-Bissau 8 October 1997
153  Namibia 9 November 1997
154  Equatorial Guinea 7 December 1997
155  Trinidad and Tobago 28 May 1998
156  Republic of the Congo 30 June 1998
157  Liberia 6 October 1998
158  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9 December 1998
159  Marshall Islands 29 January 1999
160  Grenada 23 February 1999
161  Antigua and Barbuda 21 June 1999
162  Burundi 29 June 1999
163  Papua New Guinea 29 October 1999
164  Samoa 16 March 2000
165  Chad 20 April 2000[12]
166  Djibouti 22 November 2000
167  Dominican Republic 20 March 2001
168  Botswana 29 March 2001
169  Suriname 12 March 2002
170  East Timor 17 October 2002
171  Ivory Coast 28 October 2002
172  Honduras 27 May 2004
173  Bahamas 28 May 2004
174  Saint Lucia 1 May 2005
175  Afghanistan Before 2006[13]
176  Tuvalu 30 January 2006[12]
177  Dominica 7 February 2006
178  Montenegro 28 June 2006
179  Federated States of Micronesia 13 September 2006
180  Palau 24 September 2007
181  Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 September 2008
182  Liechtenstein 21 December 2009
183  Solomon Islands 15 March 2011
184  Nauru 24 June 2011
185  South Sudan 12 December 2011
186  Bhutan 26 September 2012
187  Somalia 23 May 2013
188  Comoros 6 June 2017[14]

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
 European Union See 2004 enlargement of the European Union

Slovakia joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

 NATO

Slovakia joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004.

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Kenya See Kenya–Slovakia relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Belize 1994

Slovakia is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.[15]

 Canada
 Colombia 1 January 1993
  • Formal relations were started in 1993-01-01.
  • Colombia is accredited to Slovakia through its embassy in Vienna, Austria.[16]
  • Slovakia is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
  • Slovakia backed-up Colombia's entry into the OECD and was a key player in the ratification of the Colombia-European Union Free Trade Agreement.[16]
 Dominica

Slovakia is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[15][17]

 Mexico 1 January 1993 See Mexico–Slovakia relations

In November 2017, Slovak President Andrej Kiska paid an official visit to Mexico.[18]

  • Mexico is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in Bratislava.[19]
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Mexico City.[20]
 United States 1 January 1993

See Slovakia–United States relations

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 1994
 China
  • China has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Shanghai.
 India August 1995 See India-Slovakia relations

Since August 1995 India has an embassy in Bratislava and Slovakia has an embassy in New Delhi.[24] The Slovak Government welcomed and appreciated the opening of the Embassy of India, Bratislava (one of 32 resident missions) in August 1995, which was agreed during the former PM Moravcik's visit to India and considered it as a further indication of India's interest in enhancing relations with Slovakia.[25]

 Israel 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993. Israel has an embassy in Bratislava.[26]

 South Korea 22 March 1990 See Slovakia-South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Slovak Republic began on 22 March 1990.

  • First Vice Foreign Minister Cho Tae-yong and his Slovak counterpart Peter Burian signed the Implementing Programme for Cooperation in the Fields of Culture Education Sport and Tourism between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic at the Foreign Ministry in Seoul on 17 March.
  • The Implementing Programme aims to facilitate cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Slovakia in the fields of culture education sport and tourism, including people-to-people and content exchanges It also encourages the two countries to participate in cultural and sport events hosted by the other country.
  • This Implementing Programme is the first implementing programme signed since the Republic of Korea and Slovakia concluded the Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Culture, Education and Tourism in 2007. The Implementing Programme is expected to contribute to expanding bilateral exchanges and promoting friendly relations by encouraging the two countries to implement cooperation programs in culture, education, sport and tourism for the next three years.[28]
    • Slovakian embassy in Seoul.[29]
    • South Korean embassy in Bratislava.[30]
 Turkey See Slovakia–Turkey relations
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Ankara and an consulate-general in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Vietnam See Slovakia–Vietnam relations

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew form the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[31]

 Austria
 Bulgaria 1 January 1993
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic See Czech Republic – Slovakia relations

Between 1918 and 1 January 1993, both countries were part of Czechoslovakia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993.

  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Prague.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Denmark 1993 See Denmark–Slovakia relations
 Finland
  • Finland is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 France
 Germany 1993 See Germany-Slovakia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993 but previously had relations during World War II when Slovakia was a separate state. Germany has an embassy in Bratislava. Slovakia has an embassy in Berlin, an embassy branch in Bonn, a general consulate in Munich. Germany plays an important part in the Slovak economy as it is Slovakia's main trading partner.

 Greece 1 January 1993
 Hungary 1993 See Hungary–Slovakia relations
 Latvia
  • Both countries established direct diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993. Latvia is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria). Slovakia has an embassy in Riga. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union. Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan met in Riga in 2000.[42]
 Luxembourg

Luxembourg is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic. Slovakia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium) and an honorary consulate in Luxembourg-City.

 Malta See Malta–Slovakia relations

Malta is represented in Slovakia through a non-resident ambassador based in Valletta (in the Foreign Ministry). Slovakia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and an honorary consulate in Valletta.

 Netherlands 1 January 1993
 Poland 1993 See Poland–Slovakia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Bratislava.[44]
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Warsaw and a general consulate in Kraków.[45]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Both countries share 539 km of common borders.[46]
 Romania 1 January 1993 See Romania–Slovakia relations
 Russia 1 January 1993 See Russia–Slovakia relations
 Serbia 1993 See Serbia–Slovakia relations; also see Slovakia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
 Spain See Slovakia–Spain relations
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Sweden
  • Sweden is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • Slovakia supports Sweden's NATO membership.
 Ukraine 1 January 1993 See Slovakia–Ukraine relations
 United Kingdom 1993 See Slovakia–United Kingdom relations

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 1 January 1993

See also

References

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