 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Tunisian Arabic on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Tunisian Arabic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Tunisian Arabic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
| IPA | Example | IPA | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | Ballûna | [balˈluːna] | boy |
| d | dâr | [daːr] | duck |
| ð | ðêb | [ðɛːb] | then |
| ðˤ | ðgħâhăr | [ðˤa:hər] | that, but pharyngealised |
| dz[a] | ḑêyăr | [ˈd͡zɛːjər] | pads |
| ʒ | jĭlâtgħ | [ʒɪˈlaːtˤ] | vision |
| f | foşîtgħà | [fɔrˈʃiːtˤa] | four |
| ɡ | gatgħtgħù | [gaˈtˤtˤu] | game |
| h | hakêkà | [haˈkɛːka] | help |
| ħ | ħâkăm | [ˈħaːkəm] | hello, but pharyngeal |
| j | yûm | [juːm] | yes |
| k | kalb | [kalb] | scar |
| l | lĭbsà | [ˈlɪbsa] | look |
| m | mrâ | [mra:] | mole |
| n | nêb | [nɛːb] | bin |
| θ | ŧlêŧà | [ˈθlɛːθa] | thing |
| q | qdîm | [qdiːm] | cup, but uvular |
| p[b] | pîsîn | [piːˈsiːn] | spat |
| r | ray | [raj] | right (Trilled R) |
| s | sqàf | [sqaf] | sow |
| ʃ | şàrka | [ˈʃarka] | shell |
| t | tûba | [tu:ba] | stake |
| tʃ[a] | çîşa | [t͡ʃiːʃa] | chew |
| v[b] | tàlvza | [ˈtalvza] | vet |
| w | wàrda | [ˈwarda] | wall |
| x | ķâtăm | [ˈxa:təm] | loch (Scottish) |
| ʁ | màğrăb | [ˈmaʁrəb] | French rouge (Guttural R) |
| z | zlêbyà | [ˈzlɛːbja] | zoo |
| ʕ | għòrśan | [ˈʕɔrsˤa] | No equivalent; Standard Arabic 'ayn (ع) |
| ʔ[c] | yĭśăl | [ˈjɪsʔəl] | The pause in uh-oh!; Cockney button |
| IPA | Example | IPA | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | kab | [kab] | gut |
| ɛ | għlêş | [ʕˈlɛːʃ] | bed |
| ə | ðgħâhăr | [ðˤa:hər] | killer |
| ɪ | gĭd | [gɪd] | bit |
| i | fìsagħ | [ˈfisaʕ] | meet |
| ɔ | mòķ | [mɔχ] | core |
| u | măhûş | [məˈhuːʃ] | doom |
| IPA | Explanation |
|---|---|
| ◌ˤ | pharyngealised vowel or consonant |
| ◌ː | long vowel |
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Rarely used, for example tšīša, dzīṛa and dzāyir.[1]
- ^ a b /p/ and /v/ are found in borrowed words and they are usually replaced by /b/, like in ḅāḅūr and ḅāla. However, they are preserved in some words, like pīsīn and talvza.[2]
- ^ Usually dropped but tends to occur in the learned register, in loans from standard Arabic, often in maṣdar (verbal noun) forms at the onset of the word, but also in other words like /jɪsʔɪl/ "he asks", though many speakers substitute /ʔ/ for /h/ in the latter word.[3][4]
References[edit]
- ^ Ben Farah, A. (2008). "Les affriquées en dialectal tunisien". Atlas linguistique de Tunisie (in French).
- ^ Talmoudi, Fathi (1979). The Arabic Dialect of Sûsa (Tunisia). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. ISBN 91-7346-079-6.
- ^ Gibson, M. (2009). "Tunis Arabic". Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Vol. 4. pp. 563–71. ISBN 978-90-04-14973-1.
- ^ Singer, H. R. (1981). "Zum arabischen Dialekt von Valencia". Oriens (in German). 27–28 (1): 317–323. doi:10.1163/18778372-02702801010.