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This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.[1]

Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the socialist and non-socialist blocs usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.

Parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät), usually voting with party discipline, which is however not absolute.

Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units of the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups.

Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.[1] Among these conditions are:

A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register but may apply again. (In contrast, a voluntary association has a requirement of 20,000 supporters and is not eligible for party subsidy.)

Parliamentary parties

Party Ideology MPs MEPs CCs Leader Founded Ref
Sozialdemokratische Partei Finnlands Logo.svg
Social Democratic Party,
Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen puolue,
Finlands Socialdemokratiska parti 		Social Democratic Social democracy
40 / 200
2 / 14
1,451 / 8,859
 Sanna Marin 1899 [2][3][4]
Perussuomalaiset Logo.svg
 Finns Party,
Perussuomalaiset,
Sannfinländarna 		Finns National conservatism,
Right-wing populism
38 / 200
2 / 14
1,350 / 8,859
 Riikka Purra 1995 [2][3][4]
Kokoomus nimilogo.svg
 National Coalition Party,
Kansallinen Kokoomus,
Samlingspartiet 		National Coalition Liberal conservatism,
Conservative liberalism
38 / 200
3 / 14
1,552 / 8,859
 Petteri Orpo 1918 [2][3][4]
Keskusta.svg
Centre Party,
Suomen Keskusta,
Centern 		Centre Agrarianism,
Liberalism
31 / 200
2 / 14
2,444 / 8,859
 Annika Saarikko[5] 1906 [2][3][4]
Vihreä Liitto Logo.svg
 Green League,
Vihreä liitto,
Gröna förbundet 		Green League Green politics,
Green liberalism
20 / 200
3 / 14
433 / 8,859
 Maria Ohisalo 1987 [2][3][4]
Left Alliance,
Vasemmistoliitto,
Vänsterförbundet 		Left Alliance Democratic socialism,
Eco-socialism
16 / 200
1 / 14
508 / 8,859
 Li Andersson 1990 [2][3][4]
Sfp rkp logo.gif
 Swedish People's Party,
Svenska folkpartiet,
Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue 		Swedish People's Liberalism,
Swedo-Finnish interests
9 / 200
1 / 14
463 / 8,859
 Anna-Maja Henriksson 1906 [2][3][4]
Finnish Christian Democrats logo FI.svg
Christian Democrats,
Suomen Kristillisdemokraatit,
Kristdemokraterna 		Christian Democrat Christian democracy,
Social conservatism
5 / 200
0 / 14
311 / 8,859
 Sari Essayah 1958 [2][3][4]
Movement Now,
Liike Nyt,
Rörelse Nu 		Movement Now Economic liberalism
1 / 200
0 / 14
49 / 8,859
 Harry Harkimo 2018 [6][7][8][9]
Power Belongs to the People,
Valta kuuluu kansalle,
Makten tillhör folket 		VKK Anti-immigration
Russophilia
Vaccine hesitancy
1 / 200
0 / 14
2 / 8,859
 Ano Turtiainen 2021 [2][4][10]

Extra-parliamentary parties

Registered

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.

Party Ideology CCs Leader Founded Ref
Animal Justice Party
Eläinoikeuspuolue
Djurrättspartiet 		Animal Justice Party of Finland Animal rights 0 Santeri Pienimäki 2016 [2][3][4]
Blue Reform
Sininen tulevaisuus
Blå framtid 		Blue Reform Conservatism
Soft Euroscepticism 		60 Kari Kulmala [fi] 2017 [2][3][4]
Citizens' Party
Kansalaispuolue
Medborgarpartiet 		Citizens' Party Centrism
Euroscepticism 		1 Sami Kilpeläinen 2016 [2][3][4]
Crystal Party
Kristallipuolue
Kristallpartiet 		Crystal Party Alternative medicine
Spirituality
Euroscepticism
Anti-lockdown 		1 Taru Vuorela 2013 [2][3][4][11]
Feminist Party
Feministinen puolue
Feministiska partiet 		Feminist Party Feminism 1 Katju Aro [fi] 2016 [2][3][4]
Communist Party of Finland
Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue
Finlands Kommunistiska Parti 		Communist Party of Finland Communism 2 Juha-Pekka Väisänen [fi] 1994 [2][3][4]
Finnish People First
Suomen Kansa Ensin 		Finnish People First Nationalism 0 Riikka Salmi [fi] 2018 [12][13]
Independence Party
Itsenäisyyspuolue
Självständighetspartiet 		Independence Party (Finland) Euroscepticism
Economic democracy 		2 Henri Aitakari 1994 [2][3][4]
Liberal Party
Liberaalipuolue
Liberalpartiet 		Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose Classical liberalism
Economic liberalism 		5 Harri Kreus 2016 [2][3][4]
The Open Party
Avoin Puolue
Öppna Partiet 		AP Liberalism
Open government
Direct democracy 		1 Petrus Pennanen [fi] 2020 [2][3][4][14]
Pirate Party
Piraattipuolue
Piratpartiet 		Pirate Party (Finland) Pirate politics
Social liberalism 		2 Pekka Mustonen 2008 [2][3][4]
Seven Star Movement
Seitsemän tähden liike
Sjustjärnerörelsen 		Seven Star Movement Political independence
Non-alignment
Anti-immigration 		0 Seppo Hauta-aho 2018 [15][16][17]
Blue-and-Black Movement
Sinimusta Liike
Blåsvarta rörelsen 		Blue-and-Black Movement Finnish nationalism
White nationalism
Anti-immigration 		0 Tuukka Kuru 2021 [18][19][20]
Freedom Alliance
Vapauden Liitto
Frihetsalliansen 		VL Right-wing populism
National conservatism
Christian right 		0 Ossi Tiihonen 2022

Unregistered

Party Ideology CCs Leader Founded Ref
Communist Workers' Party
Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue
Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet 		Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		0 Mikko Vartiainen [fi] 1988 [2][3][4]
Change 2011
Muutos 2011
Förändring 2011 		Change 2011 Direct democracy 0 Anita Saarinen 2009 [4][21][22]
Finnish Islamic Party
Suomen islamilainen puolue
Finska Islamiska Partiet 		Finnish Islamic Party Islamism 0 Abdullah Tammi 2007 [23]

Historical parties

Parliamentary historical parties

Party Founded Dissolved
Finnish Party
Suomalainen Puolue
Finska Partiet 		1863 1918
Young Finnish Party
Nuorsuomalainen Puolue
Ungfinska Partiet 		1894 1918
Christian Workers' Union of Finland
Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL
Kristliga Arbetarförbundet 		1906 1922
People's Party [fi]
Kansanpuolue
Folkpartiet 		1917 1918
Communist Party of Finland
Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP
Finlands Kommunistiska Parti, FKP 		1918 1992
National Progressive Party
Kansallinen Edistyspuolue
Framstegspartiet 		1918 1951
Liberal Swedish Party
Svenska frisinnade partiet
Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue 		1919 1951
Patriotic People's Movement
Isänmaallinen kansanliike
Fosterländska folkrörelsen 		1932 1944
People's Party
Kansanpuolue
Folkpartiet 		1932 1936
Finnish People's Democratic League
Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL
Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk, DFFF 		1945 1990
Liberal League
Vapaamielisten liitto
De Frisinnades Förbund 		1951 1965
Liberals
Liberaalit
Liberalerna 		1965 2011
Finnish People's Unity Party
Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP
Enhetspartiet för Finlands Folk, EFF 		1972 1983
Constitutional Right Party
Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP
Konstitutionella högerpartiet 		1973 1992
Democratic Alternative
Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva
Demokratiskt Alternativ, DA 		1986 1990
Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta
Det Eko-Brokiga Partiet 		1988 2003
People's Party of Finland
Suomen Kansanpuolue
Finska folkpartiet 		1951 1965
Reform Group
Remonttiryhmä
Reformgruppen 		1998 2001
Finnish Rural Party
Suomen Maaseudun Puolue, SMP
Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP 		1959 1995
Small Farmers Party
Pienviljelijäin Puolue
Småbrukarpartiet 		1936 1954
Small Farmers' Party of Finland
Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue
Småbrukarpartiet 		1929 1936
Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders
Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV
Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti 		1924 1930
Socialist Workers' Party of Finland
Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP
Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti 		1920 1923
Socialist Unity Party
Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP
Socialistiska enhetspartiet 		1946 1955
Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders
Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL
Arbetarnas och Småbrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Förbund, ASSF 		1959 1973
Young Finns
Nuorsuomalaiset
Ungfinnarna 		1994 1999

Extra-parliamentary historical parties

Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.
Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Puoluelaki 10/1969" [Party Law 10/1969]. www.finlex.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "List of Registered Parties". Vaalit.fi. Ministry of Justice. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Rekisteröidyt puolueet". Vaalit.fi (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Puolueiden nimet ja lyhenteet". Kielitoimiston ohjepankki (in Finnish). 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Saarikko beats Kulmuni in Centre Party leadership vote". yle. yle.fi. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Här är listan på alla som är med i Harkimos nya rörelse". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  7. ^ Ijäs, Johannes (27 April 2018). "Harkimo (liik) siirretään perussuomalaisten ja keskustan väliin takariviin". Demokraatti (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  8. ^ Karkkola, Minna (7 May 2018). "Tutkija löysi paradoksin Hjallis Harkimon liikkeestä: 'Saadaanko tavoitteella tismalleen päinvastainen lopputulos?'". Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  9. ^ Räsänen, Jukka-Pekka (21 April 2018). "Nimet julki: he ovat Liike Nytin taustalla". Savon Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  10. ^ Koskinen, Mika (2 September 2021). "Ano Turtiaisen Valta kuuluu kansalle merkitty puoluerekisteriin". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  11. ^ "Oikaisuja 11.6.2020 ja 18.6.2020". Outokummun Seutu (in Finnish). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  12. ^ Paakkanen, Mikko (11 December 2018). "Suomeen rekisteröitiin uusi maahanmuuttovastainen puolue". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  13. ^ "Kansallismielinen Suomen Kansa Ensin puoluerekisteriin". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). STT. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  14. ^ "Helsingin valtuustoon uusi yhden hengen ryhmä, perustajana Piraatit jättänyt Petrus Pennanen". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 2 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  15. ^ Pettersson, Dann (1 August 2018). "HS: Paavo Väyrynen misstänkts använda e-postlista från sitt förra parti - 'Uppgifterna är stulna' säger Medborgarpartiet". Yle News (in Swedish). Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  16. ^ "Ex-Centre elder Paavo Väyrynen sets up yet another party". Yle News. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  17. ^ "Seitsemän tähden liike puoluerekisteriin" (in Finnish). Yle. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  18. ^ "Finns Party splinter group dons colours of 1940s fascists". Yle News. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  19. ^ Lehtonen, Marko-Oskari (4 February 2021). "Entisten perussuomalaisten Sinimusta liike ei malttanut odottaa ministeriön päätöstä – aloitti kannattajakorttien keräämisen liian aikaisin". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  20. ^ Pettersson, Tobias (22 January 2021). "Blåsvarta rörelsen en tydlig referens till 30-talets finländska fascism". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  21. ^ "Hirvisaari perustaa Muutos 2011 -nimisen eduskuntaryhmän | Yle Uutiset" (in Finnish). yle.fi. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  22. ^ "Muutospuolue" (in Finnish). Change 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  23. ^ "Islamilainen puolue teki tutkintapyynnön Suposta". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 1 November 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2021.

External links

Political parties in Finland
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List of political parties in Europe
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