Consonants
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
b
|
beet
|
bait
|
d
|
dak
|
duck
|
f
|
fiets
|
feats
|
ɣ
|
gaan[a]
|
no English equivalent; roughly like loch (Scottish)
|
ɦ
|
had[a]
|
behind
|
j
|
jas
|
yard
|
k
|
kat, cabaret
|
ski
|
l
|
land
|
land
|
m
|
mens
|
man
|
n
|
nek
|
neck
|
ŋ
|
eng
|
long
|
p
|
pen, rib[b]
|
sport
|
r
|
ras[c]
|
American atom, or bar, or Scottish loch, but voiced
|
s
|
sok
|
between sip and ship (retracted) (N), sip (B)
|
t
|
tak, had[b]
|
stop
|
v
|
ver[a]
|
very, but more forceful
|
ʋ
|
wang[d]
|
like a looser very
|
x
|
acht,[a] weg[b]
|
loch (Scottish English)
|
z
|
zeep[a]
|
between zone and genre (retracted) (N), zone (B)
|
Marginal consonants
|
c
|
tientje, check[e]
|
cheer
|
ɡ
|
goal[f]
|
goal
|
ɟ
|
Giovanni[e]
|
jeep
|
ɱ
|
omvallen
|
symphony
|
ɲ
|
oranje, Trijntje[e]
|
somewhat like canyon
|
ʃ
|
sjabloon, chef[e]
|
ship
|
ʒ
|
jury[a][e]
|
genre
|
ʔ
|
beëindig [bəˈʔɛindəx], Trijntje Oosterhuis [-ə ˈʔoː-][g]
|
catch in uh-oh!
|
Stress
|
ˈ
|
voorkomen voorkomen
|
as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/
|
ˌ
|
Other representations
|
( )
|
maken [ˈmaːkə(n)] zelf [zɛl(ə)f]
|
Optional sound[h]
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
Checked vowels[i]
|
ɑ
|
bad
|
father, but rather short
|
ɛ
|
bed
|
bed
|
ɪ
|
vis
|
sit
|
ɔ
|
bot
|
off
|
ʏ
|
hund
|
roughly like nurse
|
Free vowels and diphthongs[i]
|
aː
|
aap
|
father
|
eː
|
beet, ezel[j]
|
American may (N), Scottish may (B)
|
ə
|
de
|
again
|
i
|
diep
|
deep
|
oː
|
boot[j]
|
American go (N), story (B)
|
y
|
fuut
|
roughly like few
|
øː
|
neus[j]
|
roughly like fur
|
u
|
hoed
|
roughly like rule
|
ɑi
|
ai
|
price
|
aːi
|
draai
|
prize
|
ʌu
|
jou, dauw
|
out
|
ɛi
|
bijt, ei
|
no English equivalent, roughly like Australian may
|
eːu
|
sneeuw
|
no English equivalent, roughly like say oo
|
iu
|
nieuw
|
ew!
|
ɔi
|
hoi
|
choice
|
oːi
|
nooit
|
no English equivalent, roughly like boys
|
œy
|
buit
|
no English equivalent at all
|
ui
|
groei
|
no English equivalent, roughly like gooey
|
yu
|
duw
|
no English equivalent at all
|
Marginal vowels
|
ɛː
|
scène[k]
|
square (British English)
|
iː
|
analyse, dier[l]
|
wheeze
|
ɔː
|
roze[m][n]
|
thought
|
œː
|
freule[m]
|
no English equivalent at all
|
uː
|
cruise, boer[l]
|
rule
|
yː
|
centrifuge, kuur[l]
|
no English equivalent, roughly like fugue
|
ɑ̃ː
|
genre[m]
|
roughly like croissant
|
ɛ̃ː
|
hautain[m]
|
roughly like doyen
|
ɔ̃ː
|
chanson[m]
|
roughly like montage
|
|