Schaffhausen | |
|---|---|
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Location of Schaffhausen  | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Schaffhausen |
| District | (None in canton of Schaffhausen) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Stadtpräsident (list) Marcel Wenger FDP/PRD (as of 2008) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 41.78 km2 (16.13 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 403 m (1,322 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018)[2] | |
| • Total | 36,587 |
| • Density | 880/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 8200 |
| SFOS number | 2939 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-SH |
| Surrounded by | Beringen, Büsingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Büttenhardt, Dörflingen, Feuerthalen (ZH), Flurlingen (ZH), Hemmental, Merishausen, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Stetten, Thayngen |
| Twin towns | Sindelfingen (Germany), Singen am Hohentwiel (Germany), Dobrich (Bulgaria) |
| Website | www Profile (in German), SFSO statistics |
Imperial City of Schaffhausen Reichsstadt Schaffhausen | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1190 or 1218 – 1330 1415–1501 | |||||||||
| Status | Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Schaffhausen | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Gained Reichsfreiheit | betw 1190 and 1218 | ||||||||
• Pledged to Habsburgs | 1330 | ||||||||
• Bought independence | 1415 | ||||||||
| 1454 | |||||||||
• Joined Switzerland | 1501 | ||||||||
| 1648 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Imperial Abbey of All Saints in Schaffhausen Reichskloster Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1080–1529 | |||||||||
| Status | Imperial Abbey of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Schaffhausen | ||||||||
| Government | Principality | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Consecrated (Leo IX) | 22 November 1049 | ||||||||
| 1080 | |||||||||
• Gained Hiltensweiler lands | 1122–1389 | ||||||||
| 1454 | |||||||||
• City joined Switz. | 1501 | ||||||||
• Converted to monastery and cathedral church | 1524 | ||||||||
| 1529 | |||||||||
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Schaffhausen (German: ) is a city in northern Switzerland and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimated population of 33,693 as of December 2007[update].[3]
The old portion of the city has many fine Renaissance era buildings decorated with exterior frescos and sculpture, as well as the impressive old canton fortress, the Munot. A train runs out of town to the nearby Rhine Falls in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Europe's largest waterfall, a tourist attraction.
Origin of the name
The town is first mentioned in 1045 as Villa Scafhusun. There are at least two theories on the origin of this name. One is related to a mention of a "ford" across the Rhine River that first occurs in 1050. This "ford" may actually refer to a scapha or skiff which was used to disembark goods coming from Constance to move them around the Rhine Falls. The name Scafhusun then arose from the scapha used at that point. Another theory is that Scafhusun comes from Schaf (a sheep), as a ram (now a sheep) formed the ancient arms of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of Nellenburg.[4]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or on a Base Vert issuant from sinister a Semi Castle Argent with tower with entrance from which is issuing a Semi Ram Sable.[5] The canting coat of arms refers to the second interpretation of the name, sheep-house.
History
Schaffhausen was a city state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins from 1045.[4] About 1050 the counts of Nellenburg founded the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, which became the center of the town. Perhaps as early as 1190, certainly in 1208, it was an imperial free city, while the first seal dates from 1253. The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor Rudolf I gave the town a charter of liberties. In 1330 the emperor Louis of Bavaria pledged it to the Habsburgs. In the early 15th century, Habsburg power over the city waned. By 1411 the guilds ruled the city. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.
The Reformation was adopted, initially, in 1524 and completely in 1529. The town was heavily damaged during the Thirty Years' War from the passage of Swedish (Protestant) and Bavarian (Roman Catholic) troops and the very important bridge was burnt down. It was not till the early 19th century that the arrested industrial development of the town took a fresh start.[4] In 1857 the first railroad, the Rheinfall-Bahn running from Winterthur, reached Schaffhausen.[6]
Schaffhausen is located in a finger of Swiss territory surrounded on three sides by Germany. On April 1, 1944, Schaffhausen suffered a bombing raid by United States Army Air Forces aircraft which strayed from German airspace into neutral Switzerland. About a hundred civilians were killed[7]; the United States immediately offered a million dollars in reparations.
Geography
Schaffhausen has an area, as of 2006[update], of Template:Km2 to mi2. Of this area, 20.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 47.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 30.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).[8]
Demographics
Schaffhausen has a population (as of 2008[update]) of 34,587, of which 26.4% are foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, (as of 2008[update]), 21% are from Germany, 13.3% are from Italy, 8.8% are from Croatia, 13.3% are from Serbia, 6% are from Macedonia, 9% are from Turkey, and 28.6% are from another country.[9] Over the last 10 years the population has remained stable. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (84.3%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 3.4%) and Italian being third ( 3.2%).[8]
The age distribution of the population (as of 2008[update]) is children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 19% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 61.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.4%.[9]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 39.5% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the SVP (33.1%), and the FDP (27.4%) .[8]
As of 2000[update], 27.4% of the population belonged to the Roman Catholic Church and 43.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.[9]
The historical population is given in the following table:[10]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 34,446 |
| 2000 | 33,596 |
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Schaffhausen about 69.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).[8] In Schaffhausen, as of 2007[update], 1.73% of the population attend kindergarten or another pre-school, 5.65% attend a Primary School, 2.98% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.49% attend a higher level Secondary School.[9]
Industry
Schaffhausen has an unemployment rate (as of 2007[update] of 2.67%. As of 2005[update], there were 196 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 33 businesses involved in this sector. 6,488 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 293 businesses in this sector. 14,019 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 1,486 businesses in this sector.[8]
As of 2008[update] the mid year average unemployment rate was 2.5%. There were 1,879 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 29.9% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 70.1% were involved in the third. At the same time, 67.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 32.9% was employed part-time. There were 21,841 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.6% of the workforce. As of 2000[update] there were 10,019 residents who worked in the municipality, while 5,724 residents worked outside Schaffhausen and 8,026 people communted into the municipality for work.[9]
Schaffhausen hosts some well-known industrial companies like Georg Fischer (piping systems, machine tools and automotives), an internationally-reputed manufacturer of watches (IWC), pharmaceutical industry (Cilag, founded by Bernhard Joos) and BB Biotech (biotechnologies).
As of 2008[update], there are 102 restaurants, and 11 hotels with 445 beds. The hospitality industry in Schaffhausen employs 924 people.[9]
Transportation
Schaffhausen is a stop of the Zürich S-Bahn on the line S16. Schaffhausen is also a stop on the S33 line that operates between Schaffhausen and Winterthur, and is also a regular stop for high-speed trains to Bern via Zürich, and Stuttgart from Zürich, operated by DB.
Schaffhausen also has a bus network of six lines, linking it with nearby places such as Herblingen and Neuhausen am Rheinfall.
Sport
The town has two football teams, SV Schaffhausen of the second tier, the Swiss 1. Liga, and FC Schaffhausen of the Swiss Challenge League.
Weather
Schaffhausen has an average of 124.9 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives Template:Mm to in of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Schaffhausen receives an average of Template:Mm to in of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.6 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 12.4, but with only Template:Mm to in of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is March with an average of Template:Mm to in of precipitation over 11.6 days.[11]
| Climate data for Schaffhausen | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Source: MeteoSchweiz[11] | |||||||||||||
Heritage sites of national significance
There 35 buildings or sites in Schaffhausen that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. The entire old city of Schaffhausen, the city walls, the Giesserei +GF+ Werk I factory, the city and cantonal archives, the Schweizersbild Paleolithic cave and the Herblingen and Grüthalde Neolithic settlements. Additionally, there are four former guild houses and seven houses on the list. There are only two religious buildings on the list, the former Benedictine All Saints Abbey and the Church of St. John[12]
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Church portal of All Saints Abbey -
Cathedral interior of All Saints Abbey -
Restaurant Thiergarten and Munot tower -
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St John's church -
House zum Ritter at Vordergasse 65, one of listed houses
See also
External links
- City of Schaffhausen Template:De icon
- Schaffhausen Tourism Template:En icon
- City archives Template:De icon
- U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
((cite web)): Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Bundesamt fur Statistik (Federal Department of Statistics) (2008). "Bilanz der ständigen Wohnbevölkerung (Total) nach Bezirken und Gemeinden". Retrieved November 5, 2008. Template:De icon
- ^ a b c "Schaffhausen (city)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24. 1911. p. 312. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 22-December-2009
- ^ Canton Schaffhausen website-Numbers and facts accessed 18 April 2009. Template:De icon
- ^ Atkinson, Rick, The Day of the Battle
- ^ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 22-December-2009
- ^ a b c d e f Statistical Office of the Canton of Schaffhausen Template:De icon accessed 2 December 2009
- ^ Schaffhausen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
- ^ a b "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
((cite web)): Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help), the weather station elevation is 438 meters above sea level. Cite error: The named reference "MeteoSchweiz" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance 21.11.2008 version, Template:De icon accessed 22-Dec-2009
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