c. 1175 - the Polity of Namayan was established by the Tagalog people in the Pasig River and on its peak in 1100's led by the house of Lakan Tagkan.[3]
c. 13th Century-the kota Seludong or widely known as Maynila was founded by Avirjirkaya which is covers the present day Intramuros.
c.1300- Empress Sasaban become the regent queen of Namayan, in oral tradition, she was a concubine of Anka Widyaya of Java and having child named Prince Balagtas [4]
1365 - Battle of Manila (1365), Forces of the Kingdoms of Luzon battled the Empire of Majapahit from Java in what is now Manila.
Uncertain - the Tagalog and Kapampangan fortified city of Cainta was established on a upriver which occupied both shores of an arm of the Pasig River. It was located not far from where the Pasig River meets the Lake of Ba-i.[5]
1450 - Kalangitan become the Hara of Tondo she reside in Pasig in the banks of the Bitukang Manok river (present day Parian creek).
1571 - 24 June: Spaniards Martín de Goiti, Juan de Salcedo and Miguel López de Legazpi arrive. and the same time. In August 1571, Legazpi assigned his nephew, Juan de Salcedo, to "pacify" Cainta. After travelling several days upriver, Salcedo lay siege to the city, and eventually found a weak spot on the wall. The final Spanish attack over 400 residents of Cainta killed including their leader Gat Maitan.[7][8]
1572 - The Spanish city was attacked and nearly captured by Chinese pirates.[8]
The first Far Eastern Championship Games, called "the first Oriental Olympic Games," are held at the Carnival grounds (later the site of the Rizal Memorial Sports Stadium) in Malate, 3–7 February, with participants from the US Philippine Islands, China, Japan, the British East Indies (Malaya), Thailand, and British Hong Kong.
1919 - United States military Camp Nichols established near city.
1920 - Ramón Fernández becomes mayor.
1923 - The Peking Council, the Tokyo Council, and the Manila Council, the first Boy Scouts of America Councils in Asia, are organised. (The huge 1973 Golden Jubilee Jamboree of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines would be dated from this year.)
City of Greater Manila formed, merging city and municipal governments of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Makati, Mandaluyong, Parañaque, Pasay, and San Juan.
Dissolution of the Philippine Commonwealth Army's general headquarters and camp base in the city's capital was until the occupied by the Japanese Imperial forces.
1 August: City of Greater Manila disestablished.[35]
Juan L. Nolasco becomes mayor.
The re-established of the general headquarters and military camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army included Philippine Constabulary was turns back are station's re-active in the city's capital after liberation.
^Patanñe,E.P. Philippines in the Sixth to Sixteenth Centuries. 1996.
^Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.
^ abScott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
^Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). The River Dwellers, in Book Pasig : The River of Life (Edited by Reynaldo Gamboa Alejandro and Alfred A. Yuson). Unilever Philippines. pp. cited by Nick Juaquin43–66.
^"Pre-colonial Manila". Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
^ abDery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
^ abBlair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903). Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. 3. Ohio, Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 145.
^David E. Gardinier & Josefina Z. Sevilla-Gardinier (1989). "Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and the Instituto de Mujeres of Manila". Philippine Studies. 37 (1): 29–51. JSTOR42633130.
^ abDavid H. Stam, ed. (2001). "Philippines". International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN1579582443.
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Manilla", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
William Milburn; Thomas Thornton (1825). "Manilla". Oriental Commerce; or the East India Trader's Complete Guide. London: Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen.
Philippines. Office of Public Welfare Commissioner. (1922), Directory of charitable and social service organizations and institutions in the city of Manila (2nd ed.), Manila: Bureau of Printing, OL7214795M
Mauro Garcia, ed. (1971), Focus on old Manila, Manila: Philippine Historical Association
Edilberto De Jesus. 'Manila's first factories', Philippine Historical Review, 4 (1971)
Nicolas Zafra (1974), The colonization of the Philippines and the beginnings of the Spanish city of Manila, Manila: National Historical Commission
William F. Stinner & Melinda Bacol-Montilla (1981). "Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Developing Areas. 16 (1): 3–16. JSTOR4190969. PMID12338830.
Daniel F. Doeppers. Manila, 1900-1941: Social change in a late colonial metropolis (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1984).
Jack Arn (1995). "Pathway To The Periphery: Urbanization, Creation Of A Relative Surplus Population, And Political Outcomes In Manila, Philippines". Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development. 24 (3/4): 189–228. JSTOR40553284.
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Manila". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 565+. ISBN9781884964046.
Xavier Huetz de Lemps. 'Shifts in meaning of "Manila" in the nineteenth century', in Old ties and new solidarities: Studies on Philippine communities, ed. C. J.-H. Macdonald and G. M. Pesigan (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000)
Published in the 21st century
Charles L. Choguill (2001). "Manila: City of Hope or a Planner's Nightmare?". Built Environment. 27 (2): 85–95. JSTOR23287514.
"Manila". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
Bruce P. Lenman (2004). "Manila". In Ooi Keat Gin (ed.). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 854+. ISBN978-1-57607-770-2.
Yoshihiro Chiba (2005). "Cigar-Makers in American Colonial Manila: Survival during Structural Depression in the 1920s". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 36 (3): 373–397. doi:10.1017/s0022463405000214. JSTOR20072667. S2CID161723850.
Gavin Shatkin (2007). Collective Action and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Community Organizations and the Struggle for Shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN978-0-7546-4786-7.
Marco Garrido (2008). "Civil and Uncivil Society Symbolic Boundaries and Civic Exclusion in Metro Manila". Philippine Studies. 56 (4): 443–465. JSTOR42633976.