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This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Afghanistan	Elective autocracy; political parties exist but are not allowed to participate in government[1][2][3][4][5]		2016 (supreme leader) See also 2021 takeover
Abkhazia	Multi-party	Independents, Amtsakhara Aitaira	2022 (parliament)
Åland	Multi-party	Centre, Moderate Coalition, ObS, Sustainable Initiative Liberals, Social Democrats, Future of Åland, Ålandic Democracy[6]	2019 (legislative)
Albania	Multi-party	Socialist Party of Albania, PSD PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), LSI	2021 (parliament)
Alderney	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2020 (general)
Algeria	Multi-party	National Liberation Front, National Rally for Democracy, Future Front, El-Bina MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS	2021 (legislative) 2019 (presidential)
Andorra	Multi-party	Democrats for Andorra, Liberal Party, Committed Citizens Social Democratic Party, Third Way–Lauredian Union	2019 (parliament)
Angola	Dominant-party	People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA	2022 (general)
Anguilla	Two-party	Anguilla Progressive Movement Anguilla United Front	2020 (general)
Antigua and   Barbuda	Two-party	Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement	2023 (general)
Argentina	Multi-party	Frente de Todos (PJ, FR, Federal Commitment), SER, MPN Juntos por el Cambio (PRO, UCR), Federal Peronists (CF, VcV, PDC, PS, 3P), FIT-U (PO, PTS), AL-LA	2021 (legislative) 2019 (general)
Armenia	Multi-party	Civil Contract, United Labour Party Armenia Alliance (ARF, Reborn Armenia, One Armenia), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, Homeland)	2021 (parliament)
Artsakh	Multi-party	Free Motherland - UCA Alliance, United Motherland Justice, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Aruba	Multi-party	People's Electoral Movement, RAIZ AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21	2021 (general)
Ascension	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2019 (general)
Australia	Two-party	Labor Party Coalition (Liberal Party, National Party) (official opposition), Greens, Centre Alliance, KAP, One Nation, JLN	2022 (federal)
Austria	Multi-party	Austrian People's Party, The Greens Social Democratic Party, Freedom Party, NEOS	2019 (legislative)
Azerbaijan	Dominant-party	New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, ADMP, VBP, AVP, BQP, Unity Party, MCP DİP, REAL, BACXP	2020 (parliament)

B

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Bahamas	Two-party	Progressive Liberal Party Free National Movement	2021 (general)
Bahrain	Dominant-party	Pro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity Progressive Democratic Tribune	2022 (general)
Bangladesh	Dominant-party	Awami League, Workers Party, JASAD, Jatiya Party (Manju), BTF Jatiya Party (Ershad), Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BDB, Gano Forum	2018 (general)
Barbados	Two-party	Barbados Labour Party No parliamentary opposition, Democratic Labour Party	2022 (general)
Belarus	Dominant-party	Independents (Belaya Rus), Communist Party, Patriotic Party, RPTS, Agrarian Party LDPB[a]	2019 (parliament)
Belgium	Multi-party	PS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DéFI	2019 (general)
Flanders	Multi-party	N-VA, CD&V, Open Vld Vooruit, Groen, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA	2019 (parliament)
Wallonia	Multi-party	PS, MR, Les Engagés PTB/PVDA, Ecolo	2019 (parliament)
Brussels	Multi-party	PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit MR, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DierAnimal, N-VA, Vlaams Belang, CD&V, Agora	2019 (parliament)
Belize	Two-party	People's United Party United Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Benin	Multi-party	Progressive Union for Renewal, Republican Bloc The Democrats	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Bermuda	Two-party	Progressive Labour Party One Bermuda Alliance	2020 (general)
Bhutan	Two-party	Bhutan United Party Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party	2018 (legislative)
Bolivia	Multi-party	Movement for Socialism Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)	2020 (general)
Bonaire	Multi-party	Bonaire People's Movement Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union	2019 (general)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Multi-party	SNSD, HDZ BiH, People and Justice, SDP BiH, DNS, Our Party, ZNG, DEMOS, United Srpska, BHI KF Party of Democratic Action, Democratic Front-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR	2022 (general)
Botswana	Dominant-party	Botswana Democratic Party UDC (official opposition), Botswana Patriotic Front, Alliance for Progressives	2019 (general)
Brazil	Multi-party	Brazil of Hope (Workers' Party, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PDT, PSOL-REDE, PSD, MDB, Avante, Cidadania, SD, PROS Liberal Party, Progressives, Brazil Union, Republicans, PSC, Patriota, PTB, PSDB, NOVO, Podemos	2022 (general)
Brunei	Absolute monarchy; no political parties[b]		No elections
Bulgaria	Multi-party	Provisional non-partisan government GERB-SDS, We Continue the Change, DPS, Revival, BSPzB (BSP, Ecoglasnost), DB (DSB, Yes, Bulgaria!, ZD), BV	2021 (general) 2022 (legislative)
Burkina Faso	Military junta (Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration); civilian government suspended		See 2022 coup d'état
Burundi	Dominant-party	National Council for the Defense of Democracy National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress	2020 (general)

C

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Cambodia	Dominant-party	Cambodian People's Party FUNCINPEC	2018 (parliament)
Cameroon	Dominant-party	Cameroon People's Democratic Movement UNDP, Social Democratic Front, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM	2020 (parliament)
Canada	Multi-party	Liberal Party (minority), New Democratic Party Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, Green Party	2021 (federal)
Cape Verde	Two-party	Movement for Democracy African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (president's party), UCID	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Cayman Islands	Two-party	Independents People's Progressive Movement	2021 (general)
Central African   Republic	Multi-party	United Hearts Movement Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others	2020-21 (general)
Chad	Military junta (Transitional Military Council); civilian government suspended		See 2021 coup d'état
Chile	Multi-party	Government Alliance (Apruebo Dignidad (Broad Front (CS, RD, Comunes), Chile Digno (PCCh, FREVS, AH), Democratic Socialism (PS, PPD, PR, PL)) Chile Vamos (National Renewal, UDI, Evópoli), Christian Social Front (PLR, PSC), PDC, Party of the People, AxCh, Democrats	2021 (general)
China	One-party	Chinese Communist Party, other minor political parties (JS, CAPD, CDL, CNDCA, CPWDP, RCCK, CZGP, Taimeng)	2023 (congressional)
Hong Kong	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF) Third Side, Pro-democracy camp	2021 (legislative) 2019 (local)
Macau	Dominant-party	Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL) Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power	2021 (legislative)
Colombia	Multi-party	Historic Pact, Liberal Party, Social Party of National Unity, Green Alliance, Colombia Reborn, ASI, Conservative Party, Citizen Force, Commons Democratic Center, Radical Change, LIGA, Oxygen Green, MIRA, National Salvation Movement, Colombia Justa Libres	2022 (legislative) 2022 (presidential)
Comoros	Dominant-party	Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros Orange Party	2020 (legislative)
Congo	Dominant-party	Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS UPADS, UDH-Yuki, MAR, PRL, Club 2002, DRD, RDPS, APC, MUST, MDC, CPR, URDP, RC, MCDDI	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
DR Congo	Multi-party	President: UDPS; Parliament: Common Front for Congo Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka, Heading for Change	2018 (general) 2019 (senate)
Cook Islands	Multi-party	Cook Islands Party, Pro-government independents Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement	2022 (general)
Costa Rica	Multi-party	Social Democratic Progress Party (minority) PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front	2022 (general)
Croatia	Multi-party	Croatian Democratic Union (incl. HDS), SDSS, HSLS, HNS-LD, HSU Social Democrats, SDP, The Bridge, DP (incl. BLOK), Green–Left (We can!, NL), Sovereignists, Centre-GLAS, HSS-RF, IDS-DDI, Focus (incl. DBNL, NS-R)	2020 (parliament)
Cuba	One-party	Communist Party of Cuba	2018 (parliament)
Curaçao	Multi-party	MFK, National People's Party PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao	2021 (general)
Cyprus	Multi-party	Democratic Rally AKEL, DIKO, ELAM, EDEK, Democratic Front, KOSP	2021 (legislative)
Czech Republic	Multi-party	SPOLU (ODS, KDU–ČSL, TOP 09), PaS (STAN, Pirate Party) ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy	2021 (legislative) 2018 (presidential)

D

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Denmark	Multi-party	Social Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, Social Democratic Party, Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit Green Left, Denmark Democrats, Liberals, Conservatives, Red–Greens, Social Liberals, Alternative, New Right, DF	2022 (general)
Djibouti	Dominant-party	Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR) UDJ	2021 (presidential) 2023 (parliament)
Dominica	Dominant-party	Dominica Labour Party No parliamentary opposition, Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party	2022 (general)
Dominican Republic	Multi-party	Modern Revolutionary Party, Broad Front, APD, Dominicans for Change, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR Dominican Liberation Party, People's Force, PRSC, Dominican Revolutionary Party, ALPAÍS, PLR	2020 (general)

E

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
East Timor	Multi-party	Fretilin, People's Liberation Party, KHUNTO, Democratic Party CNRT (president's party), Timorese Democratic Union, Frenti-Mudança, PUDD	2018 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Ecuador	Multi-party	CREO, PSE, MC, MEU, Avanza, PSP, MDS, UE, MC25, Pachakutik, ID Union for Hope (Citizen Revolution, CD), Social Christian Party	2021 (general)
Egypt	Dominant-party	Independents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP	2018 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
El Salvador	Multi-party	Nuevas Ideas, GANA, PCN, PDC ARENA, FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, Vamos	2019 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Equatorial Guinea	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy	2022 (general)
Eritrea	One-party	People's Front for Democracy and Justice	Elections postponed
Estonia	Multi-party	Reform Party, Social Democratic Party, Isamaa Conservative People's Party, Centre Party, Estonia 200	2023 (parliament)
Eswatini	No political parties		2018 (general)
Ethiopia	Dominant-party	Prosperity Party NaMA, EZEMA, Gedeo People's Democratic Organization	2021 (general)
European Union	Multi-party	EPP, PES, ALDE ECR, ID, EGP, EFA, PEL, EDP, ECPM	2019 (parliament)

F

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Falkland Islands	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2021 (general)
Faroe Islands	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party	2022 (general)
Fiji	Multi-party	People's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA FijiFirst	2022 (general)
Finland	Multi-party	SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Swedish People's Party Finns Party, Kokoomus, KD, Movement Now, Power Belongs to the People	2019 (parliament)
France	Multi-party	Renaissance, Democratic Movement, Radical Party, EC LR, UDI, PS, PRG, La France Insoumise, PCF, National Rally, Debout la France	2022 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
French Guiana	Multi-party	DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans	2021 (regional)
French Polynesia	Multi-party	Tāpura Huiraʻatira ʻĀmuitahiraʻa o te Nūnaʻa Māʻohi, Tāvini Huiraʻatira, A here ia Porinetia	2018 (legislative)

G

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other Parties	Last election
Gabon	Dominant-party	Gabonese Democratic Party The Democrats, RPM, SDG, RVR, others	2016 (presidential) 2018 (legislative)
Gambia	Multi-party	National People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC United Democratic Party, PDOIS	2021 (presidential) 2022 (parliament)
Georgia	Dominant-party[7][8]	Georgian Dream, People's Power Strength Is in Unity (ENM, SK, PdT, EDP), For Georgia, Girchi, European Socialists, Strategy Builder, Lelo, Citizens, SRP, KdS	2020 (parliament)
Germany	Multi-party	Social Democratic Party, A90/Greens, Free Democratic Party CDU/CSU, AfD, The Left	2021 (federal)
Ghana	Two-party	New Patriotic Party National Democratic Congress	2020 (general)
Gibraltar	Two-party	GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG) Gibraltar Social Democrats, Together Gibraltar	2019 (general)
Greece	Multi-party	New Democracy Syriza (official opposition), PASOK-KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, MeRA25, PATRIDA	2019 (legislative)
Greenland	Multi-party	Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, Atassut Siumut, Democrats	2021 (general)
Grenada	Two-party	National Democratic Congress New National Party	2022 (general)
Guadeloupe	Multi-party	GUSR, DVC Plural Left	2021 (regional)
Guatemala	Multi-party	Vamos, Valor, FCN, Todos, VIVA, Humanist, Citizen Prosperity, BIEN, Unionist, Victory, PAN, Podemos UNE, Semilla, CREO, BIEN, Winaq, URNG–MAIZ, Victory, MLP	2019 (general)
Guernsey	Multi-party	Independents Guernsey Partnership of Independents, Guernsey Party, Alliance Party Guernsey	2020 (general)
Guinea	Military junta (National Committee of Reconciliation and Development); civilian government suspended		See 2021 coup d'état
Guinea-Bissau	Multi-party	Madem G15, Party for Social Renewal, APU-PDGB PAIGC, New Democracy Party, Union for Change	2019 (presidential) 2019 (legislative)
Guyana	Two-party	People's Progressive Party People's National Congress (APNU, AFC) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM	2020 (legislative)

H

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Haiti	Multi-party	Non-partisan acting government Parliament now dissolved, Tèt Kale, Inite, Haiti in Action, OPL, RDNP, Fanmi Lavalas, Renmen, Platfom Pitit Desalin, UNCRH, PFSDH	2016–17 (senate) Nov 2016 (presidential)
Honduras	Multi-party	Liberty and Refoundation, Savior Party of Honduras, PINU, Christian Democratic Party National Party, Liberal Party, Anti-Corruption Party	2021 (general)
Hungary	Dominant-party	Fidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU United for Hungary (DK, Momentum, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP, MMM), Our Homeland Movement	2022 (parliament)

I

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Iceland	Multi-party	Independence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Liberal Reform Party, Centre Party	2021 (parliament)
India	Multi-party	NDA (BJP, BSS, AD(S), AJSU, AIADMK, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM) UPA (INC, DMK, JDU, SS (UBT) NCP, RJD, JKNC, IUML, JMM, RSP, VCK) Others (AITC, YSRCP, BJD, BSP, BRS, SP, TDP, CPI(M), SAD, CPI, AIMIM, AIUDF, KC(M), JD(S), AAP, RLP)	2019 (general)
Indonesia	Multi-party	Onward Indonesia Coalition (PDI-P, Golkar, Gerindra Party, Nasdem Party, PKB, PAN, PPP) Democratic Party, PKS	2019 (general)
Iran	Dominant-party[c]	Principlists (SHANA, Stability Front) Reformists (Moderation and Development Party, Executives of Construction Party), independents	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Iraq	Multi-party	Takadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon Movement Emtidad, New Generation Movement, Tasmim, National Contract, Ishraq Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others	2021 (parliament)
Kurdistan Region	Multi-party	Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Gorran Movement, New Generation Movement, Kurdistan Justice Group, Kurdistan Islamic Union	2018 (parliament)
Ireland	Multi-party	Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Aontú, Right to Change	2020 (general)
Isle of Man	Two-party[d]	Independents Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party	2021 (general)
Israel	Multi-party	Likud, Shas, UTJ (Degel HaTorah, Agudat), Religious Zionist Party, Otzma, Noam Yesh Atid, National Unity Party (Resilience Party, New Hope), Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash (Maki), Labor, Ta'al	2022 (legislative)
Italy	Multi-party	Brothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE PD–IDP (Democratic Party, Art. 1, DemoS, CD), Five Star Movement, Action – Italia Viva, AVS, +E, SVP, UV	2022 (general)
Ivory Coast	Dominant-party	Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR) PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI	2021 (parliament)

J

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Jamaica	Two-party	Jamaica Labour Party People's National Party	2020 (general)
Japan	Dominant-party	Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Communist Party, Reiwa, SDP, Sanseitō, NHK Party	2021 (general) 2022 (Sangiin)
Jersey	Multi-party[e]	Independents Reform Jersey, Jersey Liberal Conservatives, Progress Party	2022 (general)
Jordan	Dominant-party[f]	Pro-monarchy independents, Jordanian United Front Party, National Loyalty Party Islamic Action Front, Islamic Centre Party	2020 (general)

K

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Kazakhstan	Dominant-party	Amanat, Assembly of People of Kazakhstan Aq Jol Democratic Party, People's Party	2022 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Kenya	Multi-party	Kenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, UDM, FORD–K, PAA, MCC, UPIA, TSP, CCK, DP, MDG, GDDP, NAP, NOPEU) Azimio la Umoja (ODM, Jubilee, WDM-K, DAP-K, KANU, KUP, UPA, UDP)	2022 (general)
Kiribati	Two-party	Tobwaan Kiribati Party Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Kuwait	No political parties		2022 (general)
Kyrgyzstan	Multi-party	Mekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, Social Democrats, Afghans' Party	2021 (presidential) 2021 (parliament)
Kosovo	Multi-party	Vetëvendosje, Guxo, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, JGP, RI	2021 (parliament)

L

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Laos	One-party	Lao People's Revolutionary Party	2021 (parliament)
Latvia	Multi-party	New Unity (Unity), United List (LRA, LZP, LP), National Alliance Union of Greens and Farmers (LZS, LSDSP, LuV), For Stability!, The Progressives, Latvia First	2022 (parliament)
Lebanon	Multi-party	Acting govt: Free Patriotic Movement, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, Tashnag, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, Union Party, Islamic Group Lebanese Forces, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Independence Movement, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO	2022 (general)
Lesotho	Multi-party	Revolution for Prosperity, Alliance of Democrats, MEC Democratic Congress, All Basotho Convention, Basotho Action Party, LCD, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, HOPE	2022 (general)
Liberia	Two-party	Coalition for Democratic Change (Congress for Democratic Change, NPP) Unity Party (main opposition), Liberty Party, ANC, PUP, ALP, MEE, MDR, LTP, UPP, VCP, LPP, LINU	2017 (general)
Libya	Provisional government (disputed between Government of National Unity and Government of National Stability); elected provisional parliament is nonpartisan		2014 (parliament) See also Peace process
Liechtenstein	Multi-party	Patriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein	2021 (general)
Lithuania	Multi-party	Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party LVŽS, DSVL, LSDP, Labour Party, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, Freedom and Justice, TTS	2020 (parliament) 2019 (presidential)
Luxembourg	Multi-party	Democratic Party, LSAP, The Greens CSV, ADR, Pirate Party, The Left	2018 (general)

M

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Madagascar	Multi-party	Young Malagasies Determined, Freedom, ADN Tiako I Madagasikara, independents, RPSD-Vaovao, MTS, GJPS, MDM, MATITA, Malagasy Miara Miainga	2018 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Malawi	Multi-party	Malawi Congress Party, UTM, independents DPP, UDF, People's Party, Alliance for Democracy	2020 (presidential)
Malaysia	Multi-party	PH (PKR, DAP, AMANAH, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (PBS, STAR), WARISAN, MUDA, PBM PN (BERSATU, PAS, GERAKAN) (official opposition), GTA (PEJUANG), PSB	2022 (general)
Maldives	Multi-party	Maldivian Democratic Party, Jumhooree Party PPM, People's National Congress, MDA, DRP	2018 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Mali	Military junta; civilian government suspended		See 2021 coup d'état
Malta	Two-party	Labour Party Nationalist Party	2022 (general)
Marshall Islands	Two-party	Independents (Aelon̄ Kein Ad, United Democratic Party)	2019 (general)
Mauritania	Multi-party	Equity Party, Union for Democracy and Progress, El Karama, AND Tewassoul, UFP, RFD, APP, Sawab-RAG, Sursaut, AJD/MR, Hatem	2019 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)
Mauritius	Multi-party	MSM, ML, OPR, MAG, Plateforme Militante MMM, PMSD, Labour Party	2019 (general)
Mayotte	Multi-party	The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD MDM, Renaissance, DVC	2021 (legislative)
Mexico	Multi-party	Morena, Green Party, Labor Party PAN, PRI, Citizens' Movement, PRD	2018 (general) 2021 (legislative)
Micronesia	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2021 (parliament)
Moldova	Multi-party	Party of Action and Solidarity Bloc of Communists and Socialists (Socialist Party, Communist Party), Șor Party	2021 (parliament)
Monaco	Multi-party	Monegasque National Union (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque) No parliamentary opposition, New Ideas for Monaco	2023 (parliament)
Mongolia	Multi-party	Mongolian People's Party Democratic Party, Right Person Electorate Coalition	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Montenegro	Multi-party	Socialist People's Party, CnB (URA, Civis), BS, SDP, FORCA, UDSH, Democratic Party of Socialists, Liberal Party Democratic Front (NSD, DNP, PZP, RP), Peace is Our Nation (Democrats, DEMOS), SD, Prava, UCG	2020 (legislative)
Montserrat	Two-party	Movement for Change and Prosperity People's Democratic Movement	2019 (general)
Morocco	Multi-party	National Rally of Independents, Istiqlal Party, Authenticity and Modernity Party USFP, Popular Movement, PPS, Constitutional Union, PJD, MDS, FFD, AFG, PSU	2021 (general)
Mozambique	Dominant-party	FRELIMO Party RENAMO, Democratic Movement	2019 (general)
Myanmar	Military junta (State Administration Council); civilian government suspended		See 2021 coup d'état

N

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Namibia	Dominant-party	SWAPO Party of Namibia PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, Republican Party, NEFF, IPC, RDP, CDV, SWANU	2019 (general)
Nauru	Multi-party	Independents, Nauru First Opposition independents	2022 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Nepal	Multi-party	CPN (UML), CPN (Maoist Centre), RSP, Janamat, Nepali Congress, RPP, PSP-N, NUP CPN (Unified Socialist), Rastriya Janamorcha, LSP-N, NWPP	2022 (general)
Netherlands	Multi-party	VVD, CDA, D66, Christian Union PVV, PvdA, GL, SP, PvdD, FvD, 50PLUS, SGP, Volt, JA21, DENK, BVNL, BBB, BIJ1	2021 (general)
New Caledonia	Multi-party	Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC	2019 (legislative)
New Zealand	Multi-party	Labour Party, Green Party National Party (official opposition), ACT New Zealand, Te Pāti Māori	2020 (general)
Nicaragua	Dominant-party	Sandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, Alliance for the Republic, Nicaraguan Christian Path	2021 (general)
Niger	Multi-party	PNDS, MPR, MNSD, CPR, ANDP, RDP, RPP, ARD, MDEN, RSD, ADEN MODEN/FA, RDR, MPN, PJP, AMEN, PSD, ADR, RNDP	2020-21 (general)
Nigeria	Two-party	All Progressives Congress Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), YPP, APGA, ADC, PRP	2019 (general)
Niue	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2020 (general)
North Korea	One-party	Workers' Party of Korea, other DFRK members (Social Democratic Party, Chondoist Chongu Party, Chongryon)	2019 (parliament)
North Macedonia	Multi-party	We Can (SDSM, NSDP, VMRO – People's Party, TDP, THP, POPGM, SSM), DUI, Alternativa, LDP, DPA, DOM, DS Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM, GROM, ROM), Alliance for Albanians, The Left, Besa	2019 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Northern Cyprus	Multi-party	National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party Republican Turkish Party, People's Party	2022 (parliament)
Norway	Multi-party	Labour Party, Centre Party Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus	2021 (parliament)

O

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Oman	Political parties outlawed		2019 (general)

P

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Pakistan	Multi-party	Pakistan Democratic Movement (PML(N), PPP, MMA, MQM-P, BNP-M, BAP, JWP, ANP) Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, PML(Q), GDA, AML	2018 (general) 2022 crisis
Palau	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2020 (general)
Palestine	Multi-party	PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)	2006 (legislative)
Panama	Multi-party	Democratic Revolutionary Party, MOLIRENA Democratic Change, Panameñista Party	2019 (general)
Papua New Guinea	Multi-party	Pangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE People's National Congress Party	2022 (general)
Paraguay	Multi-party	Colorado Party PLRA, Guasú Front, PPQ, PDP, UNACE, GANAR, Hagamos Party, PEN, MCN	2018 (general)
Peru	Multi-party	Non-partisan government, Popular Force, Popular Action, Popular Renewal, Go on Country, Alliance for Progress, We Are Peru Free Peru, Magisterial Bloc, Bicentennial Peru, Democratic Peru, Together for Peru, Podemos Perú	2021 (general) 2022 crisis
Philippines	Multi-party	UniTeam Alliance (PFP, Lakas–CMD), PDP–Laban, Nacionalista, NUP, NPC, LDP, others Liberal Party, Makabayan, Reporma, Aksyon, Akbayan, others	2022 (general)
Pitcairn Islands	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2021 (general)
Poland	Multi-party	United Right (PiS, SP, Republican Party, OdNowa RP), Kukiz'15 KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ), KP (PSL, UED), The Left (NL, Razem), Confederation (KORWiN, RN, KKP), PL2050, PJG, PPS, KWMN	2020 (presidential) 2019 (parliament)
Portugal	Multi-party	Socialist Party Social Democratic Party, Chega, Liberal Initiative, Communist Party, Left Bloc, People Animals Nature, LIVRE	2022 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)
Puerto Rico	Two-party	Popular Democratic Party New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD	2020 (general)

Q

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition	Last election
Qatar	Political parties outlawed		2021 (general)

R

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Romania	Multi-party	National Coalition for Romania (PSD, PNL, UDMR/RMDSZ), Ethnic minority parties Save Romania Union, Alliance for the Union of Romanians, Force of the Right, REPER, AD, NR, ROASIT	2019 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Russia	Dominant-party	United Russia, LDPR, A Just Russia — For Truth, Rodina, Civic Platform Communist Party, New People, Party of Growth	2018 (presidential) 2021 (legislative)
Rwanda	Dominant-party	Rwandan Patriotic Front Social Democratic Party, PS-Imberakuri, PL, Democratic Greens	2017 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)

S

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Saint Helena	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2021 (general)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Multi-party	Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement	2022 (general)
Saint Lucia	Two-party	Saint Lucia Labour Party United Workers Party	2021 (general)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Two-party	Archipelago Tomorrow (LR) Together for the Future (PRG)	2022 (legislative)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Two-party	Unity Labour Party New Democratic Party	2020 (general)
Samoa	Two-party	Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa National Democratic Party Human Rights Protection Party	2021 (general)
San Marino	Multi-party	Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, RETE Movement, DML, NplR Libera, Future Republic	2019 (general)
São Tomé and Príncipe	Multi-party	Independent Democratic Action MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta	2021 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Saudi Arabia	Absolute monarchy; no political parties		No elections
Senegal	Dominant-party	United in Hope (APR, AFP, PS), Bokk Gis Gis Liberate the People (PASTEF, PUR, TS), Wallu Sénégal (PDS), MPR, AAR	2019 (presidential) 2022 (legislative)
Serbia	Dominant-party	Together We Can Do Everything (SNS, PSS-BK, SNP, PS, SPO, NSS, USS, BS), IDPS (SPS, ZS), JS, SDPS, PUPS, VMSZ, SPP Ujedinjeni (SSP, PSG, PZP, Sloga, Fatherland), NADA (New DSS, POKS, NN—IJS), NS, DS, SSZ, Together, Dveri, SDA S–DSHV–ZZV–PVD, NDB, ZKS	2022 (general)
Seychelles	Two-party	Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP) United Seychelles	2020 (general)
Sierra Leone	Two-party	All People's Congress Sierra Leone People's Party (president's party), C4C, NGC	2018 (general)
Singapore	Dominant-party	People's Action Party Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party	2020 (general)
Sint Maarten	Multi-party	National Alliance, United People's Party USP, Party for Progress, UD	2020 (general)
Slovakia	Multi-party	Ordinary People, Freedom and Solidarity, We Are Family, For the People Smer–SSD, Hlas–SD, ĽSNS, Republic, Život–NS, Progressive Slovakia, SPOLU	2020 (parliament)
Slovenia	Multi-party	Freedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia	2022 (parliament)
Solomon Islands	Multi-party	Independents, Kadere Party, Democratic Alliance Party, People's Alliance Party Democratic Party, United Democratic Party, United Party, People First Party, SIPRA	2019 (general)
Somalia	Multi-party	Independents, Forum for National Parties (UPD (president's party)) Tayo	2022 (presidential)
Somaliland	Multi-party	Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party (president's party)	2017 (presidential) 2021 (parliamentary)
South Africa	Dominant-party	African National Congress DA (official opposition), EFF, IFP, FF+, ACDP, UDM, ATM, Good, NFP, AIC, COPE	2019 (general)
South Korea	Two-party	People Power Party Democratic Party, Justice Party, Basic Income Party, Transition Korea	2022 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
South Ossetia	Dominant-party	Independents, Nykhaz (president's party) United Ossetia, People's Party, Unity of the People, Communist Party	2019 (parliament)
South Sudan	Dominant-party	Sudan People's Liberation Movement SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance	2010 (general)
Spain	Multi-party	PSOE, Unidas Podemos (Podemos, IU, ECP), ERC–S, EAJ-PNV, EH Bildu, PDeCAT, Más País, MC, NCa, TE, PRC People's Party, Vox, Citizens, Junts, Popular Unity Candidacy, NA+, CC, Asturias Forum, BNG	2019 (general)
Sri Lanka	Multi-party	SLPFA (Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, EPDP, MEP, TMVP), UNP Samagi Jana Balawegaya, FPA (SLFP, ULS, FPC), TNA, NPP, TNPF, TPNA	2022 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Sudan	Provisional government (Transitional Sovereignty Council); elections suspended[9]		See transition to democracy
Suriname	Multi-party	VHP, ABOP, National Party of Suriname, Pertjajah Luhur National Democratic Party, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics	2020 (general)
Sweden	Multi-party	Moderate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party	2022 (general)
Switzerland	Multi-party	Swiss People's Party (Ticino League, EDU-UDF), Social Democratic Party, The Centre (EVP), FDP.The Liberals Greens (solidaritéS, Party of Labour), Green Liberal Party	2019 (federal)
Syria	Dominant-party	National Progressive Front: (Ba'ath Party, SSNP, SUP, SCP (Bakdash), ASU, SCP (Unified), NCP, ADU, DSUP) No parliamentary opposition, Syrian opposition	2020 (parliament) 2021 (presidential)

T

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Taiwan	Two-party	Democratic Progressive Party Kuomintang (official opposition), People's Party, New Power Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Tajikistan	Dominant-party	People's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party	2020 (presidential) 2020 (parliament)
Tanzania	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chadema, Civic United Front, Alliance for Change and Transparency	2020 (general)
Zanzibar	Dominant-party	Chama Cha Mapinduzi Alliance for Democratic Change, Alliance for Tanzania Farmers Party, Tanzania Democratic Alliance	2020 (general)
Thailand	Multi-party	Palang Pracharath, BJT, Democrat Party, Chartthaipattana, Chart Pattana, ACT, TLP, NEP, FCP, New Palangdharma, NDP Pheu Thai, Move Forward, Liberal, Prachachart, Pheu Chat, Palang Puangchon Thai, Thai Civilized Party	2019 (general)
Tigray Region	Dominant-party	Tigray People's Liberation Front National Congress of Great Tigray, TIP, SAWET, ADP	2020 (parliament)
Togo	Dominant-party	Union for the Republic Union of Forces for Change, NET, MPDD, PDP, MRC	2020 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)
Tokelau	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2020 (general)
Tonga	Two-party	Independents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles Independents, Tonga People's Party	2021 (general)
Transnistria	Dominant-party	Republican Party "Obnovlenie" No parliamentary opposition, Pridnestrovie Communist Party	2021 (presidential) 2020 (legislative)
Trinidad and Tobago	Two-party	People's National Movement United National Congress	2020 (general)
Tobago	Two-party	Progressive Democratic Patriots Tobago Council of the People's National Movement	2021 (legislative)
Tunisia	Multi-party	Non-partisan government, 25th of July Movement People's Movement	2019 (president) 2022–23 (parliament)
Turkey	Multi-party	Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Great Unity Party Republican People's Party, Peoples' Democratic Party, Good Party, TIP, Homeland Party, DP, ZP, DEVA, DBP, Saadet, YP	2018 (presidential) 2018 (parliament)
Turkmenistan	Dominant-party	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs No parliamentary opposition	2018 (parliament) 2022 (presidential)
Turks and Caicos Islands	Two-party	Progressive National Party People's Democratic Movement	2021 (general)
Tuvalu	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2019 (general)

U

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Uganda	Dominant-party	National Resistance Movement NUP, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, JEEMA, PPP	2021 (general)
Ukraine	Multi-party	Servant of the People, Platform for Life and Peace, For the Future, Dovira, Restoration of Ukraine European Solidarity, Batkivshchyna, Holos	2019 (president) 2019 (parliament)
United Arab Emirates	Political parties outlawed		2019 (parliament)
United Kingdom	Multi-party	Conservative Party Labour (official opposition), SNP, Lib Dems, DUP, Sinn Féin, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Alba, Greens, Alliance	2019 (general)
Northern Ireland	Multi-party	Direct rule[g] Sinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP, SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit	2022 (parliament)
Scotland	Multi-party	Scottish National Party, Scottish Greens Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats	2021 (parliament)
Wales	Multi-party	Labour Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Lib Dems	2021 (parliament)
United States	Two-party	Democratic Party Republican Party (majority in U.S. House)	2020 (general) 2022 (legislative)
Uruguay	Multi-party	National Party, Colorado Party, CA, PI, Partido de la Gente Broad Front, PERI	2019 (general)
Uzbekistan	Multi-party	Liberal Democratic Party, National Revival Democratic Party Justice Social Democratic Party, People's Democratic Party, Ecological Party	2021 (presidential) 2019-20 (parliament)

V

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Vanuatu	Multi-party	UMP, RMC, LPV, GJP, NUP, PPP, VNDP, Laverwo Vanua'aku Pati, RDP, Iauko Group, Nagriamel, PUDP, VPDP, UCM, NCM	2022 (general)
Vatican City	Elective absolute monarchy; no political parties		2013 (papal conclave)
Venezuela	Dominant-party	GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP) Democratic Alliance (AD, AP, El Cambio, PV, COPEI), APR (PCV)	2020 (parliament) 2018 (presidential)
Vietnam	One-party	Communist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front	2021 (parliament)
British Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Virgin Islands Party NDP, Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, Progressives United	2019 (general)
U.S. Virgin Islands	Multi-party	Democratic Party Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement	2022 (gubernatorial)

W

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Wallis and Futuna	Non-partisan democracy; no political parties		2022 (legislative)
Western Sahara	One-party	Polisario Front	2020 (legislative)

Y

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Yemen	Dominant-party	General People's Congress[h] Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party	2012 (presidential) 2003 (parliament) See also 2014–2015 takeover

Z

Country	Party system	Ruling party or coalition Other parties	Last election
Zambia	Multi-party	United Party for National Development Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress	2021 (general)
Zimbabwe	Dominant-party	Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front MDC Alliance, Citizens Coalition for Change, MDC–Tsvangirai, NPF	2018 (general)