Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic
Geographic distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk
Early forms	Middle Turkic Karakhanid Khorezmian Chagatai
Subdivisions	Western Turkic Eastern Turkic
Glottolog	None uygh1240  (Eastern Karluk (Uyghur)) uzbe1247  (Western Karluk (Uzbek))
Uzbek     Uyghur     Äynu     Ili

The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.^[1]

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara.

Classification

Languages

• Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers ^[2]
• Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8-11 million speakers ^[3]
• Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
• Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
• Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
• Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Glottolog v4.7 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan Turkic" and classifies them as follows: