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 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Mandarin on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Mandarin in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see ((IPA-cmn)), ((IPAc-cmn)) and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.
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Notes[edit]
- ^ a b [ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ] are always followed by [i] [j], [y], or [ɥ].
- ^ Also transcribed as ɻ in some literature.
- ^ a b ü (/y/) is spelled u after j, q, x in pinyin since /u/ cannot occur after them.
- ^ a b c wei, you/yu, wen/wên are spelled respectively ui, iu, un in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.
- ^ The rhotic vowel also appears in erhua.
- ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.
- ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.
- ^ ㄨㄛ is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.
- ^ This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.
References[edit]
- Duanmu, San (2007). The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). "Standard Chinese (Beijing)" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208.
- Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
External links[edit]
- Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to Pinyin Phonetic Transcription