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This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Afghanistan	One-party[a]	Taliban No parliamentary opposition	None; see 2021 takeover
Abkhazia	Multi-party	Independents, Amtsakhara Aitaira	2022 (parliament)
Åland	Multi-party	Centre, Moderate Coalition, ObS, Sustainable Initiative Liberals, Social Democrats, Future of Åland, Ålandic Democracy[3]	2019 (legislative)
Albania	Multi-party	Socialist Party of Albania, PSD PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), PL	2021 (parliament)
Alderney	Non-partisan	Independents No parliamentary opposition	2022 (general)
Algeria	Multi-party	National Liberation Front, RND, Future Front, El-Bina MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS	2021 (legislative) 2019 (presidential)
Andorra	Multi-party	Democrats for Andorra, Committed Citizens, Action for Andorra Concord, Social Democratic Party–Progressives, Andorra Forward	2023 (parliament)
Angola	Dominant-party	People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA	2022 (general)
Anguilla	Two-party	Anguilla Progressive Movement Anguilla United Front	2020 (general)
Antigua and Barbuda	Dominant-party	Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement	2023 (general)
Argentina	Multi-party	Frente de Todos (PJ, FR, Federal Commitment), SER, MPN JxC (PRO, UCR), Federal Peronists (CF, VcV, PDC, PS, 3P), FIT-U (PO, PTS), AL-LA	2023 (general) 2021 (legislative)
Armenia	Multi-party	Civil Contract, United Labour Party HD (ARF, Reborn Armenia, One Armenia), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, Homeland)	2021 (parliament)
Aruba	Multi-party	People's Electoral Movement, RAIZ AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21	2021 (general)
Ascension	Non-partisan	Independents No parliamentary opposition	2022 (general)
Australia	Multi-party	Labor Party Coalition (LP, NP) (opposition), Greens, Centre Alliance, KAP, One Nation, JLN	2022 (federal)
Austria	Multi-party	Austrian People's Party, The Greens Social Democratic Party, Freedom Party, NEOS	2019 (legislative)
Azerbaijan	Dominant-party	New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, ADMP, VBP, AVP, BQP, Unity Party, MCP DİP, REAL, BACXP	2024 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)

B

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Bahamas	Two-party	Progressive Liberal Party Free National Movement	2021 (general)
Bahrain	Dominant-party	Pro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity Progressive Democratic Tribune	2022 (general)
Bangladesh	Dominant-party	Awami League, Workers Party, JASAD Jatiya Party (Ershad), Bangladesh Kalyan Party	2024 (general)
Barbados	Two-party	Barbados Labour Party Democratic Labour Party	2022 (general)
Belarus	Dominant-party	Belaya Rus, Independents, Communist Party, RPTS LDPB[b]	2019 (parliament)
Belgium	Multi-party	PS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DéFI	2019 (general)
Flanders	Multi-party	N-VA, CD&V, Open Vld Vooruit, Groen, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA	2019 (parliament)
Wallonia	Multi-party	PS, MR, Ecolo PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés	2019 (parliament)
Brussels	Multi-party	PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit MR, PTB/PVDA, LE, DierAnimal, N-VA, VB, CD&V, Agora	2019 (parliament)
Belize	Two-party	People's United Party United Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Benin	Multi-party	Progressive Union for Renewal, Republican Bloc The Democrats	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Bermuda	Two-party	Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance	2020 (general)
Bhutan	Two-party	People's Democratic Party Bhutan Tendrel Party	2023–24 (legislative)
Bolivia	Multi-party	Movement for Socialism Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)	2020 (general)
Bonaire	Multi-party	Bonaire People's Movement Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union	2019 (general)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Multi-party	SNSD, HDZ BiH, NiP, SDP BiH, DNS, NS, ZNG, DEMOS, US, BHI KF SDA, DF-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR	2022 (general)
Botswana	Dominant-party	Botswana Democratic Party UDC (opposition), Botswana Patriotic Front, Alliance for Progressives	2019 (general)
Brazil	Multi-party	FE Brasil (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PDT, PSOL REDE Fdr. (PSOL, REDE), Avante, Solidariedade PL, PSDB, NOVO	2022 (general)
Brunei	One-party	Independents No parliamentary opposition	No elections
Bulgaria	Multi-party	GERB–SDS, PP–DB Revival, DPS, BSP for Bulgaria, ITN	2021 (general) 2023 (legislative)
Burkina Faso	Military junta	MPSR (civilian government suspended)	2022 coups d'état
Burundi	Dominant-party	National Council for the Defense of Democracy National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress	2020 (general)

C

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Cambodia	Dominant-party	Cambodian People's Party FUNCINPEC	2023 (parliament)
Cameroon	Dominant-party	Cameroon People's Democratic Movement UNDP, SDF, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM	2020 (parliament)
Canada	Multi-party	Liberal Party (minority), New Democratic Party Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, Green Party	2021 (federal)
Cape Verde	Multi-party	Movement for Democracy PAICV (president's party), UCID	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Cayman Islands	Two-party	Independents People's Progressive Movement	2021 (general)
Central African Republic	Multi-party	United Hearts Movement Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others	2020-21 (general)
Chad	Military junta	National Transitional Council (no parliamentary opposition)	2021 coup d'état
Chile	Multi-party	AD (PC, CS, RD, Comunes, AH, FREVS), SD (PS, PPD, PL, PR) Chile Vamos (RN, UDI, Evópoli), PLR, PSC, PDC, PDG, AxCh, Democrats	2021 (general)
China (PRC)	One-party	Chinese Communist Party, minor parties (JS, CAPD, CDL, CNDCA, CPWDP, RCCK, CZGP, TDSL)	2023 (congressional)
Hong Kong	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF) Third Side, Pro-democracy camp	2021 (legislative) 2019 (local)
Macau	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL) Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power	2021 (legislative)
China (Taiwan)[c]	Multi-party	Democratic Progressive Party Kuomintang, Taiwan People's Party	2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Colombia	Multi-party	PHxC, PLC, AV, Colombia Reborn, ASI, Citizen Force, Commons CD, CR, LIGA, PVO, MIRA, PCC, PSUN, MSN, CJL	2022 (legislative) 2022 (presidential)
Comoros	Dominant-party	Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros Orange Party	2020 (legislative)
Congo	Dominant-party	Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS UPADS, UDH-Yuki, MAR, PRL, Club 2002, DRD, RDPS, APC, MUST, MDC, CPR, URDP, RC, MCDDI	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
DR Congo	Multi-party	President: UDPS; Parliament: Common Front for Congo Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka, Heading for Change	2018 (general) 2019 (senate)
Cook Islands	Multi-party	Cook Islands Party, Pro-government independents Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement	2022 (general)
Costa Rica	Multi-party	Social Democratic Progress Party (minority) PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front	2022 (general)
Croatia	Multi-party	Croatian Democratic Union (incl. HDS), SDSS, HSLS, HNS-LD, HSU Social Democrats, SDP, Most, DP (incl. BLOK), Green–Left (We can!, NL), HS, Centre–Glas, HSS-RF, IDS-DDI, Focus (incl. NS-R)	2020 (parliament)
Cuba	One-party	Communist Party of Cuba	2023 (parliament)
Curaçao	Multi-party	MFK, National People's Party PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao	2021 (general)
Cyprus	Multi-party	Democratic Party, Democratic Alignment, EDEK Democratic Rally, AKEL, ELAM, KOSP	2023 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Czech Republic	Multi-party	Spolu (ODS, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09), PaS (STAN, Pirates) ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy	2021 (legislative) 2023 (presidential)

D

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Denmark	Multi-party	Social Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, JF, Siumut, IA Green Left, DD, Liberals, DKF, EL, RV, ALT, NB, DF	2022 (general)
Djibouti	Dominant-party	Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR) UDJ	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Dominica	Dominant-party	Dominica Labour Party No parliamentary opposition, Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party	2022 (general)
Dominican Republic	Multi-party	PRM, FA, APD, DxC, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR Dominican Liberation Party, FP, PRSC, PRD, ALPAÍS, PLR	2020 (general)

E

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
East Timor	Multi-party	National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party FRETILIN, KHUNTO, People's Liberation Party	2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Ecuador	Multi-party	CREO, PSE, MC, MEU, Avanza, PSP, MDS, UE, MC25, Pachakutik, ID Union for Hope (Citizen Revolution, CD), Social Christian Party	2021 (general)
Egypt	Dominant-party	Independents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP	2023 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
El Salvador	Multi-party	Nuevas Ideas, GANA, PCN, PDC ARENA, FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, Vamos	2024 (presidential) 2024 (legislative)
Equatorial Guinea	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy	2022 (general)
Eritrea	One-party	People's Front for Democracy and Justice	Elections postponed
Estonia	Multi-party	Reform Party, Estonia 200, Social Democratic Party Conservative People's Party, Centre Party, Isamaa	2023 (parliament)
Eswatini	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2018 (general)
Ethiopia	Dominant-party	Prosperity Party NaMA, EZEMA, Gedeo People's Democratic Organization	2021 (general)
European Union	Multi-party	EPP, PES, ALDE ECR, ID, EGP, EFA, PEL, EDP, ECPM	2019 (parliament)

F

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Falkland Islands	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)
Faroe Islands	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party	2022 (general)
Fiji	Multi-party	People's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA FijiFirst	2022 (general)
Finland	Multi-party	National Coalition, Finns Party, Christian Democrats, Swedish People's Party SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Movement Now	2023 (parliament) 2024 (presidential)
France	Multi-party	RE, MoDem, HOR, MR (minority) RN (main opposition), LFI, LR, PS, EELV, PCF, DLF, REC	2022 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
French Guiana	Multi-party	DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans	2021 (regional)
French Polynesia	Multi-party	Tāvini Huiraʻatira Tapura Huiraatira, A here ia Porinetia, ʻĀmuitahiraʻa	2023 (legislative)

G

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other Parties	Last election
Gabon	Military junta	CTRI (civilian government suspended)	2023 coup d'état
Gambia	Multi-party	National People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC United Democratic Party, PDOIS	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Georgia	Multi-party	Georgian Dream, People's Power Strength Is in Unity (UNM, PdT), For Georgia, Girchi, ES, Strategy Builder, Lelo, Citizens, SRP, KdS, SK, EDP	2020 (parliament)
Germany	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, A90/Greens, Free Democratic Party Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU/CSU), AfD, The Left	2021 (federal)
Ghana	Two-party	New Patriotic Party National Democratic Congress	2020 (general)
Gibraltar	Multi-party	GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG) Gibraltar Social Democrats, Together Gibraltar	2023 (general)
Greece	Multi-party	New Democracy Syriza, PASOK-KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, Spartans, Victory, Course of Freedom	2023 (legislative)
Greenland	Multi-party	Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, Atassut Siumut, Democrats	2021 (general)
Grenada	Two-party	National Democratic Congress New National Party	2022 (general)
Guadeloupe	Multi-party	GUSR, DVC Plural Left	2021 (regional)
Guatemala	Multi-party	Semilla, TBD Vamos, UNE, Cabal, ViVa, Valor, VOS, Todos, Winaq-URNG, PPN, BIEN, Victoria, PA, CE, CREO, Cambio	2023 (general)
Guernsey	Multi-party	Independents Future Guernsey, Guernsey Party	2020 (general)
Guinea	Military junta	CNRD (civilian government suspended)	2021 coup d'état
Guinea-Bissau	Multi-party	PAI–Terra Ranka (PAIGC and others), PRS, PTG Madem G15 (president's party), Assembly of the People United	2019 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Guyana	Multi-party	People's Progressive Party People's National Congress (APNU, AFC) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM	2020 (legislative)

H

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Haiti	Multi-party	Non-partisan acting government Parliament dissolved; PHTK, Inite, Haiti in Action, OPL, RDNP, FL, Renmen, PPD, UNCRH, PFSDH	2016–17 (senate) 2016 (presidential)
Honduras	Multi-party	Libre, Savior Party of Honduras, PINU, Christian Democratic Party National Party, Liberal Party, Anti-Corruption Party	2021 (general)
Hungary	Dominant-party	Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU United for Hungary (DK, Momentum, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP, MMM), MHM	2022 (parliament)

I

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Iceland	Multi-party	Independence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Liberal Reform Party, Centre Party	2021 (parliament) 2020 (presidential)
India	Multi-party	NDA (BJP, SHS, RJLP, AD(S), AJSU, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM, JD(S), AGP) INDIA (INC, DMK, AITC, AAP, JDU, CPI(M), SS(UBT), NCP (SP), RJD, JKNC, IUML, JMM, SP, CPI, RSP, VCK, KC(M)) Others (YSRCP, BJD, BSP, BRS, TDP, SAD, AIMIM, AIUDF, RLP, AIADMK)	2019 (general)
Indonesia	Multi-party	KIM (PDI-P, Golkar, Gerindra, NasDem, PKB, PAN, PPP, Demokrat) PKS	2024 (general)
Iran	Dominant-party[d]	Principlists (SHANA, Stability Front, Jusice Seekers) Reformists (MDP, ECP), independents	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Iraq	Multi-party	Takadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon Movement Emtidad, Naway Nwe, Tasmim, National Contract, Ishraq Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others	2021 (parliament)
Kurdistan	Multi-party	Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Gorran, Naway Nwe, Kurdistan Justice Group, Yekgirtû	2018 (parliament)
Ireland	Multi-party	Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Aontú, Right to Change	2020 (general)
Isle of Man	Multi-party	Independents Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party	2021 (general)
Israel	Multi-party	Likud, National Unity (Resilience, New Hope), Shas, UTJ, Mafdal, Otzma, Noam Yesh Atid, Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash, Labor, Ta'al	2022 (legislative)
Italy	Multi-party	Brothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE PD–IDP (PD, Art. 1, DemoS, CD), MS5, A–IV, AVS, +E, SVP, UV	2022 (general)
Ivory Coast	Dominant-party	Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR) PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI	2021 (parliament)

J

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Jamaica	Two-party	Jamaica Labour Party People's National Party	2020 (general)
Japan	Dominant-party	Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Communist Party, Reiwa, SDP, Sanseitō, NHK Party	2021 (general) 2022 (Sangiin)
Jersey	Multi-party[e]	Independents Reform Jersey, Jersey Liberal Conservatives, Progress Party	2022 (general)
Jordan	Dominant-party[f]	Pro-monarchy independents, Jordanian United Front Party, National Loyalty Party Islamic Action Front, Islamic Centre Party	2020 (general)

K

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Kazakhstan	Dominant-party	Amanat Auyl, Respublica, Aq Jol, People's Party, JSDP	2022 (presidential) 2023 (legislative)
Kenya	Multi-party	Kenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, UDM, FORD–K, PAA, MCC, UPIA, TSP, CCK, DP, MDG, GDDP, NAP, NOPEU) Azimio (ODM, Jubilee, WDM-K, DAP-K, KANU, KUP, UPA, UDP)	2022 (general)
Kiribati	Two-party	Tobwaan Kiribati Party Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Korea (DPRK)	One-party	Workers' Party of Korea, other DFRK members (KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party, Chongryon)	2019 (parliament)
Korea (ROK)	Multi-party	People Power Party Democratic Party, Justice Party, Basic Income Party, Transition Korea	2022 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Kuwait	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2024 (general)
Kyrgyzstan	Multi-party	Mekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, SDK, Afghans' Party	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Kosovo	Multi-party	LVV, Guxo, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, JGP, RI	2021 (parliament)

L

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Laos	One-party	Lao People's Revolutionary Party	2021 (parliament)
Latvia	Multi-party	New Unity (Unity), United List (LRA, LZP, LP), NA ZZS (LZS, LSDSP, LuV), For Stability!, The Progressives, LPV	2022 (parliament)
Lebanon	Multi-party	Acting gov't: FPM, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, ARF, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, UP, JI LF, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Al Haraka, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO	2022 (general)
Lesotho	Multi-party	Revolution for Prosperity, Alliance of Democrats, MEC DC, ABC, BAP, LCD, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, HOPE	2022 (general)
Liberia	Two-party	Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC, NPP) UP (main opposition), LP, ANC, PUP, ALP, MEE, MDR, LTP, UPP, VCP, LPP, LINU	2023 (general)
Libya	Non-partisan	Government of National Unity, Government of National Stability Independents	2014 (parliament)
Liechtenstein	Multi-party	Patriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein	2021 (general)
Lithuania	Multi-party	Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party LVŽS, DSVL, LSDP, DP, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, NA, LKDP	2020 (parliament) 2019 (presidential)
Luxembourg	Multi-party	CSV, Democratic Party LSAP, ADR,The Greens, Pirate Party, The Left	2023 (general)

M

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Madagascar	Multi-party	Young Malagasies Determined, Freedom, ADN Tiako I Madagasikara, independents, RPSD-Vaovao, MTS, GJPS, MDM, MATITA, Malagasy Miara Miainga	2023 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Malawi	Multi-party	Malawi Congress Party, UTM, independents DPP, UDF, People's Party, Alliance for Democracy	2020 (presidential)
Malaysia	Multi-party	PH (PKR, DAP, Amanah, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (PBS, STAR), Warisan, KDM, PBM PN (PAS, BERSATU, GERAKAN), MUDA	2022 (general)
Maldives	Multi-party	Progressive Congress Coalition (PPM, PNC) MDP, AP, JP, MDA, MTD, MRM, MNP, TD	2023 (presidential) 2024 (parliament)
Mali	Military junta	Malian Armed Forces (civilian government suspended)	2021 coup d'état
Malta	Two-party	Labour Party Nationalist Party	2022 (general)
Marshall Islands	Two-party	Independents (Aelon̄ Kein Ad, United Democratic Party)	2023 (general)
Mauritania	Multi-party	Equity Party, UDP, Trust (Islah, Karama, HATEM, Vadila, PMM), Justice (AND, NW), HIWAR Tewassoul, Hope Mauritania, Sawab—RAG, AJD/MR, State of Justice	2019 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Mauritius	Multi-party	MSM, ML, OPR, MAG, Plateforme Militante MMM, PMSD, Labour Party	2019 (general)
Mayotte	Multi-party	The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD MDM, Renaissance, DVC	2021 (legislative)
Mexico	Multi-party	Morena, Green Party, Labor Party PAN, PRI, Citizens' Movement, PRD	2018 (general) 2021 (legislative)
Micronesia	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2023 (parliament)
Moldova	Multi-party	Party of Action and Solidarity Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM, PCRM), ȘOR bloc (de facto), Revival, MAN	2021 (parliament)
Monaco	Multi-party	UNM (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque) No parliamentary opposition; New Ideas for Monaco	2023 (parliament)
Mongolia	Multi-party	Mongolian People's Party Democratic Party, Right Person Electorate Coalition	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Montenegro	Multi-party	PES!, DCG, SNP, Civis, ASh, FORCA, ZBCG (NSD, DNP), UCG Together! (DPS, SD, UDSh), BS, URA, HGI	2023 (legislative)
Montserrat	Two-party	Movement for Change and Prosperity People's Democratic Movement	2019 (general)
Morocco	Multi-party	National Rally of Independents, Istiqlal Party, Authenticity and Modernity Party USFP, Popular Movement, PPS, Constitutional Union, PJD, MDS, FFD, AFG, PSU	2021 (general)
Mozambique	Dominant-party	FRELIMO Party RENAMO, Democratic Movement	2019 (general)
Myanmar	Military junta	State Administration Council (civilian government suspended)	2021 coup d'état

N

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Namibia	Dominant-party	SWAPO Party of Namibia PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, Republican Party, NEFF, IPC, RDP, CDV, SWANU	2019 (general)
Nauru	Multi-party	Independents, Nauru First Opposition independents	2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Nepal	Multi-party	NC, Socialist Front (CPN (MC), CPN (US), PSP-N), Janamat, NUP, LSP-N, NSP, RJM CPN (UML), RSP, RPP, NWPP	2022 (general)
Netherlands	Multi-party	VVD, CDA, D66, Christian Union PVV, PvdA, GL, SP, PvdD, FvD, 50PLUS, SGP, Volt, JA21, DENK, BVNL, BBB, BIJ1	2023 (general)
New Caledonia	Multi-party	Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC	2019 (legislative)
New Zealand	Multi-party	National Party, ACT New Zealand, New Zealand First Labour Party (official opposition), Greens, Te Pāti Māori	2023 (general)
Nicaragua	Dominant-party	Sandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, APRE, CCN	2021 (general)
Niger	Military junta	CSNP (civilian government suspended)	2023 coup d'état
Nigeria	Multi-party	All Progressives Congress Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), YPP, APGA, ADC, PRP	2023 (general)
Niue	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2020 (general)
North Macedonia	Multi-party	We Can (SDSM, NSDP, VMRO–NP, TDP, PDT, POPGM, SSM), DUI, AA, LDP, DPA, DOM Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM, GROM, ROM), Alternativa, Levica, Besa, DS	2019 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Northern Cyprus	Multi-party	National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party Republican Turkish Party, People's Party	2022 (parliament)
Norway	Multi-party	Labour Party, Centre Party Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus	2021 (parliament)

O

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Oman	Non-partisan	Independents No political parties	2019 (general)

P

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Pakistan	Multi-party	PML-N, PPP, MQM-P SIC, PML-Q, JUI-F, NP, PkMAP, BNP, BAP, IPP	2024 (general)
Palau	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2020 (general)
Palestine	Multi-party	PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)	2006 (legislative)
Panama	Multi-party	Democratic Revolutionary Party, MOLIRENA Democratic Change, Panameñista Party	2019 (general)
Papua New Guinea	Multi-party	Pangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE People's National Congress Party	2022 (general)
Paraguay	Multi-party	Colorado Party PLRA, Guasú Front, PPQ, PDP, UNACE, GANAR, Hagamos Party, PEN, MCN	2023 (general)
Peru	Multi-party	Non-partisan government; FP, AP, RP, AvP, APP, PDSP Free Peru, Magisterial Bloc, Bicentennial Peru, PD, JP, PP	2021 (general) 2022 crisis
Philippines	Multi-party	UniTeam (PFP, Lakas), Nacionalista, NPC, LDP, PDP–Laban, UNA, PMP, NUP, others TRoPa (Liberal Party, Akbayan), PDSP, Makabayan, PDR, Aksyon, others	2022 (general)
Pitcairn Islands	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)
Poland	Multi-party	KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ, T!DPL, AU), TD (KP, PL2050), The Left (NL), The Left (Razem) United Right (PiS, SP, Republicans, OdNowa RP), Kukiz'15, Confederation (NN, RN, KKP)	2020 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Portugal	Multi-party	Socialist Party Social Democratic Party, Chega, IL, PCP, Left Bloc, PAN, LIVRE	2022 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)
Puerto Rico	Two-party	Popular Democratic Party New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD	2020 (general)

Q

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Qatar	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)

R

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Romania	Multi-party	National Coalition for Romania (PSD, PNL), Ethnic minority parties USR, AUR, UDMR/RMDSZ, FD, REPER, AD, NR, ROASIT	2019 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Russia	Dominant-party	United Russia, LDPR, A Just Russia – For Truth, Rodina, Civic Platform Communist Party, New People, Party of Growth	2018 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Rwanda	Dominant-party	Rwandan Patriotic Front Social Democratic Party, PS-Imberakuri, PL, Democratic Greens	2017 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)

S

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Saint Helena	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2021 (general)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Multi-party	Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement	2022 (general)
Saint Lucia	Two-party	Saint Lucia Labour Party United Workers Party	2021 (general)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Two-party	Archipelago Tomorrow (LR) Together for the Future (PRG)	2022 (legislative)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Two-party	Unity Labour Party New Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Samoa	Two-party	Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa National Democratic Party Human Rights Protection Party	2021 (general)
San Marino	Multi-party	Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, RETE Movement, DML, NplR Libera, Future Republic	2019 (general)
São Tomé and Príncipe	Multi-party	Independent Democratic Action MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta	2021 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Saudi Arabia	One-party	Council of Ministers (no parliamentary opposition)	No elections
Senegal	Dominant-party	United in Hope (APR, AFP, PS), Bokk Gis Gis Liberate the People (PASTEF, PUR, TS), Wallu Sénégal (PDS), MPR, AAR	2024 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Serbia	Dominant-party	AV–ZMS (SNS, PSS, SNP, PS, SPO, NSS), SPS–ZS, SDPS, PUPS, SPP–DSHV–USS, JS, VMSZ PE (SSP, PSG, PZP, Sloga, Fatherland), NADA (NDSS, POKS), DS, Narodna, NPS–EU–NLS, SSZ, Dveri, Together, ZLF	2023 (legislative) 2022 (general)
Seychelles	Two-party	Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP) United Seychelles	2020 (general)
Sierra Leone	Two-party	Sierra Leone People's Party All People's Congress	2023 (general)
Singapore	Dominant-party	People's Action Party Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party	2020 (general)
Sint Maarten	Multi-party	National Alliance, United People's Party USP, Party for Progress, UD	2020 (general)
Slovakia	Multi-party	Smer–SD, Hlas–SD, Slovak National Party Progressive Slovakia, OĽaNO and Friends, KDH, SASKA	2023 (parliament)
Slovenia	Multi-party	Freedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia	2022 (parliament)
Solomon Islands	Multi-party	Independents, Kadere Party, Democratic Alliance Party, People's Alliance Party Democratic Party, United Democratic Party, United Party, People First Party, SIPRA	2019 (general)
Somalia	Multi-party	Independents, Forum for National Parties (UPD (president's party)) Tayo	2022 (presidential)
Somaliland	Multi-party	Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party (president's party)	2017 (presidential) 2021 (parliamentary)
South Africa	Dominant-party	African National Congress DA (official opposition), EFF, IFP, FF+, ACDP, UDM, ATM, Good, NFP, AIC, COPE	2019 (general)
South Ossetia	Dominant-party	Independents, Nykhaz (president's party) United Ossetia, People's Party, Unity of the People, Communist Party	2019 (parliament)
South Sudan	Dominant-party	Sudan People's Liberation Movement SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance	2010 (general)
Spain	Multi-party	PSOE, Sumar (SMR, IU, Podemos, CatComú, MM, Compromís, CHA, Més), ERC, EH Bildu, EAJ/PNV, Junts, BNG, CCa People's Party, Vox, UPN	2023 (general)
Sri Lanka	Multi-party	SLPFA (Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, EPDP, MEP, TMVP), UNP Samagi Jana Balawegaya, FPA (SLFP, ULS, FPC), TNA, NPP, TNPF, TPNA	2022 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Sudan	Military junta	Transitional Sovereignty Council (no parliamentary opposition)	Transition to democracy
Suriname	Multi-party	VHP, ABOP, National Party of Suriname, Pertjajah Luhur National Democratic Party, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics	2020 (general)
Sweden	Multi-party	Moderate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party	2022 (general)
Switzerland	Multi-party	Swiss People's Party, Social Democrats, FDP.The Liberals, The Centre Green Party, Green Liberals, Evangelical Party, Federal Democrats, Ticino League, MCG
Syria	Dominant-party	NPF (Ba'ath, SSNP, SUP, SCP–B, ASU, SCP–U, NCP, ADU, DSUP) No parliamentary opposition; Syrian opposition	2020 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)

T

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Tajikistan	Dominant-party	People's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Tanzania	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chadema, Civic United Front, Alliance for Change and Transparency	2020 (general)
Zanzibar	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi Alliance for Democratic Change, AFP, TADEA	2020 (general)
Thailand	Multi-party	PTP, BJT, PPRP, UTN, Chart Thai Pattana, Prachachat, PTRP, Chart Pattana Kla, TLP, PSMP, Thai Counties, Democrat, NDP, New Party, TTP Move Forward, Thai Sang Thai, Fair	2023 (general)
Tigray Region	Dominant-party	Tigray People's Liberation Front National Congress of Great Tigray, TIP, SAWET, ADP	2020 (parliament)
Togo	Dominant-party	Union for the Republic Union of Forces for Change, NET, MPDD, PDP, MRC	2020 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)
Tokelau	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2020 (general)
Tonga	Two-party	Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles Independents, Tonga People's Party	2021 (general)
Transnistria	Dominant-party	Obnovlenie No parliamentary opposition; Transnistrian Communist Party	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Trinidad and Tobago	Two-party	People's National Movement United National Congress	2020 (general)
Tobago	Two-party	Progressive Democratic Patriots Tobago Council of the People's National Movement	2021 (legislative)
Tunisia	Multi-party	Non-partisan government; 25th of July Movement People's Movement	2019 (president) 2022–23 (parliament)
Turkey	Multi-party	Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Great Unity Party CHP, HDP, İYİ Parti, TIP, Homeland Party, DP, ZP, DEVA, DBP, Saadet, YP	2023 (president) 2023 (parliament)
Turkmenistan	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, TSTP No parliamentary opposition	2023 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Turks and Caicos Islands	Two-party	Progressive National Party People's Democratic Movement	2021 (general)
Tuvalu	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2024 (general)

U

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Uganda	Dominant-party	National Resistance Movement NUP, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, JEEMA, PPP	2021 (general)
Ukraine	Multi-party	Servant of the People, For the Future, Dovira YeS, Batkivshchyna, Holos, PZZhM, Restoration of Ukraine	2019 (president) 2019 (parliament)
United Arab Emirates	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2019 (parliament)
United Kingdom	Multi-party	Conservative Party Labour (opposition), Lib Dems, SNP, DUP, Sinn Féin, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Alba, Greens, APNI, Workers, Reform	2019 (general)
Northern Ireland	Multi-party	Sinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit	2022 (parliament)
Scotland	Multi-party	Scottish National Party, Scottish Greens Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats	2021 (parliament)
Wales	Multi-party	Labour Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Lib Dems	2021 (parliament)
United States	Two-party	Democratic Party Republican Party (majority in U.S. House)	2020 (general) 2022 (legislative)
Uruguay	Multi-party	National Party, Colorado Party, CA, PI, Partido de la Gente Broad Front, PERI	2019 (general)
Uzbekistan	Multi-party	Liberal Democratic Party, Milliy Tiklanish Justice Social Democratic Party, XDP, O'EP	2021 (presidential) 2019-20 (parliament)

V

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Vanuatu	Multi-party	UMP, RMC, LPV, GJP, NUP, PPP, VNDP, Laverwo Vanua'aku Pati, RDP, Iauko Group, Nagriamel, PUDP, VPDP, UCM, NCM	2022 (general)
Vatican City	Non-partisan	Independents (no parliamentary opposition)	2013 (papal conclave)
Venezuela	Dominant-party	GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP) Democratic Alliance (AD, AP, El Cambio, PV, Copei), APR (PCV)	2020 (parliament) 2018 (presidential)
Vietnam	One-party	Communist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front	2021 (parliament)
British Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Virgin Islands Party NDP, Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, Progressives United	2019 (general)
U.S. Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Democratic Party Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement	2022 (gubernatorial)

W

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Wallis and Futuna	Non-partisan	Independents (no political parties)	2022 (legislative)
Western Sahara	One-party	Polisario Front	2023 (legislative)

Y

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Yemen	Dominant-party	General People's Congress[g] Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party	2012 (presidential) 2003 (parliament) See also 2014–2015 takeover

Z

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Zambia	Multi-party	United Party for National Development Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress	2021 (general)
Zimbabwe	Dominant-party	Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front Citizens Coalition for Change	2023 (general)