Lists of state leaders by century
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Millennium
2nd millennium
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Timelines
State leaders
Decades
Categories:
Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments

This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within British South Asia and its predecessor states.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 18th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Central

Angola

Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

Central African Republic

Chad

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the

Equatorial Guinea

Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

East

Great Lakes area

Burundi
Kenya
Rwanda
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Solomonic dynasty
Zemene Mesafint
Somalia (including Somaliland)

Indian Ocean

Comoros
Madagascar
Mauritius
French colony, 1715–1810
For details see France under western Europe
Seychelles

Northcentral

Libya

Tunisia

Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

Northwest

Algeria

Vassal state, 1671–1830

Morocco

South

Botswana

Eswatini/ Swaziland

Lesotho

Malawi

Mozambique

Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

South Africa

(1700s–1897)
British occupation, 1795–1803
British colony, 1795–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Zambia

Zimbabwe

returns to Rozwi vassalage (1712)
independent of Rozwi (1720)

West

Benin

Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823

Burkina Faso

Cape Verde

Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

Liberia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

The following were the independent rulers of Okoloama.[21]

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Togo

Americas

Caribbean

Antigua

British colony, 1632–1981
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

The Bahamas

British colony, 1648–1973
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Barbados

British colony, 1625–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Cuba

Spanish Colony, 1607–1898
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Dominica

French Colony, 1715–1763
For details see France in western Europe
British Colony, 1763–1978
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

British Colony, 1763–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Haiti

French Colony, 1625–1804
For details see France in western Europe

Netherlands

Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Saint Lucia

French colony, 1762–1802
For details see France in western Europe

Trinidad and Tobago

British colony, 1797–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Central

Belize

British colony, 1749–1862
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guatemala

Spanish Colony, 1609–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Nicaragua

North

Canada

French colony, 1535–1763
For details see France under western Europe
British colony, 1610–1907
British colony, 1763–1791
British colony, 1791–1841
British colony, 1791–1841
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mexico

Spanish Colony, 1521–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

United States

South

Argentina

Spanish Colony, 1776–1814
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Brazil

Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Chile

Spanish Colony, 1541–1818
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Colombia

Spanish Colony, 1717–1723, 1739–1810, 1815–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Peru

Spanish Colony, 1542–1824
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Suriname

English/ British colony, 1650–1667
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Dutch colony 1667–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Asia

Central

Kazakhstan

Tajikistan

Tibet

Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

East

China: Qing dynasty

Japan

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

Korea

Southeast

Brunei

Cambodia

Indonesia

Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Indonesia: Java
Split into Surakarta and Yogyakarta
Indonesia: Sumatra
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
Indonesia: West Timor
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
Dutch protectorate 1667–1942
British occupation 1799–1802
Dutch protectorate 1657–1905
Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

Laos

Vassal to Burma (1765–1768)
Vassal to Siam (1778–1826)
Vassal to Burma (1765–1779)

Malaysia: Peninsular

Champa dynasty
Patani dynasty

Myanmar / Burma

See also: List of state leaders in 18th-century British South Asia and its predecessor states § Burma

Philippines

Colony, 1565–1901
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Thailand

Timor

Colony, 1702–1975
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

South

See also: List of state leaders in 18th-century British South Asia and its predecessor states

Afghanistan

Sri Lanka

Colony, 1656–1796
For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

West

Bahrain

Cyprus

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

Europe

Balkans

Croatia

part of the Habsburg monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown
House of Habsburg
House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Greece

Montenegro

British Isles

Great Britain and Ireland

Central

See also: List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire

Austria

Habsburg monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles
Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles

Bohemia

Hungary

Poland

East

Ukraine

1772–1795, crownland of the Habsburg monarchy
1795–1804, kingdom of the Habsburg monarchy

Nordic

Denmark–Norway

Sweden

Southcentral

See also: List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire § Italy

Italy: Holy Roman Empire

Sister Republic of the French First Republic, 1797–1802
For details see France under western Europe
client republic of France, 1797–1805
For details see France under western Europe
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany (complete list) –
  • Republic of Venice (complete list) –

    • Italy: Southern

    Malta

    British protectorate, 1800–1813
    For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

    Southwest

    Andorra

    Portugal

    Spain

    West

    France

    French

    Low Countries

    Caucasus

    Azerbaijan

    Georgia

    direct Persian rule (1676–1703)

    Russia: Dagestan

    Oceania

    Australia

    Australia

    British colony, 1788–1900
    For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

    Pacific

    Chile

    French Polynesia

    New Zealand: Niue

    Tonga

    United Kingdom: Pitcairn

    United States: Hawaii

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ a b Delmond offers 1734–1748 for Koro's reign and 1748–1763 for that of Alfa.[15] More recent historians reverse the order of their rule; it is not clear whether the given regnal dates are accurate.[17]

    References

    1. ^ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17–19
    2. ^ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
    3. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix
    4. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif
    5. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
    6. ^ Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
    7. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
    8. ^ Njoku, Raphael (2013). The History of Somalia. ISBN 9780313378577.
    9. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. p. 26. ISBN 9780810866041. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
    10. ^ a b MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
    11. ^ a b Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
    12. ^ Hamaj Regents of the Funj Sultanate of Sinnar, accessed 2/1/2017
    13. ^ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
    14. ^ Madiéga, Y. Georges (1982). Contribution à L'Histoire Précoloniale du Gulma (Haute Volta). Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 117, 123. ISBN 978-3-515-03222-3.
    15. ^ a b c Delmond, Paul (1949). "Esquisse geographique du Gourra central: Le cercle de Dori (Haute-Volta)". Notes Africaines (43): 57–60.
    16. ^ a b c d e Madiéga 1982, p. 123.
    17. ^ Madiéga 1982, p. 117.
    18. ^ Madiéga 1982, p. 117,123.
    19. ^ Tilho, J. (1911), Documents Scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906–1909) (in French), vol. 2, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 505–510
    20. ^ "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
    21. ^ "Traditional States of Nigeria". World Statesmen. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
    22. ^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
    23. ^ Aimiuwu, O.E.I. Ashipa: the first Oba of Lagos. Nigeria Magazine, Issues 100–104, Government of Nigeria 1969. pp. 624–627. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
    24. ^ Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 29.
    25. ^ Plainsail. "Erelu Abiola Docemo Foundation". eraffoundation.org.
    26. ^ "LAGOS". iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
    27. ^ Adewunmi Elegbede. "Kingdoms of Nigeria, The Nigerian Database of Rulers, Kings, Kingdoms, Political and Traditional Leaders". kingdomsofnigeria.com.
    28. ^ a b Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 46.
    29. ^ Ojo, Olatunji; Hunt, Nadine (2012-09-15). Slavery in Africa and the Caribbean: A History of Enslavement and Identity Since the 18th Century. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781780761152.
    30. ^ Barry, Boubacar, "Le royaume du Waalo": le Sénégal avant la conquête, Karthala, 1985, p 317, ISBN 2865371417
    31. ^ a b "John Hancock". History. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    32. ^ "Henry Laurens". Charles Pickney National Historic Site. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    33. ^ "John Jay". History. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    34. ^ a b "Samuel Huntington Governor of Connecticut, 1786–1796". Museum of Connecticut History. 2015-08-14. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    35. ^ Bomboy, Scott (March 19, 2019). "Thomas McKean: A Founding Father with a double life". National Constitution Center.org. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    36. ^ Longley, Robert (Feb 28, 2019). "Was John Hanson the Real First President of the United States?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    37. ^ Stanley, Bill. "Elias Boudinot". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    38. ^ "Governor Thomas Mifflin". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. August 25, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    39. ^ "Richard Henry Lee Biography". Biography. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    40. ^ "Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts". Constitution Day. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    41. ^ "President Arthur St. Clair". Arthur St. Clair. October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    42. ^ Stanley, Bill. "Cyrus Griffin". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    43. ^ "George Washington". The White House. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    44. ^ "John Adams". The White House. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
    45. ^ László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
    46. ^ Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
    47. ^ Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845. ISBN 9789751618252.
    48. ^ Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9.
    49. ^ a b c d e Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
    50. ^ Sutherland (1973–1974).
    51. ^ Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
    52. ^ Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
    53. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
    54. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1232
    55. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233
    56. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233–4.
    57. ^ L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
    58. ^ a b "Facts about Sonbai Kecil and Sonbai Besar by Hans Hagerdal". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
    59. ^ Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
    60. ^ The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
    61. ^ Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
    62. ^ "Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 4 and 5".
    63. ^ Markó 2000, p. 95.
    64. ^ Markó 2000, pp. 113-115.
    65. ^ Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176
    66. ^ George A. Bournoutian (1998). Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889. p. 516. ISBN 1568590687.
    67. ^ Martijn Theodoor Houtsma; et al. (eds.). "Nakhcuwan". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Publishers. OCLC 8096647.
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