Died:Leonard C. Bailey, American entrepreneur and inventor, founder of one of the first African-American banks (b. 1825); Francis Oats, English industrialist, chairman of De Beers from 1908 to 1918 (b. 1848)
Battle of San Matteo – Austro-Hungarian forces bombarded the San Matteo peak of the Ortler mountain in the Alps in an attempt to take it back from Italian forces. The attack failed with 17 men lost on the Austro-Hungarian side and 10 on the Italian side. The attack was the last offensive carried out by Austria-Hungary in World War I. At an altitude of 2,800 metres, it was the highest battle ever fought until a battle during Kargil War in 1999 was fought at 5,600 metres.[13]
The Pike County Agricultural High School was established in Summit, Mississippi on the property of an earlier agricultural school opened in 1908. It began incorporating college level courses in 1929 and became a junior college in 1932. In 1988, it was granted full college status to become the Southwest Mississippi Community College.[20]
North Russia intervention – A second attempt by the British to invade Russian-held territory in East Karelia (located between Russia and Finland) ended in failure, resulting in a mutiny the following day. In all, 93 British soldiers were court-martialled.[24]
U.S. NavytroopshipUSS Mount Vernon was hit by a torpedo by German submarine U-82, killing 36 on-board and injuring another 13 in the attack. Accompanying American destroyers forced the submarine away, allowing emergency repairs to get underway that saved Mount Veron and allowed her to return to port under her own power.[25]
A state conference was held in Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, with 170 delegates attending to discuss strategies for overthrowing the Soviet government and establish an alternative Russian republic.[37]
Kazan Operation – Soviet naval forces secured a bridgehead outside of Kazan, Russia while the Red Army attacked on two other fronts around the city.[23]
German submarine SM U-92 struck a mine in the North Sea and sunk with the all 39 crew on board.[39]
Battle of Saint-Mihiel – American and French troops under command of John J. Pershing launched an attack on the German-held commune of Saint-Mihiel, France. Close to 1,500 American and French aircraft were mobilized to support the ground forces, the largest force of aircraft ever assembled for a single operation.[47]
Battle of Saint-Mihiel – Nearly all of Saint-Mihiel, France, was captured by American and French forces on the second day of fighting, but further advances here called off due to long, thinning supply lines.[55]
September Days – A combined Ottoman and Azerbaijani force captured the port of Baku on the Caspian Sea and overthrew the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.[66] The resulting panic of Armenians attempting to escape the port city led to Ottoman and Azeri troops massacring an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 civilians.[67][68]
Battle of Dobro Pole – The Bulgarian Army lost nearly half of its 12,000 troops during the second day of the battle, including 2,689 dead, 3,000 taken prisoner, and 50 out of the 158 artillery pieces knocked out of action. Allied casualties were 1,900.[69]
Battle of Saint-Mihiel – The battle ended in a major victory for the Allies, with German forces suffering 22,000 casualties including 2,000 killed, 5,500 wounded, and 15,000 taken prisoner.[70] American and French forces totaled 7,000 casualties out of force of 110,000 men including 4,500 killed and 2,500 wounded.[71]
German flying aceGeorg von Hantelmann shot down and killed French ace Maurice Boyau while he was attacking German observation balloons. Boyau had 35 kills at the time of his death, making him the fifth-highest-scoring French ace of World War I.[81]
The town of Kamuthi was looted by 1,000 rioters of neighboring Mukkulathor villages in Tamil Nadu, India in a reprisal against the Nadar people that made up the town. Local police fired on the mob and killed 50 to bring the riot under control, with two policemen also killed. Damages were estimated at 50,000 rupees and penalty tax was established to pay off property losses.[88]
American naval pilot Roland Rholfs set a world altitude record of 34,910 feet (10,640 m) while flying a Curtiss airplane.[93]
Finnish-American dock worker Olli Kinkkonen was lynched by a mob calling itself the "Knights of Loyalty" in Duluth, Minnesota after he publicly renounced his U.S. citizenship in response to the United States participation in World War I. He was taken from his boarding house to Congdon Park where he was tarred and feathered. Two weeks later, he was found hanged from a tree in another city park. Duluth police ruled it a suicide.[94][95]
Battle of Doiran – The Bulgarian First Army repulsed the British and Greek attack on Doiran Lake, inflicting 6,559 British casualties and 7,819 Greek casualties, while only suffering 2,726 casualties.[97]
The Canadian Air Force was established under the command of Lieutenant ColonelBilly Bishop, the leading war ace of the British Empire. However, the war ended within two months before the force could see action and lack of funding the following year forced the unit to disband. Canada's air force arm was revived in 1924 with the establishment of the Royal Canadian Air Force.[98]
Battle of Megiddo – RAF airplanes bombed and strafed an Ottoman column, leaving 6 miles of destroy vehicles and wagons and many Ottoman soldiers killed.[109]
The Brazilian Medical Mission landed at Marseilles, France. In the following weeks, it provided critical support for the local medical community when the Spanish flu pandemic hit France, ensuring the continuity of logistical support to the troops at the Western Front.[121]
The Ottoman Armyexecuted 250 civilians in Tafas, Syria in an attempt to demoralize the pursuing British force led by T. E. Lawrence. After coming across the massacre, Lawrence ordered his column to pursue and attack the Turkish columns of 2,500 soldiers, capturing at least 250 prisoners.[132]
Died:Louise de Bettignies, French spy, headed an intelligence network in France code-named the "Alice Network" from 1914 to 1916 (b. 1880); Fritz Rumey, German air force officer, recipient of the Pour le Mérite (killed in action) (b. 1891)
American marine pilot Everett R. Brewer and observer Harry B. Wershiner become the first United States Marine Corps personnel to shoot down an enemy plane in aerial combat, using an Airco airplane, but both were badly wounded during the engagement.[138]
Vardar offensive – The Allies captured Uskub, Macedonia to end the offensive.[112] The Allies sustained 17,295 casualties during the campaign while Bulgaria had 77,000 troops captured, 3,207 killed and 998 wounded.[144]
Terauchi Masatake resigned as Prime Minister of Japan after failing to bring order in the country following weeks of riots over rice prices in rural Japan. Hara Takashi, who openly renounced his noble background in early adulthood, was appointed Prime Minister to appease the citizenry by becoming the first commoner to be appointed to the office.[148]
German ground-attack aircraft of Schlachtstaffel 3 intervened to support German troops in danger of being overrun by United States Army forces in the Argonne Forest, France. A German officer on the ground reported that the German air attack caused the American troops to break off their attack and scatter "in wild flight."[149]
American flying aceFrank Luke was killed in action. His 18 victories at the time of his death made him the second-highest-scoring American ace of World War I. The same day, Chapin Barr became the first U.S. Marine pilot to die in aerial combat.[138]
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