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((Short description|National motorway system of Italy))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2024))
((Redirect|Autostrada))
((For|the company previously known as Autostrade|Mundys))
[[File:Italia - mappa rete autostradale.svg|thumb|right|250px|Map of the autostrade of Italy]]

The '''autostrade''' (((IPA-it|autoˈstraːde|lang)); ((singular)) ((lang|it|autostrada)) ((IPA-it|autoˈstraːda|))) are roads forming the [[Italy|Italian]] national system of [[motorway]]s. The total length of the system is about ((convert|7016|km)), as of 30 July 2022.<ref name="aiscat">((cite web |title=Aggiornamenti sull'evoluzione del regolamento europeo (AFIR) per la modifica della direttiva europea in materia di combustibili alternativi (DAFI) |trans-title=Updates on the evolution of the European regulation (AFIR) for the amendment of the European directive on alternative fuels (DAFI) |publisher=AISCAT |language=it |url=https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf|access-date=5 March 2024))</ref>  To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for ((convert|355|km)).<ref name="stradeanas">((cite web|url=https://www.stradeanas.it/it/le-strade/la-rete-anas/le-autostrade|title=Le autostrade|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref> 

In particular, ((convert|1870.2|km)) of the Italian motorway network have three lanes per carriageway, ((convert|129|km)) km have four lanes per carriageway, ((convert|1.8|km)) have five lanes per carriageway, while the remaining part is two lanes per carriageway.<ref name="aiscat2">((Cite web |url=http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |title=L'EVOLUZIONE DEL PEDAGGIO E DEI MECCANISMI DI ESAZIONE |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023161908/http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |url-status=dead|language=it))</ref> The density is ((convert|22.4|km)) of motorway for every ((convert|1000|km2)) of Italian territory.<ref name="estradedellinformazione">((Cite web|url=http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|title=Le strade dell'informazione|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

Italy was the first country in the world to build motorways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name="independent"/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The ''Autostrada dei Laghi''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|A8]] and [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|A9]] motorways, was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>

In North and Central Italy, the Autostrade mainly consists of [[toll road|tollways]] managed by [[Autostrade per l'Italia]], a holding company controlled by [[Cassa Depositi e Prestiti]].<ref name="nytimes">((cite web |title=Benetton Family to Control Italian Toll Road Operator |date=22 February 2003 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/22/business/benetton-family-to-control-italian-toll-road-operator.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019150952/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/22/business/benetton-family-to-control-italian-toll-road-operator.html |archive-date=19 October 2022))</ref><ref name="bloombergquint">((Cite web|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/markets/autostrade-said-valued-at-16-5-billion-in-talks-for-stake-sale|title=Infrastructure company controlled by the Benetton famil|date=18 October 2016 |access-date=5 March 2024))</ref> Other operators include ASTM, ATP, and [[Autostrade Lombarde]] in the north-west; [[Autostrada del Brennero (company)|Autostrada del Brennero]], [[A4 Holding]], ((ill|Concessioni Autostradali Venete|it)), and ((ill|Autovie Venete|it)) in the north-east; ((ill|Strada dei Parchi|it|Strada dei Parchi (azienda))), SALT, SAT, and Autocisa in the center; and CAS in the south.

On Italian motorways the [[Toll (fee)|toll]] applies to almost all motorways not managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. The collection of motorway tolls, from a tariff point of view, is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (km actually travelled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).<ref name="autostrade.it"/> Given the multiplicity of operators, the toll is only requested when exiting the motorway and not when the motorway operator changes. This system was made possible following Article 14 of Law 531 of 12 August 1982.<ref name="edizionieuropee"/>

==History==
[[File:1924-09-21-VittorioEmmanuelle-LanciaTrikappa-AutostradaLaghi.jpg|thumb|The King [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]] inaugurated the ''Autostrada dei Laghi'' ("Lakes Motorway"; now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]]), the first [[motorway]] built in the world,<ref name="independent"/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> on 21 September 1924, aboard the royal [[Lancia Trikappa]]]]
[[File:Inaugurazione autostrada A11.jpg|thumb|[[Foundation stone]] laying ceremony for the [[Florence]]-Mare motorway (the current [[Autostrada A11 (Italy)|Autostrada A11]]) in 1927]]
[[File:AutoSole4X1964Segni335WP.JPG|thumb|The [[President of Italy]] [[Antonio Segni]] inaugurated the ''Autostrada del Sole'' ("Sun Motorway"; now called [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]]), on 4 October 1964, aboard the presidential [[Lancia Flaminia]].]]
[[File:Costruzione A22.JPG|thumb|The construction of one of the many viaducts of the [[Autostrada A22 (Italy)|Autostrada A22]] in the 1970s]]
[[File:Maurizio lupi inaugurazione brebemi a35 renzi maroni (4) (14538830020).jpg|thumb|Inauguration ceremony of the [[Autostrada A35]] on 23 July 2014]]

The term "''autostrada''" was used for the first time in an official document from 1922 in which the engineer [[Piero Puricelli]] presented the project for the ''Autostrada dei Laghi'' ("Lakes Motorway"); with that term, it indicated those roads characterized by a straight path (as far as possible), without obstacles, characterized by a high achievable speed, passable only by motor vehicles (((lang-it|autoveicoli)), hence the name) aimed at the rapid transport of goods and people.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/strade/strada_italia/index/periodo/primo_dopoguerra#cap_5|title=Le prime autostrade su Strade ANAS|access-date=1 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

Italy was the first country in the world to build motorways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name=independent>((Cite news |first=Thea |last=Lenarduzzi |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-worlds-first-motorway-piero-puricellis-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html|title=The motorway that built Italy: Piero Puricelli's masterpiece|date=30 January 2016|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=12 May 2022))</ref><ref name="motorwebmuseum">((cite web|url=https://www.motorwebmuseum.it/en/places/varese/the-milano-laghi-by-piero-puricelli-the-first-motorway-in-the-world/|title=The "Milano-Laghi" by Piero Puricelli, the first motorway in the world|access-date=10 May 2022))</ref> The ''Autostrada dei Laghi''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]], was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> Piero Puricelli, a civil engineer and entrepreneur, received the first authorization to build a public-utility fast road in 1921, and completed the construction (one lane in each direction) between 1924 and 1926. Piero Puricelli decided to cover the expenses by introducing a [[Toll road|toll]].<ref>((cite web |url = http://local.aaca.org/bntc/mileposts/1924.htm |title = 1924 Mile Posts |access-date = 3 April 2006 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080312014538/http://local.aaca.org/bntc/mileposts/1924.htm|archive-date = 12 March 2008 ))</ref>

It was a futuristic project, because there were few cars in circulation in Italy at that time. In 1923 there were a total of 53,000 cars circulating on Italian roads (between 1928 and 1929 there was a significant increase, as they went from 142,000 cars in circulation to 173,000 respectively).<ref name="focus.it">((cite web|url=https://www.focus.it/cultura/storia/storia-dell-automobile-quando-c-era-un-auto-ogni-230-abitanti|title=Storia dell'automobile: quando c'era un'auto ogni 230 abitanti|access-date=1 March 2024|language=it))</ref> In 1927 there were 135,900 cars circulating in Italy, corresponding to one vehicle for every 230 inhabitants, while today the ratio is 1 car for every 1.6 inhabitants.<ref name="focus.it"/> The most motorized [[Italian region]]s were those of [[northern Italy]] and [[central Italy]], with [[Lombardy]] at the top of the list with over 38,700 cars in 1923, while at the bottom of the list was [[Basilicata]] with 502 cars.<ref name="focus.it"/> [[Milan]] was the Italian city in which the most car licenses were issued annually (12,000 in 1928), while the Italian region where the fewest licenses were issued was [[Sardinia]], with only 632 new licenses.<ref name="focus.it"/>

In 1927 the Milan-[[Bergamo]] motorway was opened (part of the current [[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|Autostrada A4]]) whose concessionary company was owned by Piero Puricelli. In 1929 the [[Naples]]-[[Pompei]] motorway (part of the current [[Autostrada A3 (Italy)|Autostrada A3]]) was inaugurated, while in 1931 the [[Brescia]]-Bergamo motorway (part of the current Autostrada A4) was inaugurated. In 1932 the [[Turin]]-Milan motorway (part of the current Autostrada A4) was opened. In 1933 the [[Florence]]-Mare motorway (the current [[Autostrada A11 (Italy)|Autostrada A11]]) and the [[Padua]]-[[Venice]] motorway (part of the current Autostrada A4) were opened. In 1935, after 3 years of work, the [[Genoa]]-[[Serravalle]]-[[Scrivia]] (the current [[Autostrada A7 (Italy)|Autostrada A7]]) was opened.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.stradeeautostrade.it/notizie/2015/l-autostrada-a7-genova-serravalle-da-80-anni-al-servizio-del-paese/|title=L'Autostrada A7 Genova-Serravalle: da 80 anni al servizio del Paese|date=3 October 2015 |access-date=24 February 2024|language=it))</ref> However, the first regulatory definition dates back only to 1933 with Royal Decree no. 1740 of 1933 which defined autostrade as roads reserved for motor vehicles only.<ref name=Camera>((cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/cartellecomuni/leg14/RapportoAttivitaCommissioni/testi/08/08_cap19.htm|title=Rapporto della Commissione Trasporti della Camera|access-date=9 March 2024|language=it))</ref> In 1939, a year before Italy entered into the [[World War II]], the construction of the Genoa-[[Savona]] motorway (the current [[Autostrada A10 (Italy)|Autostrada A10]]) was approved.

Legislative decree 17 April 1948, n. 547 defines motorways "as those communication routes reserved for paid transit of motor vehicles, built and operated by the A.N.A.S. or by private individuals, with or without State contributions".<ref>((Cite web | url = http://www.edizionieuropee.it/data/html/52/zn93_09_013.html | title = § 93.9.13 - D.Lgs. 17 aprile 1948, n. 547. Modificazioni al decreto legislativo Presidenziale 27 giugno 1946, n. 38, concernente l'istituzione dell'Azienda nazionale autonoma delle strade [...] | access-date = 12 October 2022|language=it))</ref> In 1955 the [[Giuseppe Romita|Romita]] law was promulgated which provided that the motorway network must be present in all regions, work began on the Genoa-Savona and the doubling of single carriageway motorways began with financing law no. 1328/1955. The law of 7 February 1961, n. 59 defines motorways "as those communication routes exclusively reserved for the selected transit, usually for a fee, of motor vehicles and motorbikes, without level crossings or in any case unattended, which are recognized as such by decree of the Minister for Public Works".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1961-02-07;59@originale|title=LEGGE 7 febbraio 1961, n. 59 - Normattiva|access-date=20 January 2024|language=it))</ref>

In 1961, by Law 24 July 1961 n. 729, the construction of the Adriatica ([[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|Autostrada A14]]), Naples-Canosa ([[Autostrada A16 (Italy)|Autostrada A16]]) and Caserta-Salerno ([[Autostrada A30 (Italy)|Autostrada A30]]) motorways was approved.<ref>Law 24 July 1961, n. 729.</ref> The same law provided for the construction of motorway junctions. Also in the 1960s, the first automatic pay stations were introduced for paying tolls only with coins.<ref name=a>((cite web|url=http://www.autostrade.it/pdf/la-nostra-storia/parte1.pdf|title=LA nostra storia|pages=154/155|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918031308/http://autostrade.it/pdf/la-nostra-storia/parte1.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2010|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref> In 1964, the [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]] Milan-[[Rome]] was completed, the first dual carriageway motorway in the world with sections also in the mountains.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bolognatoday.it/social/fanfani-inaugurazione-a1-tratto-bologna-firenze.html|title=AccaddeOggi: il presidente del consiglio Fanfani inaugurò il tratto appenninico dell'A1 tra Bologna e Firenze|access-date=24 February 2024|language=it))</ref> In 1973 the first motorway in [[Sicily]] (the [[Autostrada A18 (Italy)|Autostrada A18]]) was inaugurated. In the 1970s the [[Grande Raccordo Anulare]] was classified as a motorway.

In 1975, law 492 was promulgated (in force until the 1990s) which provides for the blocking of motorway construction due to the [[1973 oil crisis|oil crisis]]. Since 1981, toll tickets with mechanical perforation have been replaced with tickets with a magnetic stripe.<ref name=a/> Meanwhile, construction work continues on the motorways already under construction, which had not been affected by law 492. In 1984 the Viacard began to spread, followed in the following years by the [[Telepass]] introduced in 1990.

In 1997 work began on the modernization of the [[Salerno]]-[[Reggio Calabria]] motorway. Completed in 2017, it was then renamed [[Autostrada A2 (Italy)|Autostrada A2]], to replace the old name which then remained only for the Naples-[[Salerno]] section. In 2001, with the doubling of the [[Autostrada A6 (Italy)|Autostrada A6]], all motorways in Italy are dual carriageways.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.stagniweb.it/foto6.asp?File=tci200&Inizio=12&Righe=10&InizioI=1&RigheI=50&Col=4&Titolo=0|title=Genova lungo un secolo|access-date=24 February 2024|language=it))</ref> In 2009 the [[Mestre]] bypass was opened (classified as Autostrada A4). Between 2014 and 2015, the [[Autostrada A35 (Italy)|Autostrada A35]], [[Autostrada A36 (Italy)|Autostrada A36]], [[Autostrada A58 (Italy)|Autostrada A58]], [[Autostrada A59 (Italy)|Autostrada A59]], and [[Autostrada A60 (Italy)|Autostrada A60]] motorways were opened. In March 2022, the 3-lane section of the Autostrada A1 southbound between [[Barberino di Mugello]] and [[Calenzano]] was opened, which - although not officially - constitutes the natural continuation of the [[Variante di Valico]]; in this stretch the Santa Lucia tunnel is crossed which, at ((convert|7.724|km)), is the longest 3-lane tunnel in Europe.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/tgr/toscana/articoli/2022/03/tos-a1-galleria-santa-lucia-barberino-calenzano-55c34bf9-cf90-408b-bed4-1b98386078c5.html#:~:text=A%20spiccare%2C%20in%20particolare%2C%20%C3%A8,anno%20a%20beneficio%20degli%20automobilisti.|title=Apre domani la galleria a tre corsie più lunga d'Europa|date=18 March 2022 |access-date=24 February 2024|language=it))</ref>

==Characteristics==
[[File:Autostrada -A14- 2018 by-RaBoe 013.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|Autostrada A14]]]]
[[File:MassarosaA11A12.JPG|thumb|[[Autostrada A11 (Italy)|Autostrada A11]]]]
[[File:Autostrada A12 Italia 02.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A12 (Italy)|Autostrada A12]]]]

In order for a road to be classified as a motorway, various geometric and construction conditions must be satisfied and these, although very similar in basis (for example the width of the travel lanes must be ((convert|3.75|m))) are not constant: there are different technical-legal regulations for motorways built in urban or extra-urban areas.<ref name=autogenerato1>((cite web|url=http://www.sicurezzastradalepiemonte.it/it/documentazione/normativa/italia/DM%205%20nov2001%20norme%20costruzione%20strade.pdf/preview_popup/file|title=Norme funzionali e geometriche per la costruzione delle strade previsto dal Codice della strada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160137/http://www.sicurezzastradalepiemonte.it/it/documentazione/normativa/italia/DM%205%20nov2001%20norme%20costruzione%20strade.pdf/preview_popup/file |archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

The Italian [[traffic code]] defines the motorway as follows:

((Quote|text=extra-urban or urban road with independent carriageways or separated by an impassable traffic island, each with at least two [[lane]]s, possible paved shoulder on the left and [[Shoulder (road)|emergency lane]] or paved shoulder on the right, without [[Intersection (road)|at-grade intersections]] and private accesses, equipped with a fence and user assistance systems along the entire route, reserved for the circulation of certain categories of motor vehicles and characterized by specific start and end signs; must be equipped with special [[rest area]]s and parking areas, both with accesses equipped with deceleration and acceleration lanes.|author=Art. 2 Italian traffic code<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-i-disposizioni-generali/art-2-definizione-e-classificazione-delle-strade.html|title=Art. 2. Definizione e classificazione delle strade|date=15 September 2023 |access-date=27 February 2024|language=it))</ref>))

These characteristics, however, may not be respected (for example in the application of the dynamic lane) by virtue of the exceptions provided for by the Italian traffic code itself:

((Quote|text=when particular local, environmental, landscape, archaeological and economic conditions do not allow adaptation, provided that road safety is ensured and pollution is in any case avoided.|author=Art. 13 paragraph 2 Italian traffic code<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.progressivo=0&art.idArticolo=13&art.versione=1&art.codiceRedazionale=093A6158&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1994-03-22&art.idGruppo=2&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.flagTipoArticolo=0|title=Art. 13 (a) - Norme per la costruzione e la gestione delle strade.|access-date=27 February 2024|language=it))</ref>))

((Quote|text=In the event that, [...], particular local, environmental, landscape, archaeological and economic conditions do not allow full compliance with these regulations, different design solutions may be adopted provided that they are supported by specific safety analyses and subject to the favourable opinion of the Superior Council of Public Works for motorways, main extra-urban roads and urban thoroughfares, and of the Regional Authority for Public Works for other roads.|author=Art. 3 "Functional rules for the construction of roads provided for by the Italian traffic code"<ref name=autogenerato1 />))

In any case, some standards are applied in all newly built motorways. For example, the interchanges must be accessible by ramps (acceleration and deceleration lanes) set aside from the main traffic flow, the carriageways separated by continuous [[median strip]]s. There may be [[traffic light]]s intended only for emergencies, while emergency telephones (SOS columns) must be positioned with a certain frequency in emergency parking spaces. The beginning and end of a motorway must be marked with appropriate signs.

==Extent==
The total length of the Italian motorway system is about ((convert|7016|km)), as of 30 July 2022.<ref name="aiscat"/> To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for ((convert|355|km)).<ref name="stradeanas"/> In particular, ((convert|1870.2|km)) of the Italian motorway network have three lanes per carriageway, ((convert|129|km)) km have four lanes per carriageway, ((convert|1.8|km)) have five lanes per carriageway, while the remaining part is two lanes per carriageway.<ref name="aiscat2"/> The density is ((convert|22.4|km)) of motorway for every ((convert|1000|km2)) of Italian territory.<ref name="estradedellinformazione"/>

==Nomenclature==
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = A22 Autostrada - Brenner Pass from Verona to Bolzano (5994736833).jpg
| width1            = 200
| alt1              =
| caption1          = [[Autostrada A22 (Italy)|Autostrada A22]]
| image2            = Tribiano - tangenziale est esterna.jpg
| width2            = 200
| alt2              =
| caption2          = [[Autostrada A58 (Italy)|Autostrada A58]]
| footer            =
))

Italian motorways follow a single numbering, even if managed by different concessionaire companies: they are all marked with the letter "A" ("RA" in the case of motorway junctions, with the exception of the [[Bereguardo]]-[[Pavia]] junction numbered on the signs as [[Autostrada A53 (Italy)|Autostrada A53]], and "T" for the international [[Alps|Alpine]] tunnels) followed by a number. Therefore a motorway with the same numbering can be managed by different concessionaire companies (for example the [[Autostrada A23 (Italy)|Autostrada A23]] is managed for a stretch by ((ill|Società Autostrade Alto Adriatico|it)) and for the remaining stretch by Autostrade per l'Italia<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.programmazioneeconomica.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/esito-CIPE-24-luglio-2019-SI-PUBBLICHI.pdf|title=CIPE - Esito seduta del 24 luglio 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|language=it))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.autostradealtoadriatico.it/Home/Company|title=La Società - Società Autostradale Alto Adriatico|access-date=21 September 2019|language=it))</ref>).

In road signs the alphanumeric acronym is enclosed (not in the case of the 16 junctions) in a green octagon with a white acronym. The numbers of motorways and tunnels are assigned with a circular from the [[Minister of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Minister of Infrastructure and Transport]] to be published in the ''[[Gazzetta Ufficiale]]''.<ref>Art. 129 of the ''Regulations for the Implementation of the Italian traffic code'' in relation to article 39 of the Italian traffic code.</ref>

==Motorway concessions==
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Fort of Bard.JPG
| width1            = 200
| alt1              =
| caption1          = [[Autostrada A5 (Italy)|Autostrada A5]]
| image2            = La galleria Mandriavecchia in direzione Modica.jpg
| width2            = 200
| alt2              =
| caption2          = [[Autostrada A18 (Italy)|Autostrada A18]]
| footer            =
))

The current law (Legislative Decree no. 50/2016) provides that the operational risk is transferred from the contracting authorities to the private economic operator. It also includes traffic risk, i.e. the manifestation of demand for motorway services that is lower than market forecasts and to such an extent that it does not guarantee coverage of the investments and costs of managing the works and the service. Public administrations remain responsible for risks on the supply and demand side that can be attributed outside the scope of normal operating conditions due to the existence of unforeseen and unpredictable events.<ref name="bosettiegatti.eu">((cite web |url=https://www.bosettiegatti.eu/info/norme/statali/2016_0050.htm#003.qq|title=Decreto legislativo 18 aprile 2016, n. 50 - Codice dei contratti pubblici, art. 178, c. 8|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

Examples of the latter case include the unavailability of the infrastructure due to the failure to carry out scheduled and breakdown maintenance by the concessionaire if it has been deprived of the necessary administrative authorizations and, in particular, of the cost variations borne by the Italian State, which in any case could have been anticipated by the private economic operator, only to then exercise the right of compensation against the public administration. A second example, on the demand side, derives from the unpredictability of demand due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|COVID-19 pandemic]] and the randomness of the choices made by the [[public administration]] to restrict citizens' freedom of movement.

The only exception to this financial scheme is represented by the contractual instrument of the [[public–private partnership]].<ref name="bosettiegatti.eu" /> However, it ordinarily - but not necessarily exclusively - identifies the public administration itself, and not the citizens, as the main user-customer of the service provided by the concessionaire's infrastructure and the user of the granted work. However, it contemplates the granting of ownership or right of enjoyment of a work that is:<ref>Gabriele Pasquini, ''Il project financing e l'accordo bonario'', in ''Giornale di diritto amministrativo'', December 2002, p. 1277, IPSOa-Scuola d'Impresa. (In Italian)</ref>

* functional to the management of public services;
* available to the contracting authority or which, without any other function of public interest, has been expropriated for this purpose. The motorway network belongs to this category.

==Management==
[[File:Autostrada del Sole - Italy - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]]]]
[[File:Autostrada A24 Rom 04(RaBoe).jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A24 (Italy)|Autostrada A24]]]]

Italian motorways are mostly managed by concessionaire companies. From 1 October 2012 the granting body is the [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport]] and no longer [[Anas (company)|Anas]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/convenzioni_societa|title=Anas S.p.A. -Le società concessionarie|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref> and the majority (((convert|5773.4|km)) in 2009<ref name=luz>((cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/1617|title=Ispettorato Vigilanza Concessioni Autostradali - Attività ed obiettivi|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>) are subject to [[Toll (fee)|toll]] payments. The motorways are managed either by Anas or by companies that have signed agreements with Anas itself.

Until September 2012, Anas controlled the operations of the concessionaire companies through the IVCA (Supervision Inspectorate for motorway concessions) equipped with an autonomous organizational structure. Starting from 1 October 2012, the functions were then transferred to the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/attivita_ispettive|title=Anas S.p.A. - Attività ispettive|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref> which exercises them through the General Directorate for Supervision of Motorway Concessions.

In North and Central Italy, the Autostrade mainly consists of [[toll road|tollways]] managed by [[Autostrade per l'Italia]], a holding company controlled by [[Cassa Depositi e Prestiti]].<ref name="nytimes"/><ref name="bloombergquint"/>  Other operators include ASTM, ATP, and [[Autostrade Lombarde]] in the north-west; [[Autostrada del Brennero (company)|Autostrada del Brennero]], [[A4 Holding]], ((ill|Concessioni Autostradali Venete|it)), and ((ill|Autovie Venete|it)) in the north-east; ((ill|Strada dei Parchi|it|Strada dei Parchi (azienda))), SALT, SAT, and Autocisa in the center; and CAS in the south. . In 2009 the entire sector generated a turnover of 5,250 million euros (of which 4,600 million euros in tolls). 50% of the turnover was allocated to investments and maintenance.<ref name="luz" />

The art. 27 of the legislative decree of 21 June 2013, n. 69 - converted into law 9 August 2013, n. 98 - modified the procedure for the approval of annual adjustments to motorway tariffs, abolishing the provision (dictated by paragraph 5 of art. 21 of legislative decree 355/2003) which regulated, within the scope of the procedure, the relationship between companies grantor and Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport. Now the proposal relating to the tariff changes that the concessionaire intends to apply is formulated to the grantor (therefore to the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport), by 15 October of each year and that this proposal is approved or rejected by 15 December, by decree reasoned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (in agreement with the [[Minister of Economy and Finance (Italy)|Minister of Economy and Finance]]).<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/leg17/465?tema=autostrade#4331|title=Le tariffe autostradali|access-date=9 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

==Traffic laws==
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Italian traffic signs - inizio autostrada in 2020.02.jpg
| width1            = 130
| alt1              =
| caption1          = An autostrada regulation sign along an entrance ramp to the [[Autostrada A91 (Italy)|Autostrada A91]]
| image2            = Autostrada A1 San Zenone Est.JPG
| width2            = 230
| alt2              =
| caption2          = [[San Zenone al Lambro]] rest area along the [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]]
| footer            =
))

Italy's motorways must not be used by:<ref>Art. 175, ''Nuovo codice della strada''</ref>
*Pedestrians and animals
*[[Bicycle|Pedal-cycles]]
*Mopeds
*Motorcycles having an engine displacement less than ((convert|150|cc|cuin)) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
*Sidecars having an engine displacement less than ((cvt|250|cc|cuin)) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine)
*Motorized tricycles designed for the transport of people with up to 2 seats having an engine displacement less than ((cvt|250|cc|cuin)) (if equipped with an internal combustion engine) or having an engine power less than ((convert|15|kW|PS bhp|lk=on))
*Motorcycle-like vehicles (''motoveicoli'') not included in previous categories having an empty vehicle weight up to ((cvt|400|kg)) or a gross vehicle mass up to ((cvt|1300|kg))
*Cars with a maximum speed on flat road less than ((convert|80|km/h|mph|round=5)) <ref>Art. 372, ''Regolamento di esecuzione del codice della strada''</ref>
*Vehicles without tyres
*Agricultural vehicles and technical vehicles (e.g. [[heavy equipment]])

The movement of pedestrians and animals (if supervised) is permitted only in service and [[rest area]]s. Pedestrians can also travel in the emergency lane only to reach an aid station (for example an SOS column). In service and parking areas, vehicles cannot remain parked for more than 24 hours except for the parking areas of motorway hotels (or similar commercial establishments).<ref>Art. 175, ''Codice della strada''</ref>

==Safety==
===Speed limits===
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = A4 uscita Bergamo.jpg
| width1            = 200
| alt1              =
| caption1          = [[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|Autostrada A4]]
| image2            = Cogoleto-autostrada.jpg
| width2            = 200
| alt2              =
| caption2          = [[Autostrada A10 (Italy)|Autostrada A10]]
| footer            =
))

Italy's motorways have a standard speed limit of ((cvt|130|km/h|mph|round=5)) for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or when visibility is poor due to weather) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to ((cvt|150|km/h|mph|round=5)) on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working [[SPECS (speed camera)|SICVE]], or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measures the average speed over a given distance. 

Unlike the normal [[speed camera]], which measures the instantaneous speed of vehicles in a certain road section, the Safety Tutor instead measures the average speed between two sections even several kilometres away, in order to provide a reliable and indisputable measurement for detecting infringements, without penalizing those who exceed the speed limit for short distances such as, for example, when overtaking. One year after the introduction of the Safety Tutor (which took place on 23 December 2005<ref>((cite web |archive-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122073644/http://poliziadistato.it/pds/stradale/tutor/index.htm |title=Il Tutor sulla pagina della Polizia Stradale |url=http://www.poliziadistato.it/pds/stradale/tutor/index.htm |url-status=dead|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>), important benefits were found in reducing accident rates (-22%). In the first year of use, the death rate decreased by 50% and the injury rate by 34% in the areas where the device was installed.<ref>((cite web|url=http://download.repubblica.it/pdf/motori/12mesitutor.pdf|title=La prevenzione nella sicurezza stradale: risultati tutor primi 12 mesi, Autostrade per l'Italia|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

The first speed limit, to ((cvt|120|km/h|mph|round=5)), was enacted in November 1973 as a result of the [[1973 oil crisis]].<ref name=law>((citation |title=Disegno di Legge |trans-title=draft law |publisher=Senato della repubblica |language=it |work=Legislative Decree |number=967 |page=2 |date=7 April 1988))</ref> In October 1977, a graduated system was introduced: cars with engine displacement above ((cvt|1.3|L|cuin)) had a ((cvt|140|km/h|mph|round=5)) speed limit, cars of 900–1299&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> had a limit of ((cvt|130|km/h|mph|round=5)), those of 600–899&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> could drive at ((cvt|110|km/h|mph|round=5)), and those of ((cvt|599|cm3|cuin)) or less had a maximum speed of ((cvt|90|km/h|mph|round=5)).<ref name=law/> In July 1988 a blanket speed limit of ((cvt|110|km/h|mph|round=5)) was imposed on all cars above 600&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> (the lower limit was kept for smaller cars) by the short-lived [[Italian Democratic Socialist Party|PSDI]] government. In September 1989 this was increased to ((cvt|130|km/h|mph|round=5)) for cars above ((cvt|1.1|L|cuin)) and ((cvt|110|km/h|mph|round=5)) for smaller ones.<ref name=libera>((cite journal |title='Via libera ai 130&nbsp;km/h' la camera aumenta i limiti di velocità |trans-title=Green light for 130&nbsp;km/h: chamber increases speed limits |journal=La Repubblica |last=Novella de Luca |first=Maria |date=28 September 1989|url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1989/09/28/via-libera-ai-130-la-camera-aumenta.html |access-date=18 January 2017|language=it))</ref>

===Safe design===
[[File:Autostrada A20 Torregrotta.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A20 (Italy)|Autostrada A20]]]]

The safety features of the Italian motorways include:
* one-way driving: the lanes driving in the opposite direction are separated by a crash barrier; there are no intersecting roads but overpasses and underpasses;
* wider carriageways, with at least 2 (often 3) lanes driving in the same direction, with a larger turning radius. Each lane is ((convert|3.75|m)) wide.<ref name=autogenerato1 />
* long entrance and exit ramps or slip roads to get in or out of the motorway without disturbing the traffic;
* an [[emergency lane]] with a minimum width of ((convert|2.5|m)) metres,<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.versione=1&art.idGruppo=0&art.flagTipoArticolo=2&art.codiceRedazionale=080U0922&art.idArticolo=19&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1981-01-05&art.progressivo=0#:~:text=1.2.2.,raccomandata%20per%20le%20strade%20ordinarie.|title=CONDIZIONI ALLE QUALI DEBBONO RISPONDERE LE GRANDI STRADE A TRAFFICO INTERNAZIONALE|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref> where it is forbidden to drive (except for emergency services), to park (except in case of emergency) and to walk;
* presence of emergency call boxes every ((convert|1.5|km)) on each side, which allow you to [[call for help]] from medical assistance, mechanical assistance and [[Fire Brigade]] with the possibility of localizing the call;<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.autobrennero.it/it/sicurezza-e-viabilita/infrastruttura/colonnine-sos/|title=Colonnine SOS|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref>
* service areas (((lang-it|area di servizio)), with parking, public toilets and at least one [[petrol station]]) every ((convert|30|km)); in 98% of cases there is also a refreshment facility;<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.aiscat.it/rifornimento-e-ristoro/|title=Rifornimento e Ristoro|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref>
* dynamic information panels that warn about possible difficulties ahead (e.g. accidents, roadworks, traffic jams);
* a radio station (102.5 MHz in FM) provides traffic information bulletins and breaking news for emergencies;<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.ilportaledellautomobilista.it/web/portale-automobilista/-/autostrade-e-rtl-102-5-informazioni-in-digitale-sul-traffico|title=AUTOSTRADE E RTL 102.5: INFORMAZIONI IN DIGITALE SUL TRAFFICO|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref>

==Toll==
[[File:Barriera venezia mestre.png|thumb|[[Toll plaza]] along the [[Tangenziale di Mestre|Autostrada A57]]|400x400px]]
[[File:Highway A9, toll station Como Grandate, Italy-8973.jpg|thumb|Toll station along the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]]]]

On Italian motorways, the [[Toll (fee)|toll]] applies to almost all motorways not managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. The collection of motorway tolls, from a tariff point of view, is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (km travelled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).<ref name="autostrade.it">((cite web|url=http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1|title=Come si calcola il pedaggio - Autostrade per l'Italia S.p.A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406014722/http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1|archive-date=6 April 2010|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

Given the multiplicity of operators, the toll is only requested when exiting the motorway and not when the motorway operator changes. This system was made possible following article 14 of law 531 of 12 August 1982.<ref name="edizionieuropee">((cite web|url=http://www.edizionieuropee.it/LAW/HTML/52/zn93_09_047.html|title=Legge 12 agosto 1982, n. 531. - Piano decennale per la viabilità di grande comunicazione e misure di riassetto del settore autostradale.|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

From a technical point of view, however, the mixed barrier/free-flow system is active where, at the entrance and exit from the motorways, there are lanes dedicated to the collection of a ticket (on entry) and the delivery of the ticket with simultaneous payment (on exit) and other lanes where, during transit without the need to stop, an [[Electronic toll collection|electronic toll system]]<ref name=":0">In Italy the devices allowed are [[Telepass]], [[MooneyGo]], [[UnipolMove]] and other devices pursuant to [[European Union|EU]] regulations</ref> present in the vehicles records the data and debits the toll, generally into the bank account previously communicated by the customer, to the manager of his device. In Italy, this occurs through the [[Autostrade per l'Italia]] interchange system.

The [[Autostrada A36]], [[Autostrada A59]] and [[Autostrada A60]] are exclusively free-flow. On these motorways, those who do not have the electronic toll device on board must proceed with the payment by subsequently communicating the data to the motorway manager (by telephone, online or by going to the offices dedicated to payment).

The closed motorway system is applied to most Italian motorways.<ref name="laleggepertutti">((cite web|url=https://www.laleggepertutti.it/628460_dove-sono-i-pedaggi|title=Dove sono i pedaggi?|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref> It requires the driver of the vehicle to collect a special ticket at the entrance to the motorway and pay the amount due upon exit. If equipped with an electronic toll system the two procedures are completely automatic and the driver on the detection lanes located at the entrances and exits from the motorways subject to toll payment must only proceed at a maximum speed of ((convert|30|km/h|mph|round=5)) without the need to stop.<ref>((cite web|url=https://asartservizi.it/servizi/telepass-e-viacard-2/|title=PER VIAGGIARE IN ITALIA TELEPASS E VIACARD|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref> The amount is directly proportional to the distance travelled by the vehicle, the coefficient of its class and a variable coefficient from motorway to motorway, called the kilometre rate. 

Unlike the closed motorway system, in the open system, the road user does not pay based on the distance travelled. Motorway barriers are arranged along the route (however not at every junction), at which the user pays a fixed sum, depending only on the class of the vehicle.<ref name="laleggepertutti"/> The user can therefore travel along sections of the motorway without paying any toll as the barriers may not be present on the section travelled.

==List of current autostrade==
((Routelist top|name|unit=km))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=1
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Sole))
|length_km=759.8
|terminus_a=[[Milan]]
|terminus_b=[[Naples]]
|established=1964
|notes=[[European route E35|E35]], [[European route E45|E45]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=2
|dab=1962–1988
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Sole))
|length_km=202.1
|terminus_a=[[Rome]]
|terminus_b=[[Naples]]
|established=1962
|decommissioned=1988
|notes=Absorbed into the A1
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=2
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Mediterraneo))
|length_km=442.9
|terminus_a=[[Salerno]]
|terminus_b=[[Reggio Calabria]]
|established=2017
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]], [[European route E90|E90]], [[European route E841|E841]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=3
|length_km=51.7
|terminus_a=[[Naples]]
|terminus_b=[[Salerno]]
|established=1974
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=4
|local=((lang|it|Serenissima))
|length_km=522.4
|terminus_a=[[Turin]]
|terminus_b=[[Trieste]]
|established=1927
|notes=[[European route E55|E55]], [[European route E64|E64]], [[European route E70|E70]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=5
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada della Valle d'Aosta))
|length_km=141.4
|terminus_a=[[Turin]]
|terminus_b=[[Mont Blanc]]
|established=1961
|notes=[[European route E25|E25]], [[European route E612|E612]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=6
|local=((lang|it|La Verdemare))
|length_km=123.7
|terminus_a=[[Turin]]
|terminus_b=[[Savona]]
|established=1960
|notes=[[European route E717|E717]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=7
|local=((lang|it|Serravalle))
|length_km=135.5
|terminus_a=[[Milan]]
|terminus_b=[[Genoa]]
|established=1935
|notes=[[European route E25|E25]], [[European route E62|E62]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=8
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Laghi))
|length_km=43.6
|terminus_a=[[Milan]]
|terminus_b=[[Varese]]
|established=1924
|notes=[[European route E35|E35]], [[European route E62|E62]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=9
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Laghi))
|length_km=30.9
|terminus_a=[[Lainate]]
|terminus_b=[[Chiasso]]
|established=1924
|notes=[[European route E35|E35]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=10
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Fiori))
|length_km=158.1
|terminus_a=[[Genoa]]
|terminus_b=[[Ventimiglia]]
|established=1967
|notes=[[European route E25|E25]], [[European route E74|E74]], [[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=11
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada Firenze-Mare))
|length_km=81.7
|terminus_a=[[Florence]]
|terminus_b=[[Pisa]]
|established=1933
|notes=[[European route E76|E76]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=12
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada Azzurra))
|length_km=210.0
|terminus_a=[[Genoa]]
|terminus_b=[[Rosignano Marittimo]]
|established=1967
|notes=[[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=13
|length_km=116.7
|terminus_a=[[Bologna]]
|terminus_b=[[Padua]]
|established=1970
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=14
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada Adriatica))
|length_km=743.4
|terminus_a=[[Bologna]]
|terminus_b=[[Taranto]]
|established=1966
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]], [[European route E843|E843]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=15
|local=((lang|it|Autocamionale della Cisa))
|length_km=108.5
|terminus_a=[[Parma]]
|terminus_b=[[La Spezia]]
|established=1975
|notes=[[European route E33|E33]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=16
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Due Mari))
|length_km=172.5
|terminus_a=[[Naples]]
|terminus_b=[[Canosa di Puglia]]
|established=1966
|notes=[[European route E842|E842]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=17
|length_km=242
|terminus_a=[[Naples]]
|terminus_b=[[Bari]]
|established=1969
|decommissioned=1973
|notes=Absorbed into the A14 and A16
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=18
|length_km=76.8
|terminus_a=[[Messina]]
|terminus_b=[[Catania]]
|established=1971
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=18 SR-Gela
|length_km=47.7
|terminus_a=[[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]
|terminus_b=[[Ispica]]
|established=1983
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=19
|length_km=191.6
|terminus_a=[[Palermo]]
|terminus_b=[[Catania]]
|established=1970
|notes=[[European route E90|E90]], [[European route E932|E932]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=20
|length_km=183.0
|terminus_a=[[Messina]]
|terminus_b=[[Termini Imerese|Buonfornello]]
|established=1972
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]], [[European route E90|E90]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=21
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Vini))
|length_km=238.3
|terminus_a=[[Turin]]
|terminus_b=[[Brescia]]
|established=1968
|notes=[[European route E70|E70]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=22
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Brennero))
|length_km=315.0
|terminus_a=[[Brenner, South Tyrol|Brenner]]
|terminus_b=[[Modena]]
|established=1968
|notes=[[European route E45|E45]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=23
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada Alpe-Adria))
|length_km=119.9
|terminus_a=[[Palmanova]]
|terminus_b=[[Tarvisio]]
|established=1966
|notes=[[European route E55|E55]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=24
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Parchi))
|length_km=158.8
|terminus_a=[[Rome]]
|terminus_b=[[Teramo]]
|established=1969
|notes=[[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=25
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Parchi))
|length_km=115.0
|terminus_a=[[Torano di Borgorose]]
|terminus_b=[[Pescara]]
|established=1969
|notes=[[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=26
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada dei Trafori))
|length_km=197.1
|terminus_a=[[Genoa]]
|terminus_b=[[Gravellona Toce]]
|established=1976
|notes=[[European route E25|E25]], [[European route E62|E62]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=27
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada d'Alemagna))
|length_km=82.5
|terminus_a=[[Venice]]
|terminus_b=[[Belluno]]
|established=1972
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=28
|length_km=48.8
|terminus_a=[[Portogruaro]]
|terminus_b=[[Conegliano]]
|established=1974
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=29
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Sale))
|length_km=114.8
|terminus_a=[[Palermo]]
|terminus_b=[[Mazara del Vallo]]
|established=1972
|notes=[[European route E90|E90]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=30
|length_km=55.3
|terminus_a=[[Caserta]]
|terminus_b=[[Salerno]]
|established=1975
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=31
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada della Val d'Astico))
|length_km=88.7
|terminus_a=[[Badia Polesine]]
|terminus_b=[[Piovene Rocchette]]
|established=1976
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=32
|local=((lang|it|Autostrada del Frejus))
|length_km=73.0
|terminus_a=[[Turin]]
|terminus_b=[[Fréjus Road Tunnel]]
|established=1983
|notes=[[European route E70|E70]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=33
|length_km=23.0
|terminus_a=[[Cuneo]]
|terminus_b=[[Carrù]]
|established=2005
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=34
|length_km=17.5
|terminus_a=[[Villesse]]
|terminus_b=[[Gorizia]]
|established=2013
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=35
|local=((lang|it|BreBeMi))
|length_km=54.8
|terminus_a=[[Castegnato]]
|terminus_b=[[Melzo]]
|established=2014
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=36
|local=((lang|it|Pedemontana Lombarda))
|length_km=23.0
|terminus_a=[[Cassano Magnago]]
|terminus_b=[[Lentate sul Seveso]]
|established=2015
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=50
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale Ovest di Milano))
|length_km=31.3
|beltway=Ring road around [[Milan]]
|established=1968
|notes=[[European route E35|E35]], [[European route E62|E62]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=51
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale Est di Milano))
|length_km=30.7
|beltway=Ring road around [[Milan]]
|established=1971
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=52
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale Nord di Milano))
|length_km=21.6
|beltway=Ring road around [[Milan]]
|established=1994
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=53
|length_km=9.2
|terminus_a=[[Bereguardo]]
|terminus_b=[[Pavia]]
|established=1960
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=54
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale Ovest di Pavia))
|length_km=8.4
|beltway=Ring road around [[Pavia]]
|established=1994
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=55
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Torino))
|length_km=57.5
|beltway=Ring road around [[Turin]]
|established=1976
|notes=[[European route E70|E70]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=56
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Napoli))
|length_km=20.2
|beltway=Ring road around [[Naples]]
|established=1972
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=57
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Mestre))
|length_km=26.7
|beltway=Ring road around [[Mestre]]
|established=1972
|notes=[[European route E55|E55]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=58
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale Est Esterna di Milano))
|length_km=31.8
|beltway=Ring road around [[Milan]]
|established=2014
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=59
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Como))
|length_km=2.9
|beltway=Ring road around [[Como]]
|established=2015
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=60
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Varese))
|length_km=4.5
|beltway=Ring road around [[Varese]]
|established=2015
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=90
|local=((lang|it|Grande Raccordo Anulare di Roma))
|length_km=68.2
|beltway=Ring road around [[Rome]]
|established=1951
|notes=[[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=A
|route=91
|length_km=18.4
|terminus_a=[[Rome]]
|terminus_b=[[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Fiumicino Airport]]
|established=1959
|notes=[[European route E80|E80]]
))
((Routelist bottom|keys=former))

==Interactive map==
<div style="float: ((#ifeq:(({allineamento|))}|left|left|center)); position: relative; width:700px">[[File:Italia - mappa rete autostradale.svg|700px]]
<!--Rami principali-->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 45%; top: 40%">[[File:Autostrada_A1_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A1 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 78%; top: 70%">[[File:Autostrada_A2_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A2 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 62%; top: 60%">[[File:Autostrada_A3_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A3 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 31%; top: 13%">[[File:Autostrada_A4_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A4 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 7%; top: 10%">[[File:Autostrada_A5_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A5 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 10%; top: 23%">[[File:Autostrada_A6_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A6 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 18%; top: 20%">[[File:Autostrada_A7_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A7 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 76%; top: 10.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A8_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A8 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 81%; top: 1.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A9_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A9 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 10%; top:28%">[[File:Autostrada_A10_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A10 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 32.5%; top: 28%">[[File:Autostrada_A11_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A11 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 21%; top: 24.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A12_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A12 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 41%; top: 46%">[[File:Autostrada_A12_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A12 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 41.5%; top: 17%">[[File:Autostrada_A13_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A13 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 55%; top: 30%">[[File:Autostrada_A14_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A14 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 26%; top: 22%">[[File:Autostrada_A15_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A15 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 72%; top: 55%">[[File:Autostrada_A16_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A16 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 70.5%; top: 86%">[[File:Autostrada_A18_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A18 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 66.5%; top: 95%">[[File:Autostrada_A18_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A18 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 63%; top: 88.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A19_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A19 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 63%; top: 83.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A20_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A20 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 10%; top: 18.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A21_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A21 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 36%; top: 4.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A22_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A22 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 53%; top: 6%">[[File:Autostrada_A23_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A23 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 53.5%; top: 42%">[[File:Autostrada_A24_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A24 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 58.5%; top: 46%">[[File:Autostrada_A25_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A25 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 14.5%; top: 15.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A26_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A26 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44.5%; top: 3.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A27_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A27 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 48%; top: 7.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A28_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A28 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 88.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A29_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A29 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 66%; top: 56.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A30_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A30 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 38.5%; top: 9.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A31_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A31 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 1%; top: 16.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A32_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A32 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 4%; top: 23%">[[File:Autostrada_A33_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A33 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 58%; top: 8%">[[File:Autostrada_A34_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A34 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 25%; top: 14%">[[File:Autostrada_A35_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A35 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 76%; top: 6%">[[File:Autostrada_A36_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A36 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 70%; top: 91.5%">[[File:Italian traffic signs - Autostrada CT-SR.svg|25px|link=Autostrada Catania-Siracusa]]</div>
<!--Autostrade tangenziali e a carattere suburbano-->
<div style="position: absolute; left: 79%; top: 15.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A50_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A50 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 86.5%; top: 14%">[[File:Autostrada_A51_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A51 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 84%; top: 9%">[[File:Autostrada_A52_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A52 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 80%; top: 20%">[[File:Autostrada_A53_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A53 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 84%; top: 24%">[[File:Autostrada_A54_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A54 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 6%; top: 15%">[[File:Autostrada_A55_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A55 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 60%; top: 56%">[[File:Autostrada_A56_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A56 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 46.5%; top: 14%">[[File:Autostrada_A57_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A57 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 91.5%; top: 16%">[[File:Autostrada_A58_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A58 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 81%; top: 5.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A59_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A59 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 76%; top: 1.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A60_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A60 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 44.5%; top: 50%">[[File:Autostrada_A91_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A91 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 49.5%; top: 48.5%">[[File:Autostrada_A90_Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada A90 (Italy)]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 58%; top: 13%">[[File:Autostrada A Italia.svg|19px|link=Autostrada Sistiana-Rabuiese]]</div>
</div>

==List of ''bretelle'' and ''raccordi autostradali''==
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Galleria Gardelletta sulla variante di valico.jpg
| width1            = 220
| alt1              =
| caption1          = [[Variante di Valico]] (A1 var)
| image2            = 798px-Sizilien Autobahn A29DIR-autofixed.jpg
| width2            = 170
| alt2              =
| caption2          = [[Autostrada A29 (Italy)#A29 dir Diramazione Alcamo-Trapani|Diramazione Alcamo-Trapani]] (A29 dir)
| footer            =
))

Some motoways are called ''bretelle'', ''diramazioni'' or ''raccordi'' because they are short and have few exits.

''Bretelle'', ''diramazioni'' or ''raccordi'' are generally connections between two motorways or connections between motorways and important cities without a motorway.

They have the same number (sometimes with the suffix ''dir'') as one of the two motorways linked, a combination of the numbers of the two motorways linked, or the number of the main motorway.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Number!!Name ||length!!Connection
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A1 Italia.svg|24px|A1]] ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)#Raccordo A1-Piazzale Corvetto|Raccordo Milano-Piazzale Corvetto]] || 2&nbsp;km ||[[A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Milan|Milano Piazzale Corvetto]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A1 Italia.svg|24px|A1]] ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)#A1 Diramazione Capodichino|Diramazione Capodichino]] || 3&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Aeroporto di Napoli-Capodichino|Aeroporto di Capodichino]] - [[Autostrada A56 (Italy)|A56]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A1dir Italia.svg|24px|A1dir]] ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)#A1 Diramazione Nord|Diramazione Roma nord]] || 23&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Grande raccordo anulare|GRA]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A1dir Italia.svg|24px|A1dir]] ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)#A1 Diramazione Sud|Diramazione Roma sud]] || 20&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Grande raccordo anulare|GRA]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A1var Italia.svg|24px|A1var]] ||[[Variante di Valico]] || 32,966&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A2 Italia.svg|24px|A2]] ||[[Autostrada A2 (Italy)#Spur routes|A2 dir. Napoli]] || 2&nbsp;km ||[[A2 (Italy)|A2]] - [[A3 (Italy)|A3]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A2 Italia.svg|24px|A2]] ||[[Autostrada A2 (Italy)#Spur routes|A2 dir. Reggio Calabria]] || 9&nbsp;km ||[[A2 (Italy)|A2]] - [[Reggio Calabria]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A4 Italia.svg|24px|A4]] ||[[Autostrada A4 (Italy)#Raccordo Chivasso Est|Raccordo Chivasso]] || 6&nbsp;km ||[[A4 motorway (Italy)|A4]] - [[Verolengo]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A4-5 Italia.svg|24px|A4/A5]] ||[[Autostrada A5 (Italy)#A4.2FA5 Diramazione Ivrea-Santhià|Raccordo Ivrea-Santhià]] || 23,6&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|A4]] - [[Autostrada A5 (Italy)|A5]]
|-
| ||[[Autostrada A5 (Italy)#Raccordo A5 - SS27|Raccordo Aosta-Gran San Bernardo]] || 7,9&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A5 (Italy)|A5]] - [[Strada statale 27 del Gran San Bernardo|SS27]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A6 Italia.svg|24px|A6]]||[[Autostrada A6 (Italy)#Raccordo per Fossano|Diramazione per Fossano]] || 6,6&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A6 (Italy)|A6]] - [[Fossano]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A8-A26 Italia.svg|24px|A8/A26]] ||[[Autostrada A8 (Italy)#A8/A26 Diramazione Gallarate-Gattico|Diramazione Gallarate-Gattico]] || 23,2&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada dei Laghi|A8]] - [[Autostrada A26 (Italy)|A26]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A11 Italia.svg|24px|A11/A12]] ||[[Autostrada A11 (Italy)#Bretella A11/A12|Diramazione Lucca-Viareggio]] || 20&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A11 (Italy)|A11]] - [[Autostrada A12 (Italy)|A12]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A12 Italia.svg|24px|A12]] ||[[Autostrada A12 (Italy)#A12 Diramazione Livorno|Diramazione per Livorno]] || 4,5&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A12 (Italy)|A12]] - [[Livorno]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A13 Italia.svg|24px|A13]] ||[[Autostrada A13 (Italy)#A13 Diramazione Padova sud|Diramazione per Padova sud]] || 4,3&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A13 (Italy)|A13]] - [[Padova]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A13 Italia.svg|24px|A13]] ||[[Autostrada A13 (Italy)#A13 Diramazione per Ferrara|Diramazione per Ferrara]] || 6,3&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A13 (Italy)|A13]] - [[Ferrara]] - [[Raccordo autostradale RA8|RA8]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A14 Italia.svg|24px|A14]] ||[[Autostrada A14 (Italy)#Raccordo A14-Tangenziale di Bari|Raccordo per Tangenziale di Bari]] || 4,6&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14]] - [[Tangenziale di Bari]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A14dir Italia.svg|24px|A14dir]] ||[[Autostrada A14 (Italy)#A14 diramazione Ravenna|Diramazione per Ravenna]] || 29,8&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14]] - [[Ravenna]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A15 Italia.svg|24px|A15]] ||[[Autostrada A15 (Italy)#Diramazione Santo Stefano Magra|Diramazione La Spezia-Santo Stefano di Magra]] || 1,2&nbsp;km ||[[Santo Stefano di Magra]] - [[Autostrada A15 (Italy)|A15]] - [[La Spezia]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A18dir Italia.svg|24px|A18dir]]||[[Autostrada A18 (Italy)#A18dir Diramazione Catania|Diramazione per Catania]] || 3,7&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A18 (Italy)|A18]] - [[Catania]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A19dir Italia.svg|24px|A19dir]]||[[Autostrada A19 (Italy)#Raccordo A19-Palermo|Raccordo A19-Palermo]] || 5,2&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A19 (Italy)|A19]] - [[Circonvallazione di Palermo]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A21dir Italia.svg|24px|A21dir]] ||[[Autostrada A21 (Italy)#A21dir Diramazione Fiorenzuola d'Arda|Diramazione per Fiorenzuola]] || 12,3&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Autostrada A21 (Italy)|A21]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A26-A4 Italia.svg|24px|A4/A26]] ||[[Autostrada A26 (Italy)#A26/A4 Diramazione Stroppiana-Santhià|Diramazione Stroppiana-Santhià]] || 29,7&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|A4]] - [[Autostrada A26 (Italy)|A26]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A26-A7 Italia.svg|24px|A26/A7]] ||[[Autostrada A26 (Italy)#A26/A7 Diramazione Predosa-Bettole|Diramazione Predosa-Bettole]] || 17&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A7 (Italy)|A7]] - [[Autostrada A26 (Italy)|A26]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A29dir Italia.svg|24px|A29dir]] ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)#A29 dir Diramazione Alcamo-Trapani|Diramazione Alcamo-Trapani]] || 36,9&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)|A29]] - [[Trapani]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A29dirA Italia.svg|24px|A29dirA]] ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)#A29 dirA Diramazione per Birgi|Diramazione per Birgi]] || 13,1&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)|A29dir]] - [[Aeroporto di Trapani-Birgi]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A29racc Italia.svg|24px|A29racc]] ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)#A29 Bretella Aeroporto "Falcone e Borsellino"|Bretella aeroporto Falcone e Borsellino]] || 4&nbsp;km || [[Autostrada A29 (Italy)|A29]] - [[Falcone–Borsellino Airport|Aeroporto di Palermo]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A29racc bis Italia.svg|24px|A29racc bis]] ||[[Autostrada A29 (Italy)#Raccordo A29-Palermo|Raccordo per via Belgio]] || 5,6&nbsp;km || [[Autostrada A29 (Italy)|A29]] - [[Circonvallazione di Palermo]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A55 Italia.svg|24px|A55]] ||[[Autostrada A55 (Italy)#Diramazione per Pinerolo|Diramazione per Pinerolo]]  || 23,44&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A55 (Italy)|A55]] - [[Pinerolo]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A55 Italia.svg|24px|A55]] ||[[Autostrada A55 (Italy)#Diramazione per Moncalieri|Diramazione per Moncalieri]]  || 6,18&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A6 (Italy)|A6]] - [[Moncalieri]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A55 Italia.svg|24px|A55]] ||[[Autostrada A55 (Italy)#Raccordo Falchera-SR11|Raccordo della Falchera]] || 3,13&nbsp;km ||[[Autostrada A55 (Italy)|A55]] - [[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|A4]] - [[Strada Statale 11 Padana Superiore|SR 11]]
|-
|[[File:Autostrada A57 Italia.svg|24px|A57]] ||[[Autostrada A57 (Italy)#Diramazione aeroporto|Bretella/raccordo aeroporto]] || 6,73&nbsp;km || A57 - [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Aeroporto di Venezia]]
|}

==Trafori (T)==
((multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Mont Blanc Tunnel.jpg
| width1            = 170
| alt1              =
| caption1          = [[Mont-Blanc Tunnel]] (T1)
| image2            = Frejus Road Tunnel Bardonecchia portal 2.jpg
| width2            = 220
| alt2              =
| caption2          =  Entrance to the [[Frejus Road Tunnel]] (T4) from the Italian side
| footer            =
))

Important [[Alps|Alpine]] [[tunnel]]s (((lang-it|trafori)); ((singular)) ((lang|it|traforo))) are identified by the capital letter "T" followed by a single digit number. 

Currently there are only three T-classified tunnels: [[Mont Blanc Tunnel]] (T1), [[Great St Bernard Tunnel]] (T2) and [[Frejus Road Tunnel]] (T4). Tunnels that cross the border between Italy and [[France]] (T1, T4) or [[Switzerland]] (T2), are treated as motorways (green signage, access control, and so on), although they are not proper motorways. 

The code T3 was once assigned to the [[Bargagli-Ferriere Tunnel]] in [[Ligurian Apennines]], opened in 1971. The T3 tunnel connected [[Bargagli]] with [[Ferriere]], in the [[province of Genoa]], for a length of ((convert|4.250|km)).<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/do/gazzetta/downloadPdf?dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=19840806&numeroGazzetta=215&tipoSerie=FO&tipoSupplemento=SO&numeroSupplemento=42&progressivo=0&estensione=pdf&edizione=0|title=Decreto ministeriale 20 luglio 1983|language=it|access-date=1 March 2024))</ref> It was initially classified as a motorway, but following the decree of 22 July 1989, responsibilities were transferred to [[Anas (company)|Anas]], which included the route in the itinerary of the [[state road]] 225 of Val Fontanabuona. However, the road maintains all the motorway rules regarding access.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Number!!Name!!Route!!Length!!Opened!!Speed limit
|-
|((symbol|Traforo T1 Italia.svg|24))
| ''[[Mont Blanc Tunnel|Traforo del Monte Bianco]]''
|[[Courmayeur]] ([[Italy]]) - [[Chamonix-Mont-Blanc]] ([[France]])
|((convert|11.6|km))
|1965
|50–70 km/h (31–43 mph)
|-
|((symbol|Traforo T2 Italia.svg|24))
|''[[Great St Bernard Tunnel|Traforo del Gran San Bernardo]]''
|[[Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses]] (Italy) - [[Bourg-Saint-Pierre]] ([[Switzerland]])
|((convert|5.798|km))
|1964
|80 km/h (50 mph)
|-
|((symbol|Traforo T4 Italia.svg|24))
|''[[Fréjus Road Tunnel|Traforo del Frejus]]''
|[[Bardonecchia]] (Italy) - [[Modane]] (France)
|((convert|12.895|km))
|1980
|70 km/h (43 mph)
|}

==Raccordi autostradali (RA)==
[[File:RA3 - Località Sant'Antonio.jpg|thumb|[[Raccordo autostradale RA3]]]]

The acronym RA stands for ''Raccordo autostradale'' (translated as "motorway connection"), a relatively short [[spur route]] that connects a motorway to a nearby city or tourist resort not directly served by the motorway. These spurs are owned and managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. Some spurs are toll-free motorways (type-A), but most are type-B or type-C roads. All RA have separate carriageways with two lanes in each direction. Generally, they do not have an emergency lane.

In 1984, by ministerial decree of 20 July 1983, some motorway junctions, already open, forming part of the Italian trunk roads, were defined and classified as such.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/do/gazzetta/downloadPdf?dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=19840806&numeroGazzetta=215&tipoSerie=FO&tipoSupplemento=SO&numeroSupplemento=42&progressivo=0&estensione=pdf&edizione=0|title=Classificazione del sistema viario di grande comunicazione|access-date=28 February 2024|language=it))</ref> The legislative decree of 29 October 1999, n. 461, reorganized the road sections classified as motorway junctions, identifying 17 of them. In the following years, the RA7 was classified, in parallel with the name already assumed, in [[Autostrada A53 (Italy)|Autostrada A53]], maintaining both names in official documents. The RA17, however, in 2013, following modernization works, was completely reclassified as a motorway, changing its name to [[Autostrada A34 (Italy)|Autostrada A34]]. By 2023, 16 Italian road sections were classified with the RA acronym.
((Routelist top|name|unit=km))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=1
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Bologna))
|length_km= 22.2
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=1967
|notes=[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Autostrada A13 (Italy)|A13]] - [[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=2
|local=
|length_km= 22.406
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A3 (Italy)|A3]] - [[Avellino]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=3
|local=
|length_km= 56.360
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=1964
|notes=[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Siena]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=4
|local=
|length_km= 5.512
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A3 (Italy)|A3]] - [[Reggio Calabria]] - [[strada statale 106 Jonica|SS106]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=5
|local=
|length_km= 51.500
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A3 (Italy)|A3]] - [[Potenza]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=6
|local=
|length_km= 58.470
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|A1]] - [[Perugia]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=7
|local=
|length_km=9.1
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=1960
|notes=[[Autostrada A7 (Italy)|A7]] - [[Autostrada A54 (Italy)|Tangenziale di Pavia]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=8
|local=
|length_km=49
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A13 (Italy)|A13]] - [[Ferrara]] - [[Comacchio|Porto Garibaldi]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=9
|local=
|length_km= 12.745
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A16 (Italy)|A16]] - [[Benevento]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=10
|local=
|length_km= 10.650
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Torino]] - [[Autostrada A55 (Italy)|A55]] - [[Turin Airport]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=11
|local=
|length_km= 26.300
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=1990
|notes=[[Province of Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli]] - [[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14]] - [[Porto d'Ascoli]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=12
|local=
|length_km= 14.800
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A25 (Italy)|A25]] - [[Chieti]] - [[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14]] - [[Pescara]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=13
|local=
|length_km=21
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|A4]] - [[Strada statale 202 Triestina|SS202]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=14
|local=
|length_km=1.5
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=1997
|notes=[[Raccordo autostradale RA13|RA13]] - [[Monrupino|Fernetti]] (state border with [[Slovenia]])
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=15
|local=((lang|it|Tangenziale di Catania))
|length_km=24
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established= 1985-05-28
|notes=[[Autostrada A18 (Italy)|A18]] - [[Autostrada A19 (Italy)|A19]] - [[Autostrada Catania-Siracusa|Aut. CT-SR]]
))
((Routelist row|local
|country=ITA
|type=RA
|route=16
|local=
|length_km= 3.754
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|established=
|notes=[[Autostrada A28 (Italy)|A28]] - SS13 ''Pontebbana''
))
((routelist bottom))

==''Strade extraurbane principali''==
[[File:Italian traffic signs - inizio strada extraurbana principale (figura II 345).svg|thumb|left|80px|''Strada extraurbana principale'' sign]]

Type B [[highway]] (((lang-it|strada extraurbana principale))), commonly but unofficially known as ''superstrada'' (Italian equivalent for [[Limited-access road|expressway]]), is a divided highway with at least two lanes in each direction, paved shoulder on the right, no cross-traffic and no at-grade intersections. Access restrictions on such highways are exactly the same as motorways. 

The signage at the beginning and the end of the highways is the same, except the background colour is blue instead of green. The general speed limit on ''strade extraurbane principali'' is ((cvt|110|km/h|mph|round=5)), unless otherwise indicated, for buses with a fully loaded mass between ((convert|3.5|and|8|t)) and for trucks with a fully loaded mass between ((convert|3.5|and|12|t)) it is ((cvt|80|km/h|mph|round=5)), for trucks with a full load mass exceeding ((convert|12|t)) and for vehicles towing trailers it is ((cvt|70|km/h|mph|round=5)).<ref name=":285">((cite web|url=http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=normativa&o=vd&id=1|title=Decreto Legislativo N. 285 del 30 aprile 1992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827071213/http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=normativa&o=vd&id=1 |archive-date=27 August 2019|language=it|access-date=5 March 2024))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=normativa&o=vd&id=1&id_dett=145|title=Art. 142 del codice dalla strada, "Limiti di velocità"|language=it|access-date=5 March 2024))</ref>
[[File:Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG|thumb|The stretch from [[Grosseto]] to [[Livorno]] of the [[Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia]] is classified as ''strada extraurbana principale'']]

Legislative decree 30 April 1992, n. 285, article 2, regarding the "New Italian traffic code", defines ''strade extraurbane principali'' in this way:<ref name=":285"/>

((quote|Road with independent carriageways or separated by an impassable traffic island, each with at least two lanes and paved shoulder on the right, without at-grade intersections, with coordinated access to lateral properties, characterized by the appropriate start and end signs, reserved for the circulation of certain categories of motor vehicles; suitable spaces must be provided for any other categories of users. It must be equipped with special service areas, which include parking spaces, with accesses equipped with deceleration and acceleration lanes.|author=Legislative decree 30 April 1992, n. 285, article 2, regarding the "New Italian traffic code"))

''Strade extraurbane principali'' are not tolled. All ''strade extraurbane principali'' are owned and managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]], and directly controlled by the [[Italian government]] or by the [[Regions of Italy|region]]s. The main ''strade extraurbane principali'' do not follow a specific nomenclature. In fact, they can be classified from an administrative point of view as state roads, regional roads or provincial roads.

==Regional toll roads==
[[File:Autostrada SPV.jpg|thumb|[[Pedemontana Veneta]]]]

In Italy, there is a toll road under a concession from the [[Veneto]] region classified with the acronym SPV, with characteristics partly corresponding to a motorway and partly to a ''strada extraurbana principale'', which is defined as a ''superstrada'', i.e. the [[Pedemontana Veneta]].

It is a road that connects [[Montecchio Maggiore]] to [[Spresiano]] passing through the industrial districts of [[Malo, Veneto|Malo]], [[Thiene]] and [[Schio]], through [[Bassano del Grappa]], through [[Montebelluna]] and north of [[Treviso]], interconnecting with 3 motorways (from the west: the [[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|Autostrada A4]], the [[Autostrada A31 (Italy)|Autostrada A31]] and the [[Autostrada A31 (Italy)|Autostrada A27]]).

Together with the ((ill|Florence-Pisa-Livorno highway|it|Strada di grande comunicazione Firenze-Pisa-Livorno)) and the [[Autostrada Catania-Siracusa]], it is one of the three roads that has definitively received a classification made up only of letters and not alphanumeric.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/file/open/10558|title=Provvedimento del 9 ottobre 2009|access-date=8 March 2024|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215234/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/file/open/10558|archive-date=6 June 2014|url-status=dead))</ref>

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
|-
!Symbol!!Name!!Route
!Manager
!Lenght
|-
|((symbol|Autostrada_ASPV_Italia.svg|24))|| [[Pedemontana Veneta]] || [[Montecchio Maggiore]] - [[Spresiano]]/[[Villorba]]
|[[Veneto]] region
|((convert|94.747|km))
|}

==Expansion and strengthening of the network==
[[File:Primo tratto di autostrada a 5 corsie in Italia A8.jpg|thumb|The construction of the fifth lane in each direction along the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] by the end of 2023]]

In July 2020, the [[Italian government]] defined a broad investment plan for infrastructure in Italy, including substantial interventions on the motorway network.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/economia/aziende/20_giugno_12/italia-veloce-piano-de-micheli-200-miliardi-709b10b8-acba-11ea-b5f6-e69744c83472.shtml|title=Italia Veloce|date=6 December 2020 |access-date=5 March 2024|language=it))</ref>

Works such as the TiBre are currently under construction, which consists of the natural continuation of the [[Autostrada A15 (Italy)|Autostrada A15]] from [[Parma]] to the [[Autostrada A22 (Italy)|Autostrada A22]] near [[Nogarole Rocca]],<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/tuttogreen/2018/04/13/news/tibre-nove-chilometri-verso-il-nulla-1.34004830|title=TiBre, nove chilometri verso il nulla|language=it|access-date=13 August 2020))</ref> the [[Pedemontana Veneta]] (SPV), which will provide an important alternative to the [[Autostrada A4 (Italy)|Autostrada A4]] between the Autostrada A4 toll booth of [[Montecchio Maggiore]] and the [[Autostrada A27 (Italy)|Autostrada A27]] near [[Spresiano]], the completion of the [[Autostrada A36 (Italy)|Autostrada A36]], [[Autostrada A59 (Italy)|Autostrada A59]] and [[Autostrada A60 (Italy)|Autostrada A60]].

However, the section of the [[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]] between the Firenze Sud toll booth and the [[Valdarno]] toll booth, the Autostrada A4 in the section between [[Venice]] and the junction with the [[Autostrada A34 (Italy)|Autostrada A34]] at [[Villesse]] and in the urban section of [[Milan]], and the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] between the [[Milan]] North toll booth and the junction with the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]] near [[Lainate]]. On the first, the intervention involves the widening to 3 lanes. In the section between [[Venice]] and [[Villesse]] of the Autostrada A4, the third lane is under construction, while in the Milan section work is underway to create the fourth lane. On the Autostrada A8, the intervention consists of widening the carriageways in both directions from 4 to 5 lanes plus an emergency lane.

However, interventions such as the fourth lane on the Autostrada A1 between Milan and [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]] are currently being approved; the fourth lane on the [[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|Autostrada A14]] between the branch for [[Ravenna]] and the future Ponte Rizzoli toll booth with the creation of the Northern Complanar between the latter and the [[Tangenziale di Bologna]]; the Tangenziale di Bologna which involves the widening of the Autostrada A14 in the urban section from two lanes plus dynamic lane to 3 lanes plus emergency lane and the widening of the adjacent Tangenziale di Bologna to 3 lanes plus emergency lane (4 in the most critical sections);<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.passantedibologna.it/|title=Passante di Bologna » Potenziamento Sistema Autostradale e Tangenziale|access-date=13 August 2020|language=it))</ref> the third lane on the [[Autostrada A22 (Italy)|Autostrada A22]] between [[Verona]] and [[Modena]] and the third lane between [[Bolzano]] Sud and Verona;<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.autobrennero.it/it/sicurezza-e-viabilita/viabilita-a22/|title=Viabilità A22: terza corsia e corsia dinamica|access-date=13 August 2020|language=it))</ref> the ((ill|Gronda di Genova|it)); the third dynamic lane on the [[Autostrada A12 (Italy)|Autostrada A12]] between ((ill|Torrimpietra|it)) and [[Cerveteri]] and the third lane on the [[Autostrada A11 (Italy)|Autostrada A11]] between [[Florence]] and [[Pistoia]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.automoto.it/news/decreto-semplificazioni-le-grandi-opere-del-piano-italia-veloce.html|title=Decreto Semplificazioni: le grandi opere del piano "Italia Veloce"|language=it|access-date=13 August 2020))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Evolution of motorway construction in European nations]]
*[[List of controlled-access highway systems]]
*[[Rai isoradio]]
*[[State highway (Italy)]]
*[[Transport in Italy]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050312011423/http://www.autostrade.it/en/index.html ''Autostrade per l'Italia'' Official website]

((Autostrade))
((Motorways in Europe))
((Italy topics))

[[Category:Autostrade in Italy| ]]
[[Category:Lists of roads in Italy]]
[[Category:Road transport in Italy]]

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Return to Autostrade of Italy.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy"