 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Inupiaq on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Inupiaq in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Alaskan Inuit pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Inuit phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Inupiaq and other Inuit languages.
| IPA | Examples | nearest English equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| h | savił̣haq[b] | ahead |
| ɣ | agiaq | Spanish fuego, roughly like ugh |
| j | qayaq | yes |
| k | kataktuq | ski |
| l | alapittuq | land |
| ɬ | iłuaqtuq | By getting the tongue up to the roof and giving a quick breath out; Welsh llwyd. |
| ʎ | iḷaga | like, but more of a y-like sound |
| ʎ̥ | sikł̣aq | Above, but whispered. |
| m | mannik | man |
| n | nuna | now |
| ŋ | iġñiiŋ | sing |
| ɲ | iñuk | onion, Spanish ñ |
| p | putu | spoil |
| q | qupak | like k but further down the throat |
| ʁ | niġiruq | French rester |
| s | sisuruq | soon |
| ʂ | iqsraq | shrub, but retroflex |
| t | talu | stop |
| tʃ | iñuich, tikiṭkaa | rich |
| v | kiviruq[c] | love |
| ʐ | iri | pleasure but retroflex |
| Marginal sounds | ||
| f | tavsi[c] | after |
| ɴ | iġñiq | like n but further down the throat |
| x | akłaq,[d] siñikhuni | loch (Scottish English) |
| χ | mayuqłuŋa,[d] anniqhuni[b] | like above but deepened |
| IPA | Examples | nearest English equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| aː | aapa | spa |
| ɑ | nuqaqti[f] | father |
| ɐ | amiq | nut |
| e | qiquayak[f] | bed (Australian English) |
| iː | kiigaa | knee |
| i | iki | really |
| o | mitquq[f] | yawn (Australian English) |
| uː | kuuk | coo |
| u | niġirugut | roof |
| Diphthongs | ||
| ai | aivig | irate |
| au | auk | how |
| ia | qiaruq | fiat |
| iu | kiugaa | cute |
| ua | uamittuq | quality |
| ui | uiga | gooey |
Notes[edit]
- ^ Between vowels, Inupiaq consonants can occur either short or long. In IPA, long consonants may be written doubled or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/.
- ^ a b [χ] exists as a separate sound in some dialects, but is merged into /h/ in others.
- ^ a b The labial fricative /v/ and its voiceless allophone are labiodental [v, f] in some dialects and bilabial [β, ɸ] in others.
- ^ a b /k, q/ can have fricative allophones [x, χ], respectively, before consonants.
- ^ Inupiaq has three vowel phonemes /a, i, u/, which combine in every permutation to form three short vowels, three long vowels, and six diphthongs.
- ^ a b c The short vowels /ɐ, i, u/ are lowered to [ɑ, e, o], respectively, when adjacent to uvular consonants /q, ʁ/.