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((Short description|Extreme Southern Italian dialect spoken in the Salento Peninsula, Italy))
((Multiple issues|
((Expand Italian|Dialetto salentino|date=August 2019))
((Expand Sicilian|Salentinu|date=August 2019))
((More citations needed|date=December 2017))
))
((Infobox language
| name             = Salentino
| nativename       = ''salentinu''
| states           = [[Italy]]
| region           = [[Salento]] (southern [[Apulia]])
Formerly [[Corfu]]
| speakers         = 1,500,000 but vulnerable
| date             = 2017
| ref              = https://docs.verbix.com/Languages/Salentino
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3             = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4             = [[Latin]]
| fam5             = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6             = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam7             = [[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]]
| fam8             = [[Italo-Romance languages|Italo-Romance]]
| fam9             = [[Extreme Southern Italian]]
| isoexception     = dialect
| glotto           = 
| glottorefname    = 
| map              = Zona-Salento-Posizione.png
))
((Sicilian language|state=expanded))
'''Salentino''' (((lang|scn|salentinu))) is a dialect of the [[Extreme Southern Italian]] (((lang|it|Italiano meridionale estremo)) in Italian)<ref name=Avolio>((cite book|language=it|first=Francesco|last=Avolio|title=Lingue e dialetti d'Italia|trans-title=Languages and dialects of Italy|edition=2nd|location=[[Rome]]|publisher=Carocci|year=2012|page=54))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=siciliani, calabresi e salentini, dialetti in "Enciclopedia dell'Italiano"|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/siciliani-calabresi-e-salentini-dialetti_(Enciclopedia-dell%27Italiano)|access-date=2021-04-04|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT))</ref> spoken in the [[Salento]] peninsula, which is the southern part of the region of [[Apulia]] at the southern "heel" of the Italian peninsula.

==Overview==
Salentino is a dialect of the [[Extreme Southern Italian]] language group (in Italian ''Italiano meridionale estremo''). It is thus closer to the [[Central-Southern Calabrian|Southern Calabrian dialect]] and the dialects of [[Sicily]] than to the geographically less distant dialects of central and northern [[Apulia]].

The traditional areas where Salentino is spoken are the aforementioned [[Province of Lecce]], much of the southern part of the province of [[Brindisi]], and the southern part of [[Taranto]] province.

== History ==

The Salentino dialect is a product of the different powers and/or populations that have had a presence in the peninsula over the centuries: indigenous [[Messapian language|Messapian]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Roman Empire|Roman]], [[Byzantine Greek]], [[Lombard language|Lombard]], [[France|French]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] influences are all, to differing levels, present in the modern dialect, but the [[Greek language|Greek]] substratum has had a particular impact on the phonology and the lexicon of this language. Salentino is thus a derivative of local dialects of [[Vulgar Latin]], with a strong Greek substratum.

The oldest text in Salentino is in the margin notes of a copy of the [[Mishnah]] known as ''Parma A'' written between 1072 and 1073. It is written in the [[Judeo-Salentino]] dialect of Salentino which is now extinct.<ref>((Cite web |title=Judeo-Italian |url=https://www.jewishlanguages.org/judeo-italian |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Jewish Languages |language=en))</ref>

During the [[Middle Ages]], the area was home to both [[Romance languages|Romance]]-based dialects–the precursors to the modern Salentino–and [[Greek language|Greek]]-based dialects in roughly equal measure. The areas of Greek speech have retreated over time, but Salento remains one of two areas of southern Italy, the other being southern Calabria, where [[Griko]] can still be heard in some villages (today known collectively as the [[Grecìa Salentina]]).

== Characteristics ==
[[File:Versioni dialetto salentino.jpg|thumbnail|different type of dialect in [[Salento]]]]

The term ''Salentino'' should be considered a general word to describe the various [[Romance languages|Romance]] vernaculars of the Salento peninsula, rather than one to describe a unified standard language spoken throughout the area. Indeed, in common with most other Italian languages, there are no agreed standards for spelling, grammar or pronunciation, with each locality and even generation having its own peculiarities. What unites the various local dialects of the Salento is their shared differences from the dialects further north in [[Apulia]], such as the [[Tarantino dialect|Tarantino]] and [[Bari dialect|Barese]] dialect, and their similarities with other varieties of Sicilian, particularly those found in [[Calabria]]. In Sicily efforts have been made by the [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] [[Cadèmia Siciliana]] to standardise the orthography for written insular Sicilian. They have also adopted a 'polycentric' approach which suggests that Salentino should have its own orthography within a family of Sicilian orthographies.<ref>((Cite news|url=http://forum.cademiasiciliana.org/threads/resolution-regarding-sicilian-language-range-and-relationship-to-other-languages-of-sicily.18/|title=Resolution regarding Sicilian language range, and relationship to other languages of Sicily|work=Cadèmia Siciliana|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US))</ref>

Salentino has 5 vowels and an [[Subject–object–verb word order|SOV]] ([[Subject (grammar)|subject]], [[Object (grammar)|object]], [[verb]]) [[word order]]. There are six persons: jeu (I), tu (you, singular), idhu/idha (he,it/she,it), nui (we), vui (you, plural), idhi/idhe (they). And there are six tenses: [[Present tense|present]], [[imperfect]], [[Past tense|remote past]], [[Pluperfect|past perfect]], past pluperfect, plus remote past.<ref name="Avolio" />

=== Contemporary authors ===
[[Orazio miggiano|Orazio Testarotta di Taviano]] (1870-1964): his real name is Oronzo Miggiano. The pseudonym by which it is known was chosen for specific reasons: the name Horace refers to the [[Latin literature|Latin poet]] with whom he shares the satirical character of his works; while Testarotta is the Italian translation of the ''capiruttu dialect because'' it always fell to the ground. His is a poem that uses satire to denounce the political and social situation of the time. In fact, there are three fundamental themes on which it is based: the political and social condition from [[fascism]] to the [[Italy|republican age]]; the condition of the people in relation to the economy; the industrial and technological progress that disrupts the entire system.

[[Giuseppe Susanna]] (1851-1929): his poetry has an ideological and progressive function, therefore in stark contrast to the previous dialectal poetry. The main objective in Susanna's works is the [[Communism|emancipation of the proletariat]] and [[peasant]]s, based on a language no longer sentimental like that of the late 1800s.

[[Pietro Gatti di Ceglie Messapica]] (1913-2013): together with Nicola G. De Donno and Erminio Caputo, he is one of the greatest representatives of that generation of authors who worked especially in the post-war period. It is a period characterized by greater freedom of writing and continuous experimentation. Above all, dialect poetry was radically renewed, now characterized by strong individualism and [[subjectivism]].

[[Nicola Giuseppe De Donno di Maglie]] (1920-2004): he is part of the generation of authors born between 1915 and 1930. In his works he deals with very current themes and problems, ranging from [[Autobiography|autobiographism]] to satire to [[Religion|religious]] or [[Social|social topics]]. It uses dialect as an autonomous language, free from any expressive compromise.

[[Erminio Caputo]] (born in Campobasso, in 1921): he also belongs to the generation of writers born in the first thirty years of the century. Born to Salento parents, he settled in [[Lecce]] in 1965, after occasional stays in [[Tuscany]] and marche. Unlike De Donno, who was an important point of reference for him, his is a [[Religion|predominantly religious poetics]], linked not so much to the external reality that surrounds him, but to the inner, intimate reality of the soul.

== Sample Text<ref>((Cite journal |last=Golovko |first=Ekaterina |last2=Panov |first2=Vladimir |title=Salentino Dialect, Griko and Regional Italian: Linguistic Diversity of Salento (With Ekaterina Golovko) |url=https://www.academia.edu/5255425/Salentino_Dialect_Griko_and_Regional_Italian_Linguistic_Diversity_of_Salento_With_Ekaterina_Golovko_ |journal=Academia.edu |pages=57–67))</ref> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|'''Salentino'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Aggiu lettu sulemente na fiata st' articulu
|I read this article only one time
|-
|Stammatina aggiu cantatu
|I sang this morning
|-
|Su’ turnatu
|I returned
|-
|Ci tinia fame mangiava
|If I was hungry, i’d eat
|-
|Aggiu ffare
|I will do
|-
|Aggiu ppurtare
|I will bring
|-
|Manciavi ci te tania fame
|You could eat if you were hungry
|-
|Iddu ulia cu llu ddicu
|He wanted me to tell him
|-
|Tocca cu bbiscia
|(that) I need to see it
|-
|Iddhru è ertu basciu siccu
|He is tall, short, skinny
|-
|Iddha ete de Cutrufianu
|She is from Cutrofiano
|-
|Su'statu a mmare
|I was at the seaside
|-
|U Marcu su’
|I am Marco
|-
|Cci ghe beddu
|How beautiful
|}

==See also==
*[[Salento]]
*[[Apulia]]
*[[Griko language]]
*[[Magna Graecia]]
*[[Catepanate of Italy]]

== References ==
((Reflist))
((Languages of Italy))
((Romance languages))

[[Category:Extreme Southern Italian dialects]]
[[Category:Salento|Language]]

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