India has both private and public universities, many of which are supported by the Government of India and the state governments. Apart from these there are private universities supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.[1] In addition, 16 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.[2]
The types of universities controlled by the UGC include:
Another group of universities are the Agricultural Universities, which are under the control of the Agricultural Education Division of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), one of the professional councils.[11] The ICAR lists 47 such universities,[12] most of which are also recognized by the UGC as either central (the Central Agricultural University specifically) or state universities. Ten universities which are not recognized by the UGC are listed below with "ICAR" as the type of university.
In addition to the above universities, other institutions are granted the permission to autonomously award degrees, and while usually not called "university" by name, act as such. These groups are called "autonomous organizations" and are under the administrative control of the Department of Higher Education.[13] These include the following:
Of specific interest are Institutes of National Importance (INIs). INIs are institutions which are set by an act of parliament. They receive special recognition and funding. The Department of Higher Education's list includes 33 institutions.[22] Some other institutes were added to the list recently.[23][24] INIs are marked below with a hash (#).
Note that institutes which are affiliated with a listed institute are not listed separately. For example, the National Institute of Science Education and Research is affiliated with Homi Bhabha National Institute[25] and is not listed separately.
State | Central universities |
State universities |
Deemed universities |
Private universities |
Autonomous institutes |
Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andhra Pradesh | 3 | 30 | 7 | 0 | ICAR, IIT (A), NIT | 43 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Assam | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | IIT, NIT | 9 |
Bihar | 1 | 14 | 2 | 0 | ICAR, IIT (A), NIT | 20 |
Chandigarh | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Chhattisgarh | 1 | 10 | 0 | 3 | IIM, NIT | 16 |
Delhi | 4 | 5 | 11% | 0 | IIT, Unclear% | 22 |
Goa | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Gujarat | 1 | 18 | 2 | 9 | 2×ICAR, IIM, IIT (A), NIT | 35 |
Haryana | 1 | 10 | 5 | 5 | IIM, NIT | 23 |
Himachal Pradesh | 1 | 4 | 0 | 11 | IIT (A), NIT | 18 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 1‡ | 6 | 0 | 0 | ICAR, NIT | 9‡ |
Jharkhand | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | IIM, NIT | 13 |
Karnataka | 1 | 20 | 15 | 2 | 2×ICAR, IIM, NIT | 42 |
Kerala | 1 | 11 | 2 | 0 | IIM, IISER, NIT | 17 |
Madhya Pradesh | 2 | 15 | 3 | 3 | ICAR, IIM, IISER, IIT (A), NIT | 28 |
Maharashtra | 1 | 19 | 21 | 0 | IISER, IIT, NIT | 44 |
Manipur | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
Meghalaya | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | IIM | 9 |
Mizoram | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
Nagaland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
Orissa | 1 | 12 | 2 | 1 | IIT (A), NIT | 18 |
Puducherry | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Punjab | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 | IISER, IIT (A), NIT | 16 |
Rajasthan | 1 | 14 | 8 | 18 | ICAR, IIM, IIT (A), NIT | 45 |
Sikkim | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | |
Tamil Nadu | 2 | 24 | 29 | 0 | IIM, IIT, NIT, Other | 59 |
Tripura | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NIT | 3 |
Uttar Pradesh | 4 | 23 | 10 | 16 | ICAR, IIM, IIT, IIT (A), NIT | 58 |
Uttarakhand | 1 | 6 | 4 | 6 | IIM, IIT | 20 |
West Bengal | 1 | 20 | 1 | 0 | IIM, IISER, IIT, NIT | 26 |
Total | 41‡ | 281 | 129% | 94 | 66 | 611 |
IIT (A) – IIT according to the amendment act of 2010
‡ – Does not include Central University of Jammu which has not started operating.[5]
% The number of deemed universities does not include the National School of Drama which changed status on 7 October 2011, and its current status is unclear.[26]
In Andhra Pradesh there are three central universities, 30 state universities, seven deemed universities, an NIT, an amendment IIT and an additional agricultural university.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ Following the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Universities Act, 2008 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University was split into four universities, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture & Fine Arts University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada.[69] This is also reflected by the UGC list.[6] The date of establishment of all four institutes is therefore 2008, though Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University was established in 1972 by The Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Act, 1972[70] which is what the UGC lists as the establishment date for Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
In Arunachal Pradesh there is one central university and one deemed university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology | Itanagar | Deemed | 1986 (2005†) | Technology | [71] |
Rajiv Gandhi University | Itanagar | Central | 1984 | General | [72] |
† granted deemed university status
In Assam there are two central universities, four state universities, one private university, an NIT and an IIT.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assam Agricultural University | Jorhat | State | 1968 | Agriculture | [73] |
Assam Don Bosco University | Guwahati | Private | 2009 | General | [74] |
Assam University | Silchar | Central | 1994 | General | [75] |
Dibrugarh University | Dibrugarh | State | 1965 | General | [76] |
Gauhati University | Guwahati | State | 1948 | General | [77] |
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati | Guwahati | IIT# | 1994 | Technology | [78] |
Krishna Kanta Handique State Open University | Guwahati | State | 2007 | General, distance education | [79] |
National Institute of Technology, Silchar | Silchar | NIT# | 1967 | Technology | [80] |
Tezpur University | Tezpur | Central | 1994 | General | [81] |
# Institute of National Importance
In Bihar there are one central university, 14 state universities, two deemed universities, an NIT, an amendment IIT and an additional agricultural university.
# Institute of National Importance
In Chandigarh there is one state university and one deemed university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panjab University, Chandigarh | Chandigarh | State | 1947 (1956‡)[104] | General | [105] |
PEC University of Technology | Chandigarh | Deemed | 1921 (1954‡) (2003†) | Engineering | [106] |
‡ relocated to Chandigarh
† granted deemed university status
In Chhattisgarh there are one central university, ten state universities, three private universities an IIM and an NIT.
† – date established as central university
# Institute of National Importance
In Delhi there are four central university, five state universities, eleven deemed universities, an IIT and one institute with unclear status, the National School of Drama.
† granted deemed/central university status
‡ The National School of Drama was granted deemed university status in 2005. However, in 2011 the status was revoked on the institute's request.[26] Its current status is unclear.
# Institute of National Importance
In Goa there is one state university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goa University | Goa | State | 1985 | General | [145] |
In Gujarat there are one central university, 18 state universities, two deemed universities, nine private universities an IIM, an IIT (amendment), an NIT and two additional agricultural universities.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU) was split in 2004 under that Gujarat Agricultural University Act-2004 into four universities, namely Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Anand Agricultural University, Junagadh Agricultural University and Navsari Agricultural University.[181] The UGC lists the first as "Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar" with the date of establishment of GAU, 1972. The second is listed by its name, with 2004 as the establishment date. The last two are not listed by the UGC, but are listed by the ICAR.
In Haryana there are one central university, ten state universities, five deemed universities, five private universities, an IIM and an NIT.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Himachal Pradesh there are one central university, four state universities, 11 private universities, an Amendment IIT and an NIT.
# Institute of National Importance
In Jammu and Kashmir there are one central university, six state universities, an NIT and an additional agricultural university. As of June 2011[update], Central University of Jammu, which is listed by the UGC list,[4] has not started operating due to delays in the appointment of a Vice-Chancellor.[5]
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baba Ghulam Shah Badhshah University | Rajauri | State | 2005 | General | [223] |
Central University of Kashmir | Srinagar | Central | 2009 | General | [224] |
Islamic University of Science & Technology | Pulwama | State | 2005 | Science and technology | [225] |
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar | Srinagar | NIT# | 1960 | Technology | [226] |
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu‡ | Jammu | ICAR | 1999 | Agriculture | [227] |
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir‡ | Srinagar | State | 1982 | Agriculture | [228] |
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University | Katra | State | 2004 | Science and technology | [229] |
University of Jammu | Jammu | State | 1968 | General | [230] |
University of Kashmir | Srinagar | State | 1949 | General | [231] |
# Institute of National Importance
‡ The Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Act 1982 which established Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology was amended in 1999, creating Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) and Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J).[228] The UGC lists the original university, with establishment date of 1982, at the original Kashmir location, without listing SKUAST-J in any way. The SKUAST-K website also sees this as a split of SKUAST-J and a rename of the original university.[228] The ICAR lists the original university at the Jammu location, and lists SKUAST-K separately.
In Jharkhand there are one central university, seven state universities two deemed universities, one private university, an IIM and an NIT.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra | Ranchi | Deemed | 1955 (1986†) | Technology | [232] |
Birsa Agricultural University | Ranchi | State | 1980 | Agriculture | [233] |
Central University of Jharkhand | Ranchi | Central | 2009 | General | [234] |
Indian Institute of Management Ranchi | Ranchi | IIM | 2010 | Management | [235] |
Indian School of Mines University | Dhanbad | Deemed | 1926 (1967†) | Mining | [236] |
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Jharkhand | Ranchi | Private | 2008 | Management | [237] |
Kolhan University | Chaibasa | State | 2007‡ | General | [238] |
National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur | Jamshedpur | NIT# | 1960 | Technology | [239] |
National University of Study and Research in Law | Ranchi | State | 2010 | Law | [240] |
Nilamber-Pitamber University | Palamu | State | 2007‡ | General | [241] |
Ranchi University | Ranchi | State | 1960 | General | [242] |
Sido Kanhu University | Dumka | State | 1992 | General | [243] |
Vinoba Bhave University | Hazaribagh | State | 1993 | General | [244] |
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ In both of these cases, the UGC lists an establishment year of 2007 while the institutes themselves list 2009.[238][241]
In Karnataka there are one central university, twenty state universities fifteen deemed universities, two private universities, an IIM, an NIT and two additional agricultural universities.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ The UGC does not list a year of establishment. 2004 is the year of the Act.
In Kerala there are one central university, eleven state universities, two deemed universities, an IIM, an IISER and an NIT.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Madhya Pradesh there are two central universities, fifteen state universities, three deemed universities, three private university, an IIM, an IIT (Amendment), an IISER, an NIT and an additional agricultural university.
† granted university/deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (RVSKVV) was bifurcated from Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University by an act of the Madhya Pradesh government.[328] While it is not listed by the UGC as a separate university, it is listed by the ICAR.
In Maharashtra there are one central university, 19 state universities, 21 deemed universities, an IISER, an IIT and an NIT.
† granted university/deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Manipur there are two central universities.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Agricultural University | Imphal | Central | 1993 | Agriculture | [375] |
Manipur University | Imphal | Central | 1980 (2005†) | General | [376] |
† granted central university status
In Meghalaya there are one central university, seven private universities and an IIM.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMJ University | Shillong | Private | 2009 | General | [377] |
Indian Institute of Management Shillong | Shillong | IIM | 2007 | Management | [378] |
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University Meghalya | Tura | Private | 2009 | Management | [379] |
Mahatma Gandhi University | Nongpoh | Private | 2011 | Management | [380] |
Martin Luther Christian University | Shillong | Private | 2005 | General | [381] |
North Eastern Hill University | Shillong | Central | 1973 | General | [382] |
Techno Global University | Shillong | Private | 2008 | Technology | [383] |
University of Science and Technology Meghalaya | Ri-Bhoi | Private | 2008 | Technology | [384] |
University of Technology and Management | Shillong | Private | 2011 | Technology and management | [385] |
In Mizoram there is one central university and one private university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Mizoram | Aizawl | Private | 2006 | Management | [386] |
Mizoram University | Aizawl | Central | 2000 | General | [387] |
In Nagaland there are two private universities and one central university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nagaland University | Kohima | Central | 1994 | General | [388] |
The Global Open University Nagaland | Dimapur | Private | 2006 | Distance learning | [389] |
The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University Nagaland | Dimapur | Private | 2009 | Finance | [390] |
In Orissa there are one central university, 12 state universities, two deemed universities, one private university, an amendment IIT and an NIT.
† Granted university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Puducherry there is one central university and one deemed university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pondicherry University | Pondicherry | Central | 1985 | General | [409] |
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University | Pondicherry | Deemed | 2001 (2008†) | Medical | [410] |
† granted deemed university status
In Punjab there are one central university, seven state universities, two deemed universities, three private universities, an IISER, an amendment IIT and an NIT.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Rajasthan there are one central university, fourteen state universities, eight deemed universities, eighteen private universities, an IIM, an amendment IIT, an NIT and an additional agricultural university.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Sikkim there are four private universities and one central university.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Sikkim | Gangtok | Private | 2004 | Management | [474] |
Eastern Institute for Integrated Learning in Management | Jorethang | Private | 2006 | General | [475] |
Sikkim Manipal University | Gangtok | Private | 1995 | General | [476] |
Sikkim University | Gangtok | Central | 2007 | General | [477] |
Vinayaka Missions Sikkim University | Gangtok | Private | 2008 | General | [478] |
In Tamil Nadu there are two central universities, 24 state universities, 29 deemed universities, an IIM, an IIT, an NIT and one other autonomous institute.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In Tripura there are one central university, one private university and an NIT.
University | Location | Type | Established | Specialization | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Tripurah | Agartala | Private | 2004 | Management | [539] |
National Institute of Technology, Agartala | Agartala | NIT# | 2006 | Technology | [540] |
Tripura University | Agartala | Central | 1987 | General | [541] |
# Institute of National Importance
In Uttar Pradesh there are four central universities, 23 state universities, ten deemed universities, 16 private universities, an IIM, an IIT, an amendment IIT, an NIT and an additional agricultural university.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
‡ Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University is listed by the UGC as "King Georges Medical University, Lucknow", but renamed since. In addition, "U.P. King George’s University of Dental Science, Lucknow", which is also listed, is now the Faculty of Dental Sciences under the Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University.[553][598]
± Listed by the UGC as Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU). In 2010 Mahamaya Technical University was bifurcated from UPTU and UPTU was renamed.[576] The UGC also lists the original establishment of UTPU.
In Uttarakhand there are one central university, six state universities, four deemed universities, six private universities, an IIM and an IIT.
† granted deemed university status
# Institute of National Importance
In West Bengal there are one central university, twenty state universities, one deemed university, an IIM, an IISER, an IIT and an NIT.